Public Diplomacy, 1969–1972
121. Letter From the Assistant Director, East Asia and Pacific, United States Information Agency (Reinhardt) to all USIA Public Affairs Officers
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Associate Directorate for Programs, Subject Files of Basic Operating Documents, Entry P–100, Basic Documents 1970. Limited Official Use; Official-Informal. The letter is PAO Letter # 32.
122. Information Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs (Richardson) to Secretary of State Rogers
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Office of Policy and Plans, IOP/C Cultural Subject Files, 1955–1971, Entry UD–90, Box 1, CUL 1 GENERAL. No classification marking. Sent through S/S. Printed from an uninitialed copy. Drafted by Lewis on December 18. Copies were sent to Irwin, U. Alexis Johnson, Samuels, and Pedersen. Bunce sent a copy of the memorandum to White under a December 23 memorandum, indicating that Richardson’s memorandum “will be of interest.” (Ibid.)
123. Memorandum From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Shakespeare) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger)
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 294, Agency Files, USIA—Vol. III—1971 [Jan–Dec 1971] [2 of 2]. Confidential. Attached as Tab B to a January 29 memorandum from Sonnenfeldt to Kissinger, in which Sonnenfeldt summarized Shakespeare’s memorandum and recommended that Kissinger sign an attached response to Shakespeare. Kissinger’s signed response, attached as Tab A and dated February 1, reads: “Your memorandum of January 26, 1971, on European integration was very timely since I have been working on the European Chapter of the President’s forthcoming report. It was good to get your thoughts. The points you make are central and will be covered in very much the terms you suggest.” (Ibid.)
124. Memorandum Prepared by the Youth Adviser, Office of Policy and Plans, United States Information Agency (Meyer)
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, Office of the Assistant Secretary, Subject Files of Assistant Secretary John Richardson, 1968–1976, Lots 76D186 and 78D184, Entry P–242, Box 2, Youth Affairs 1971. No classification marking. Addressed to “Agency Young Officers.” Richardson initialed the top right-hand corner of the memorandum.
125. Memorandum From Secretary of State Rogers to President Nixon
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 321, Subject Files, East/West Center [Feb 1969–Sept 1972]. No classification marking. Kissinger sent a copy of the memorandum to the President under an undated covering memorandum, in which he summarized Bundy’s efforts regarding the establishment of the Institute, adding that Nixon, in October 1969, had directed McElroy to “provide financial and administrative support for the Institute.” (Ibid.)
127. Memorandum From the Deputy Assistant Director, Office of the Assistant Director, East Asia and Pacific, United States Information Agency (Schneidman) to the Director (Shakespeare)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Director’s Subject Files, 1968–1972, Entry A1–42, Box 23, INC—General 1971. No classification marking. Copies were sent to White and Loomis. Loomis initialed the top right-hand corner of the memorandum twice. There is no indication that Shakespeare saw the memorandum.
128. Memorandum From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Shakespeare) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger)
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 294, Agency Files, USIA—Vol. III—1971 [Jan–Dec 1971] [2 of 2]. Confidential. Attached as Tab B to an April 16 memorandum from Holdridge to Kissinger, in which Holdridge noted that Shakespeare “expresses concern about the fact that we are continually talking about saving American lives but not stressing the fact that we are trying to save the lives of other peoples involved in the conflict in Vietnam. Mr. Shakespeare has a valid point which we probably need to keep in mind more frequently. The Communists in Paris are starting to make propaganda of it.” Another copy of Shakespeare’s memorandum is ibid., RG 306, Director’s Subject Files, 1968–1972, Entry A1–42, Box 20, OGA—White House January thru May 1971. Giddens sent a copy of the memorandum to Shakespeare under an April 6 memorandum, commenting that Holdridge recently had briefed the “top personnel” at the Voice of America and that, during the discussion period, the VOA personnel had pointed out that describing Lam Son 719 as saving American lives “creates a problem for VOA and USIA” since it prioritized saving American lives over Asian ones. Giddens added that Holdridge, in reference to presidential speeches, stated that the “White House staff would appreciate whatever advice the Agency may have in this regard.” (Ibid.)
129. Memorandum From the Deputy Director for Policy and Plans, United States Information Agency (White) to the Under Secretary of State (Irwin)
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, EDX 1 US. Confidential.
130. Memorandum of a Telephone Conversation Between the President’s Special Assistant (Scali) and President Nixon
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, White House Special Files, Staff Member and Office Files, John A. Scali, Subject Files, Box 3, Chinese Table Tennis Team, April 21, 1971 [4 of 4]. No classification marking. According to the President’s Daily Diary, the telephone call took place from 2:54 until 3:01 p.m. (Ibid., White House Central Files)
131. Circular Airgram From the United States Information Agency to All Principal USIS Posts
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Director’s Subject Files, 1968–1972, Entry A1–42, Box 21, PPL—General 1971. Unclassified. Drafted by Hoffman on April 19; cleared by Shakespeare, Loomis, Jenkins, Baker, Owen, and Semler; approved by White. Hoffman initialed for Shakespeare, Loomis, and Jenkins; Semler initialed for Baker and Owen. Sent to all principal USIS posts and the Consulates in Montreal and Toronto. Sent via pouch.
