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Sources

Sources for Foreign Relations, 1917–1972, Volume VIII, Public Diplomacy, 1969–1972

The Presidential papers of Richard M. Nixon, housed at the Richard M. Nixon Presidential Library and formally housed at the National Archives and Records Administration, are a key source of high-level decision making documentation on public diplomacy. A number of collections are relevant to research in this area. Within the National Security Council Files, the most useful collections are the Agency Files, Subject Files, Name Files, Haig Chronological File, and the Kissinger Telephone Conversation transcripts.

The National Archives and Records Administration also houses essential high-level documentation on the implementation and management of public diplomacy during the Nixon administration. Within the Department of State Record Group 59, the records of the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs are especially significant, as they contain the files of the Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs as well as the records of the Advisory Commission on International Educational and Cultural Affairs. In addition, the Subject-Numeric Indexed Central Files for 1967-1969 and 1970-1973 include a variety of documentation on cultural programming and educational and cultural exchanges. Of great importance is Record Group 306, the records of the United States Information Agency. These collections yield a substantial amount of documentation on USIA’s organizational structure, as well as on program development, implementation, and evaluation. The USIA Historical Collection includes Subject Files (containing records relating to USIA function, mission, organization, and programs compiled by former USIA archivist Martin Manning), Office of the Director Files (containing biographical material on USIA senior personnel and major speeches), and Reports and Studies Files. The Records of the Office of Policy and Plans contain both subject files and general subject files. The Office of the Director Files (separate from those contained within the USIA Historical Collection) also include detailed subject files. The Office of Research files contain a variety of USIA printed products, including the Research Reports and the Special Reports. The Office of Research and Evaluation files contain program files, while the Office of Research and Assessment files include documentation relating to the Advisory Commission on Information and the Advisory Commission on International Educational and Cultural Affairs.

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Unpublished Sources

  • Department of State
    • Central Files. See National Archives and Records Administration, below.
  • National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Maryland
    • Record Group 59, Records of the Department of State
      • Subject-Numeric Indexed Central Files, 1967-69 and 1970-73
        • CUL 8: Culture; Fairs, Exhibits, and Displays
        • CUL 14: Culture; Music
        • CUL 16: Culture; Cultural Presentations
        • CUL 16 US: Culture; Cultural Presentations, United States
        • EDX 1 US: Education and Cultural Exchange; General Policy, Plans, Coordination, United States
        • EDX 1-1: Education and Cultural Exchange; Country Program Plans, Allocations
        • EDX 4 US-USSR: Education and Cultural Exchange; Agreements, United States and Soviet Union
        • EDX AFR-US: Education and Cultural Exchange; United States and Africa
        • EDX US-USSR: Education and Cultural Exchange; United States and Soviet Union
        • INF 2 VIET S: Information; Reports and Statistics, South Vietnam
      • Lot Files
        • Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, Office of the Assistant Secretary, Subject Files of Assistant Secretary John Richardson: Entry P–242, Lots 76D186 and 78D184
    • Record Group 306, Records of the United States Information Agency
      • Associate Directorate for Programs
        • Subject Files of Basic Operating Documents: Entry P-100
      • Executive Committee, E/CLS Files, ExComm: Entry UD-112
      • Executive Committee General Files: Entry UD UP-005
      • Historical Collection
        • Records Relating to Select USIA Programs, 1953-1999: Entry A1-1061
        • Subject Files, 1953-2000: Entry A1-1066
        • Office of the Director, Biographic Files Relating to USIA Directors and Other Senior Officials, 1953-2000: Entry A1-1069
      • Office of Administration and Management
        • Assistant Director’s Correspondence File, SUBJ 1968-1972: Entry UD-164
      • Office of the Director
        • Office of Public Information, Records Relating to a Study of International Exchange Programs, 1970-75: Entry A1-37
        • Director’s Subject Files, 1968-1972: Entry A1-42
        • Director’s Subject Files, 1961: Entry UD WW-142
      • Office of Policy and Plans
        • IOP/C Cultural and Youth Subject Files, 1955-1971: Entry UD-90
        • Policy Coordination Staff, Cultural Affairs and Youth Adviser, Subject Files, 1955-1971: Entry UD-102
        • 1963-1969, General Subject Files, 1949-1970: Entry UD-264
        • Program Coordination Staff, Subject Files, 1966-1971: Entry P-12
        • Plans and Operational Policy Staff, Office of Planning Officer, Subject Files: Entry P-207
        • Program Coordination Staff, Advisor for Science, Space, and Environment, Subject Files, 1958-1972: Entry P-243
      • Office of Research
        • Research Reports: 1960-1999: Entry P-142
        • Special Reports, 1953-1997: Entry P-160
      • Office of Research and Assessment
        • Library, Archives, Office of the Archivist, Records Relating to the Advisory Com-mission on Information, 1955-5/77: Entry P-135
        • Library, Archives, Office of the Archivist/Historian, Records Relating to the Advi-sory Commission on International Educational and Cultural Affairs, 1962-1978: Entry P 138
        • Program Files, 1970-1971: Entry P-226
      • Office of Research and Evaluation
        • Office of the Associate Director, Program Files, 1969-1978: Entry P-119
  • Nixon Presidential Materials Project, National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Maryland (now at the Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, California)
    • National Security Council (NSC) Files
      • Agency Files: United States Information Agency; Voice of America
      • Haig Chronological File
      • Kissinger Telephone Conversation Transcripts
      • Chronological File
      • Name Files
      • Subject Files:
        • East/West Center
        • Space Programs Foreign Cooperation
        • United States Advisory Commission on International Educational and Cultural Affairs
        • Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
    • National Security Council Institutional Files (H-Files)
      • National Security Decision Memoranda
    • White House Central Files
      • Staff Member and Office Files, Office of Presidential Papers and Archives, Daily Diary
      • Subject Files
        • FG 230
    • White House Special Files
      • Staff Member and Office Files: Scali Files
  • Richard M. Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, Yorba Linda, California
    • White House Central Files
      • Subject Files
        • FG 230
    • White House Staff Files
      • Staff Member and Office Files: HR Haldeman

