Public Diplomacy, 1969–1972
151. Circular Airgram From the United States Information Agency to all Principal USIS Posts
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Director’s Subject Files, 1968–1972, Entry A1–42, Box 21, PPL—General 1971. Confidential. Drafted by Hoffman on November 30; cleared by Shakespeare, Dillon, McGinley, Gildner, Lee, Pistor, Jenkins, and Southard; approved by Towery. Hoffman initialed for the clearing officials. Loomis also initialed his clearance. Sent via pouch.
152. Memorandum From the Assistant Director, Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, United States Information Agency (Jenkins) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Director’s Subject Files, 1968–1972, Entry A1–42, Box 28, 1972 OGA—President’s Moscow Trip. Secret. Drafted by Jenkins on December 6; concurred in by Shakespeare and Loomis. Copies were sent to Shakespeare, Loomis, and Towery. Draft copies were sent to Reed, Dickson, and Drechsler. In a January 6, 1972, memorandum to Shakespeare, Kissinger responded: “I appreciate your suggestions concerning the President’s activities when he visits the USSR next May. We will keep your suggestions in mind as the planning progresses. It is still somewhat early to decide his schedule in any detail.” (Ibid.)
153. Memorandum From the Staff Assistant to the President (Gergen) to the Counsel to the President for Congressional Relations (MacGregor) and the President’s Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs (Haig)
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 815, Name Files, Senator Fulbright [1 of 3]. Administratively Confidential.
154. National Security Decision Memorandum 143
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, NSC Institutional Files (H-Files), Box H–241, NSDM Files, NSDM 143. Confidential. Copies were sent to Elliot Richardson, O’Donnell, Moorer, and Shultz. Another copy is attached as Tab B to a December 30 memorandum from Richardson to Irwin, printed as Document 156.
155. Memorandum From the Assistant Director, South Asia, United States Information Agency (Squires) to the Deputy Director (Loomis)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Director’s Subject Files, 1968–1972, Entry A1–42, Box 22, FPD—South Asia (ISA) 1971. Limited Official Use. Loomis initialed the top right-hand corner of the memorandum twice.
156. Action Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs (Richardson) to the Under Secretary of State (Irwin)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Director’s Subject Files, 1968–1972, Entry A1–42, Box 28, 1972 OGA—State/CU (Jan–June). Confidential. Drafted by Roth on December 23; cleared by Hartman. An unknown hand initialed for Hartman. Curran initialed the first page of the memorandum, as did Irwin, Veliotes, and James Williams. An unknown hand wrote “1/10” and added a checkmark underneath it.
157. Memorandum From the Chairman of the NSC Under Secretaries Committee (Irwin) to the Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs (Richardson)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Director’s Subject Files, 1968–1972, Entry A1–42, Box 28, 1972 OGA—State/CU (Jan–June). Confidential. Sent through Curran. An attached USIA Action Request indicates that a copy of the memorandum was sent to Towery. Attached as Tab A to Document 156.
158. Memorandum From John H. Holdridge of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger)
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 295, Agency Files, USIA—Vol. IV—1972 [Jan–Oct 1972] [2 of 2]. Secret. Sent for action. Haig initialed the right-hand corner of the memorandum. At the top of the memorandum, an unknown hand wrote “Gen Haig” with an arrow pointing toward it. Haig sent the memorandum to Kissinger under a March 14 covering note, writing: “Henry: I told Shakespeare to hold up on release until after Moscow Summit. In this way, we will avoid interference of U.S. anti-PRC attitudes which could lessen Soviet concerns.” At the bottom of the covering note, Kissinger wrote: “Do memo for Pres. I see no point in this film.” Haig wrote Holdridge’s name above Kissinger’s handwritten note and drew an arrow from it to the note. (Ibid.) For the memorandum to the President, see Document 169.
159. Transcript of a Telephone Conversation Between the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) and the Director of the United States Information Agency (Shakespeare)
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, Kissinger Telephone Conversations, Chronological File, Box 12, January 15–24, 1972. No classification marking.
160. Memorandum From Leslie Janka of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger)
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 295, Agency Files, USIA—Vol. IV—1972 [Jan–Oct 1972] [2 of 2]. Confidential. All brackets are in the original. Kissinger wrote “OBE HK” in the top right-hand corner of the memorandum. Haig wrote “Thru Haig” and drew an arrow from it to Janka’s name in the “from” line. An unknown hand crossed out “Thru Haig.”
161. Memorandum From the President’s Special Assistant (Scali) to President Nixon
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, White House Special Files, Staff Member and Office Files, John A. Scali, Subject Files, Box 3, Chinese Table Tennis Team April 21, 1971 [4 of 4]. No classification marking. Printed from an unsigned and uninitialed copy.