132. Memorandum From the Chair of the USIA Young Officers’ Policy Panel (Grooms) to the Members of the Young Officers’ Policy Panel
Source: National Archives, RG 306, USIA Historical Collection, Subject Files, 1953–2000, Entry A1–1066, Box 1, Organization, 1945–1978. No classification marking. An unknown hand circled “Young Officers Policy Panel” in the top left-hand corner of the memorandum.
133. Memorandum From the Assistant Director, Information Center Service, United States Information Agency (Schneidman) to the Director (Shakespeare)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Director’s Subject Files, 1968–1972, Entry A1–42, Box 22, FPD—General 1971. No classification marking. A copy was sent to Loomis.
134. Address by Secretary of State Rogers
Source: Department of State Bulletin, June 14, 1971, pp. 766–768. No classification marking. Rogers made the remarks at a Smithsonian Institution luncheon honoring the 1970 Medal of Science recipients.
135. Memorandum From the Assistant Director, West Europe, United States Information Agency (Hemsing) to the Director (Shakespeare)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Director’s Subject Files, 1968–1972, Entry A1–42, Box 22, FPD—General 1971. Confidential. A copy was sent to Loomis. On the carbon copy of the memorandum sent to Loomis, Loomis wrote: “HD Pls discuss with other areas & IOP, IOR Then brief me. HL.” An unknown hand wrote “5/27” next to Loomis’s note. (Ibid.) In the bottom margin of the carbon copy, Loomis also wrote “Gammon prepare for Area Dirs Mtg Wed June 2, 1200 Rm 1750.” Dunlap’s response, to which Hemsing’s memorandum is attached, is printed as Document 138.
137. Circular Airgram From the United States Information Agency and the Department of State to all USIS Posts
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1970–73, CUL 16. Unclassified. Drafted by Frank Scott and Bunce on May 27; cleared by Joyce, in draft by Irving and Lewis, in substance by Calkins, Hood, Arnold, and McCulloch, by telephone by Steiglitz and Hugh Burleson (IEA); approved by White. Sent via air pouch.
138. Memorandum From the Special Assistant to the Director and Deputy Director of the United States Information Agency (Dunlap) to the Deputy Director (Loomis)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Director’s Subject Files, 1968–1972, Entry A1–42, Box 22, FPD—General 1971. Unclassified with Confidential attachment. Loomis initialed the top right-hand corner of the memorandum and also wrote “FS FYI 6/2.” An unknown hand crossed out this notation.
139. Memorandum Prepared in the Office of Research and Assessment, United States Information Agency
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Director’s Subject Files, 1968–1972, Entry A1–42, Box 20, OGA—White House June thru September 1971. No classification marking. Shakespeare sent a copy of the memorandum to Higby under a memorandum stamped “June 16 1971,” stating: “Attached is a report of first foreign media reaction, chiefly West European, to the publication by The New York Times of the ‘Viet-Nam Archives.’” (Ibid.)
140. Memorandum From Helmut Sonnenfeldt of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger)
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 294, Agency Files, USIA—Vol. III—1971 [Jan–Dec 1971] [1 of 2]. Confidential. Sent for information. All brackets are in the original. There is no indication that Kissinger saw the memorandum.
141. Options Paper Prepared by the Inter-Agency Youth Committee Subcommittee on Foreign Students in the United States
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, Office of the Assistant Secretary, Subject Files of Assistant Secretary John Richardson, 1968–1976, Lots 76D186 and 78D184, Entry P–242, Box 1, Reorganization 1971. Confidential. Sent to the members of the Inter-Agency Youth Committee.
142. Memorandum From the Youth Adviser, Program Coordination Staff, Office of Policy and Plans, United States Information Agency (Meyer) to the Director for Policy and Plans (White)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Office of Policy and Plans, IOP/C Cultural and Youth Subject Files, 1955–1971, Entry UD–90, Box 4, EDX 12 Youth Program 1970. Limited Official Use. Drafted by Meyer and Glazer. Sent through Joyce, who did not initial the memorandum. Copies were sent to Inman and Cecere.
143. Memorandum From the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs (Brown) to the Acting Director of the United States Information Agency (White)
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 294, Agency Files, USIA—Vol. III—1971 [Jan–Dec 1971] [1 of 2]. Confidential. Eliot sent the memorandum to Kissinger under an August 19 memorandum, writing: “It is true that in view of the continued anti-American propaganda emerging from Peking, release of this film might be argued to be only a reasonable ‘tit for tat.’ However, the Department believes its release could not improve the prospects for success of the President’s visit and it might do real harm.” (Ibid.)