Published Sources

  • American Revolution Bicentennial Administration. The Bicentennial of the United States of America: A Final Report to the People, vol. I. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1977.
  • American Revolution Bicentennial Commission. United States of America 1776-1976: Official Documents of the American Revolution Bicentennial Commission. Washington: American Revolution Bicentennial Commission, 1973.
  • The Chicago Tribune
  • Congress and the Nation, Volume III, 1969-1972. Washington: Congressional Quarterly, Inc., 1973.
  • Congressional Record
  • Haldeman, H.R. The Haldeman Diaries: Inside the Nixon White House. New York: GP Putnam’s Sons, 1994.
  • Heil, Alan L., Jr., Voice of America, A History. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003.
  • Improved Management Systems in the United States Information Agency, A Study Prepared by Arthur D. Little, Inc. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1970.
  • International Communication Union Secretariat. International Communication Convention; Final Protocol to the Convention; Additional Protocols to the Convention; Resolutions, Recommendation and Opinions, Montreaux, 1965. Geneva, Secretariat of the International Communication Union, n.d.
  • Kissinger, Henry. White House Years. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1979.
  • The New York Times
  • Nixon, Richard M. RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon. The Richard Nixon Library Edition. New York: Simon & Schuster Inc., 1990.
  • Sports Illustrated
  • United States Advisory Commission on Information. Twenty-Fourth Report of the United States Advisory Commission on Information, Letter From Chairman, United States Advisory Commission on Information Transmitting the Twenty-Fourth Report of the United States Advisory Commission on Information, Pursuant to the Provisions of Public Law 80-402, House Document No. 91-133, 91st Cong., 1st Sess. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1969.
  • United States Advisory Commission on International Education and Cultural Affairs. A beacon of hope—The Exchange-of-Persons Program, a report from . . . The U.S. Advisory Commission on International Education and Cultural Affairs. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1963.
  • ———. Sixth Annual Report of the U.S. Advisory Commission on International Educational and Cultural Affairs, Letter From the Chairman, the U.S. Advisory Commission on International Educational and Cultural Affairs Transmitting The Sixth Annual Report of the Commission, Pursuant to the Provisions of Public Law 87-256, 91st Congress, 1st Session, House Document No. 91-66. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1969.
  • ———. Seventh Annual Report of the U.S. Advisory Commission on International Educational and Cultural Affairs, Communication From the Chairman, the U.S. Advisory Commission on International Educational and Cultural Affairs Transmitting the Seventh Annual Report of the Commission Pursuant to the Provisions of Public Law 87-256, 91st Congress, 2d Session, House Document No. 91-316. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1970.
  • United States Department of State. American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1959. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1963.
  • ———. Bulletin. 1969-1971.
  • ———. Diplomacy for the 70’s: A Program of Management Reform for the Department of State. Publication 8551. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1970.
  • ———. United States Treaties and Other International Agreements, vol. 21, part 2, 1970. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1971.
  • U.S. Foreign Assistance in the 1970s: A New Approach—Report to the President From the Task Force on International Development. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1970.
  • United States House of Representatives. Committee on Appropriations. Departments of State, Justice, and Commerce, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1970 Hearings Before the Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations United States Senate Ninety-First Congress First Session on H.R. 12964. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1969.
  • ———. Departments of State, Justice, and Commerce, the Judiciary and Related Agencies Appropriations for 1971 Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations House of Representatives Ninety-First Congress Second Session. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1970.
  • ———. Committee on Education and Labor. To Improve Learning, A Report to the President and the Congress of the United States by the Commission on Instructional Technology, Committee Print 91-2. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1970.
  • ———. Committee on Foreign Affairs, U.S. Information Agency Operations, Part II Hearings on the U.S. Information Agency Before the Subcommittee on State Department Organization and Foreign Operations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs House of Representatives Ninety-First Congress Second Session and Ninety-Second Congress First Session July 22, 1970; September 9, 13, October 18, and 19, 1971. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1973.
  • United States Information Agency. United States Information Agency 30th Report to Congress, January-June 1968, United States. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1968.
  • ———. United States Information Agency 33rd Semiannual Report to the Congress, July-December 1969. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1970.
  • United States National Archives and Records Administration. Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: John F. Kennedy, 1961. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1962.
  • ———. Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Lyndon B. Johnson, 1968-1969. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1970.
  • ———. Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Richard M. Nixon, 1969-1972. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1971-1974.
  • ———. Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1969, vol. 5, no. 46. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1969.
  • United States Senate. America’s 200th Anniversary, Report of the American Revolutionary Bicentennial Commission, 91st Cong., 2nd sess., Document 91-76. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1970.
  • ———. Committee on Foreign Relations. Nomination of Frank J. Shakespeare, Jr., to be Director, United States Information Agency: Hearing, Ninety-First Congress, first session, January 27, 1969. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1969.
  • ———. Committee on Foreign Relations. USIA Appropriations Authorization, fiscal year 1973: Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Ninety-second Congress, second session on authorization of appropriations for the United States Information Agency, fiscal year 1973, March 20, 21, and 23, 1972. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1972.
  • The Wall Street Journal
  • The Washington Post