162. Circular Telegram From the United States Information Agency to all USIS Posts and Multiple Addressees
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Director’s Subject Files, 1968–1972, Entry A1–42, Box 28, 1972 OGA—President’s China Trip. Limited Official Use; Priority. Drafted by Chase and Izenberg; cleared by Towery, Hoffman, Crane, Peterson, Bradshaw, Rugh, Arnold Hanson, Jellison, and Dillon and in substance by Holdridge and Alfred Le S. Jenkins (EA/ACA); approved by Monsen. With the exception of Towery, who initialed his clearance, Chase and Izenberg initialed for the clearing officials. Sent to all USIS posts and Berlin, Montreal, Moscow, Toronto, USUN, CINCPAC, and liaison offices USCAR. Sent via telegraph.
163. Letter From the Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee (Fulbright) to the Director of the United States Information Agency (Shakespeare)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Associate Directorate for Programs, Subject Files of Basic Operating Documents, Entry P–100, Basic Documents 1972. No classification marking. Kopp sent a copy of the memorandum to Towery under an attached March 16 routing slip. (Ibid.) Hoffman initialed the top right-hand corner of the memorandum.
164. Memorandum From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Shakespeare) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger)
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 306, Agency Files, Voice of America. No classification marking. Attached as Tab B to a March 31 memorandum from Holdridge to Kissinger, in which Holdridge wrote: “Mr. Shakespeare asks that at an appropriate time we ask the PRC, as a matter of ‘equity and fairness,’ to eliminate the jamming.” Holdridge recommended that Kissinger sign the attached draft reply to Shakespeare, attached as Tab A to the March 31 memorandum. (Ibid.) In the memorandum to Shakespeare, dated April 4, Kissinger responded: “I can assure you that we will bear this problem [jamming] in mind as we proceed with our discussions with PRC representatives, and will, if an appropriate occasion develops, raise the matter with them.” (Ibid.)
165. Memorandum From the President’s Special Assistant (Scali) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger)
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, White House Special Files, Staff Member and Office Files, John A. Scali, Subject Files, Box 5, Kissinger. No classification marking. A copy was sent to Ziegler.
166. Memorandum From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Shakespeare) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger)
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 306, Agency Files, Voice of America. Secret. Kissinger initialed the top right-hand corner of the memorandum. Shakespeare sent the memorandum to Kissinger under an undated handwritten note, commenting: “Henry—There is a closely held report on transmitter construction in the USSR that is very relevant to this memo. F.” (Ibid.) Attached as Tab B to a March 16 covering memorandum from Sonnenfeldt to Kissinger, in which Sonnenfeldt stated that Shakespeare had asked for “authorization to discuss with foreign governments plans for replacement and modernization of VOA facilities that will be necessary over the next several years. The cost, he estimates, will be about $75 million. He is not asking for the money yet, but only wants to have conducted some negotiations with the host countries in advance.” Sonnenfeldt continued: “I see no problems with this, except that your reply should not be construed as an approval of the funds. (I am trying to run down the ‘intelligence’ Shakespeare refers to in his covering note.).” He requested that Kissinger sign an attached memorandum, dated March 18. In the March 18 memorandum to Shakespeare, Kissinger noted: “Your plans for modernization create no problems that I am aware of.” (Ibid.)
167. Letter From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Shakespeare) to the Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee (Fulbright)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Associate Directorate for Programs, Subject Files of Basic Operating Documents, Entry P–100, Basic Documents 1972. No classification marking. Kopp sent a copy of the letter to Towery under an attached routing slip. (Ibid.) Another attached IOP routing slip indicates that copies were sent to Towery, Hoffman, and Hartry.
168. Memorandum From Helmut Sonnenfeldt of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger)
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 295, Agency Files, USIA—Vol. IV—1972 [Jan–Oct 1972] [2 of 2]. Confidential. Sent for action. Haig initialed the memorandum. He also wrote “THRU HAIG” and drew a line from it to Sonnenfeldt’s name in the “from” line. An unknown hand crossed this out. Janka also initialed the top right-hand corner of the memorandum.
169. Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Nixon
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 295, Agency Files, USIA—Vol. IV—1972 [Jan–Oct 1972] [2 of 2]. Secret. Sent for action. Printed from an unsigned and uninitialed copy. Holdridge sent the memorandum to Kissinger under an April 3 memorandum, recommending that Kissinger sign the draft memorandum to Nixon. At the bottom of the memorandum, Haig wrote: “Just tell USIA NO. Don’t put in writing. If you need help I’ll do it. Al.” (Ibid.)
170. Letter From President Nixon to the President of the United States Table Tennis Association (Steenhoven)
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, White House Special Files, Staff Member and Office Files, John A. Scali, Subject Files, Box 3, Chinese Table Tennis Team April 21, 1971 [1 of 4]. No classification marking. Under an April 10 memorandum, Kissinger and Scali sent Nixon a copy of the proposed letter. They wrote: “The release of this letter would serve to underline your personal interest in this tour, without interfering in its private nature. It would thus be a useful signal both to the groups hosting the Chinese and to the Chinese themselves, and it should help improve the climate of the reception afforded the team by the American public.” Kissinger and Scali recommended that the President approve the public release of the letter to Steenhoven. Next to this recommendation, an unknown hand wrote: “Per Ron Ziegler—if anyone is to release letter—Steenhoven should—not WH.” (Ibid.) Earlier, in a March 23 memorandum to Haig, Scali and Solomon recommended that Nixon send a personal letter to Steenhoven, explaining that the letter “will give Steenhoven and his organization a bit of face; and by making explicit the White House backstopping of the tour, it will enable Steenhoven and the NCUSCR to handle any criticism from within their own ranks that the government is taking over their organizations in a clandestine manner. (We are now working out liaison arrangements with these two groups on a cooperative and confidential basis.).” (Ibid.)
171. Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Nixon
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 992, Haig Chronological File, Haig Chron—May 1–20 1972 [1 of 2]. Secret; Sensitive. Sent for information. Haig initialed for Kissinger.
172. Memorandum From A. Denis Clift of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger)
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 295, Agency Files, USIA—Vol. IV—1972 [Jan-Oct 1972] [2 of 2]. Confidential. Sent for action. Howe and Rodman initialed the top right-hand corner of the memorandum. Kissinger wrote “Hold for” on the first page of the memorandum. An unknown hand wrote “HAIG for signature” at the top of the memorandum.
173. Memorandum From the President’s Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs (Haig) to the Acting Director of the United States Information Agency (Loomis)
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 295, Agency Files, USIA—Vol. IV—1972 [Jan-Oct 1972] [2 of 2]. Confidential.
174. Memorandum Prepared in the United States Information Agency
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Director’s Subject Files, 1968–1972, Entry A1–42, Box 28, 1972 OGA—Bicentennial Comm. No classification marking. No drafting information appears on the memorandum. Addressed to Mahoney. Shakespeare sent a copy of the memorandum to Garment under an undated covering memorandum. (Ibid.)
175. Memorandum From the Chairman of the USIA/CU Ad Hoc Bicentennial Planning Committee (Winks) to the Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs (Richardson) and the Deputy Director of the United States Information Agency (Loomis)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Director’s Subject Files, 1968–1972, Entry A1–42, Box 28, 1972 PPL—Program Coordination. No classification marking. Loomis initialed the top right-hand corner of the memorandum twice. In a September 29 letter to Loomis, Winks expressed his thanks for USIA and CU leadership at the Airlie House Conference, adding: “I felt that the conference went well, and I have high expectations for at least some of the recommendations.” (Ibid.) Dunlap responded to Winks in an October 12 letter, thanking him for his “kind note” and explaining that Loomis had departed USIA on September 29 to take up his new position as President of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. Dunlap indicated that he would send Loomis a copy of Winks’s letter and Dunlap’s reply. (Ibid.)
176. Memorandum From the Chairman of the NSC Under Secretaries Committee (Irwin) to President Nixon
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Office of the Director, Office of Public Information, Records Relating to a Study of International Exchange Programs, 1970–1975, Entry A1–37, Box 1, 143—Youth Project. Secret. Weiss sent a copy of the memorandum to Rush, Kissinger, Helms, Moorer, Veneman, O’Donnell, David, Shakespeare, and Hannah under an October 12 memorandum. (Ibid.)
177. Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs (Nutter) and the Deputy Director for Policy and Plans, United States Information Agency (Towery) to Secretary of Defense Laird and the Director of the United States Information Agency (Shakespeare)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Associate Directorate for Programs, Subject Files of Basic Operating Documents, Entry P–100, Basic Documents 1972. No classification marking. The date on the memorandum is stamped.
178. Action Memorandum From the Director of the Art in Embassies Program, Department of State (Thompson) to Secretary of State Rogers
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Director’s Subject Files, 1968–1972, Entry A1–42, Box 28, 1972 OGA—State (Sept.–Dec). No classification marking. An attached USIA Action Request slip indicates that copies were sent to Shakespeare, Schneidman, and Towery and additional copies were sent to Winkler, Crane, Jenkins, Carter, Pistor, Austin, Sivard, and Gildner. The Department’s Art in Embassies staff (A/ART) was located under the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Operations, Bureau of Administration.
179. Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to the Director of the United States Information Agency (Shakespeare)
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 306, Agency Files, Voice of America. Confidential. Kennedy and Holdridge sent the memorandum to Kissinger under an October 23 memorandum, stating: “VOA has done a first-rate job broadcasting to North Vietnam in support of the psywar campaign directed by the President. Early in the campaign Frank Shakespeare diverted personnel and other resources toward the North Vietnam target, away from other areas, to make certain VOA broadcasts would have the impact on the North Vietnamese that the President’s directions called for. The contents of VOA programs have been imaginatively worked out to keep pressure on the DRV. We believe that the DRV reaction to these broadcasts is proof of their effectiveness.” (Ibid.)
180. Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to the Chairman of the NSC Under Secretaries Committee (Irwin)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Office of the Director, Office of Public Information, Records Relating to a Study of International Exchange Programs, 1970–1975, Entry A1–37, Box 1, 143—Youth Project. Secret.