144. Letter From the Director of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (Read) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger)
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 409, Subject Files, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Vol. II [Nov 69–Jan 70]. No classification marking. Holdridge sent the letter to Kissinger under an August 4 covering memorandum, commenting: “Mr. Read’s basic argument is that any such scholars would find it almost impossible to work in a university environment because they would either be lionized or picketed. However, in the relatively calm environment of the Woodrow Wilson Center they could work with less pressure and yet be close to the centers of American Government.” (Ibid.) Holdridge also attached, as Tab A, a draft letter from Kissinger to Read and suggested that Kissinger sign it. In response to the draft letter, Kissinger wrote on Holdridge’s covering memorandum: “Be a little more encouraging ‘When it opens up will keep it very much in mind.’” (Ibid.) Kissinger’s signed letter to Read, dated September 7, is ibid.
145. Memorandum From the Chairman of the NSC Under Secretaries Committee (Irwin) to President Nixon
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, Office of the Assistant Secretary, Subject Files of Assistant Secretary John Richardson, 1968–1976, Lots 76D186 and 78D184, Entry P–242, Reorganization 1971. Secret. Another copy is ibid., RG 306, Director’s Subject Files, 1968–1972, Entry A1–42, Box 28, 1972 OGA—State/CU (Jan.–June) Secret. Richardson transmitted a copy of the memorandum to the President and a copy of the international exchanges study to Irwin under a July 21 action memorandum, in which he summarized the principal findings and recommendations of the study. Richardson recommended that Irwin approve, as the Department of State’s position, option E of the report, which would establish an Inter-Departmental Exchange Group, adding: “I select this alternative because it offers the most authoritative means for reconciling agency views sufficiently to permit progress toward working out a Government-wide approach to the better utilization of U.S. Government exchange resources.” According to a stamped date below his handwritten initials, Irwin approved this recommendation on August 13. (Ibid., RG 59, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, Office of the Assistant Secretary, Subject Files of Assistant Secretary John Richardson, 1968–1976, Lots 76D186 and 78D184, Entry P–242, Box 1, Reorganization 1971)
146. Memorandum From the Assistant Director, East Asia and Pacific, United States Information Agency (Reinhardt) to the Director (Shakespeare)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Director’s Subject Files, 1968–1972, Entry A1–42, Box 21, OGA—The President’s Trip to China and all documents relating to USIA/State coverage. Secret. Copies were sent to Loomis and White. Loomis initialed the top right-hand corner of the memorandum twice.
147. Memorandum From John H. Holdridge of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger)
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 294, Agency Files, USIA—Vol. III—1971 [Jan–Dec 1971] [1 of 2]. Secret. Sent for action. Haig initialed the top right-hand corner of the memorandum, as did Janka, Saunders, and Sonnenfeldt. Kissinger wrote “Al—call USIA & follow up with directive. HK” at the top of the first page of the memorandum. Haig wrote “THRU HAIG (FOR ACTION—CALL) and drew an arrow from it to Holdridge’s name in the “from” line. In an August 24 typewritten note to Kissinger, Haig indicated: “I have spoken to Frank Shakespeare about the Tibet film. He will not release it, of course, without our approval. On the other hand, I agree with him that we should not refuse the use of it without having the opportunity to at least review it.” He continued: “Rather than open you and the staff to charges of overkill, I have agreed with Frank to view the film when it is completed and to withhold final judgment until that time. In the interim Frank will make no plans or undertake any steps to release the film which is just about completed. It would be inappropriate to cancel what remains to be done on the film since the bulk of the costs have already been incurred.” Kissinger initialed his approval of Haig’s recommendation. (Ibid.)
148. Memorandum From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Shakespeare) to all USIA Public Affairs Officers
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Director’s Subject Files, 1968–1972, Entry A1–42, Box 22, FPD—General 1971. No classification marking.
149. Memorandum From the Deputy Assistant Director, Office of the Assistant Director, East Asia and Pacific, United States Information Agency (Southard) to the Director (Shakespeare)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Director’s Subject Files, 1968–1972, Entry A1–42, Box 22, REA—Public Opinion Research 1971. Limited Official Use. Copies were sent to Loomis, Towery, and Roberts.
150. Memorandum From the Director, Office of Cultural Presentation, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, Department of State (Lewis) to the Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs (Richardson)
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, Office of the Assistant Secretary, Subject Files of Assistant Secretary John Richardson, 1968–1976, Lots 76D186 and 78D184, Entry P–242, Box 2, Cultural Presentation Program CU/CP 1971. Confidential. Sent through Irving. Next to Richardson’s name in the addressee line, Irving wrote: “for info—no action now required. FI.” In the top right-hand corner of the memorandum, Irving wrote: “JR Jr. . . I took action. . . Ted Eliot phoned NSC. . . OK to sign contract but not have them appear in Moscow when President there. . . but Pres may possibly call them in from [unclear] to play if he so desires. FI 12/1.” Richardson wrote “OK JR 12/2” to the left of Irving’s notation.