List of Papers

[Unless otherwise specified, the correspondence is from or to officials in the Department of State]

GREECE

Negotiations fob Funding the Greek Debt to the United States and for an Additional Loan to Greece

[Page VIII][Page IX]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1926 Dec. 27 (72)	From the Minister in Greece (tel.) Conversation in which Foreign Minister made informal suggestion for debt settlement on basis of new loan of $48,000,000, of which $30,000,000 would be used for refugee settlement work and the remaining $18,000,000 would represent principal and interest due on Greek debt to the United States; and American Minister remarked that same results would be achieved by settlement of Greek debt followed by commercial loan in American market.	1
1927 Feb. 1 (4)	From the Minister in Greece (tel.) Greek Government’s desire to learn whether American legislation regarding debt settlement is pending and what are expectations of Treasury Department, Greece having sent leading bank authorities to London for purpose of renewing negotiations with British.	2
Mar. 2 (5)	From the Minister in Greece (tel.) Report that British apparently are determined to refuse additional refugee loan until Greece consents to settlement for war materials as well as credits; opinion that American action to relieve situation by government or commercial loan would be justified on both humanitarian and economic grounds.	2
Mar. 4 (7)	To the Minister in Greece (tel.) Permission for informal statement that in case of acceptable offer by Greek Government United States would relax terms of 1918 loan agreement as to repayment and offer no objection to flotation of a commercial loan in the American market. Information that no legislation is pending; that World War Foreign Debt Commission was terminated without having made a recommendation; and that satisfactory proposals might open American market for a commercial loan.	3
Apr. 9 (21)	From the Minister in Greece (tel.) Information that Greece has reached agreement with Great Britain for debt settlement; suggestion that representations be made to Greece for no less consideration respecting U. S. debt.	4
Apr. 10 (16)	To the Minister in Greece (tel.) Instruction to inform Foreign Minister that U. S. Government (1) expects no less consideration regarding debt settlement than has been shown British Government, and (2) will not regard favorably any flotation in the United States of a loan for Greece until a debt settlement has been effected, American banking interests which have inquired as to participation with British bank in loan to Greek Government to be informed accordingly by the Department.	4
Apr. 18 (17)	To the Minister in Greece (tel.) Request for report as to reaction of Foreign Minister to representations made on basis of telegram No. 16, April 10.	4
Apr. 19 (24)	From the Minister in Greece (tel.) Foreign Minister’s promise of prompt consideration of Department’s views by Cabinet; his surprise and embarrassment upon learning that loan which British Government had agreed to support had already been offered in America.	5
Apr. 26 (20)	To the Minister in Greece (tel.) Transmittal of Department’s reply to American banking interests (text printed), stating inability to regard favorably the flotation in United States of a loan for any government having a debt to the American Government still unfunded.	5
May 14 (33)	From the Minister in Greece (tel.) Inquiry whether representations shall be made concerning guaranteed loan to be arranged in Geneva. Continued silence of Greek Government with reference to American debt settlement.	5
May 18 (21)	To the Minister in Greece (tel.) Permission to repeat U. S. point of view presented in telegram No. 7, March 4, emphasized by appropriate references to telegram No. 16, April 10.	6
June 7 (38)	From the Minister in Greece (tel.) Substance of Greek note, stating that Greece believes itself rightfully entitled to demand complete application of 1918 contract; that in agreeing with Great Britain to relinquish claim to balance of 1918 credits Greece never had impression that this would affect its American interests; that discussions will be resumed, Greece being ready to propose arbitration should insurmountable difficulties arise.	6
June 9 (219)	From the Minister in Greece Greek note of June 3 (text printed) referred to in telegram No. 38, June 7. Information that France has made no advances under 1918 contract, nor does Greece propose to request any.	7
July 18	Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Near Eastern Affairs Conversation in which Greek Minister brought up question of further U. S. advances under 1918 agreement and the Secretary of State referred to recent British debt settlement, stating that U. S. Government expected no less favorable terms, that the amount advanced did not affect principle involved, and that consideration would be given to any Greek proposals other than a proposal involving additional advances of money.	8
Aug. 10	From the Acting Secretary of the Treasury Suggestion, following informal discussion of question with Greek Minister, that an agreement along lines of that negotiated with British offers positive advantages.	9
Aug. 25 (54)	From the Chargé in Greece (tel.) Inquiry, in view of proposal of certain American interests to finance Greek engineers who are bidding on national road work, as to whether U. S. policy is still as outlined in telegram No. 20, April 26.	11
Aug. 25 (28)	To the Chargé in Greece (tel.) Reply that policy outlined in telegram No. 20, April 26, remains unchanged.	11
Sept. 12	From the Consul General at Paris (tel.) From Skinner: Statement to Paris office of National City Bank that, pending adjustment of American claim, Department is unfavorable to American participation in loan which is being arranged at Geneva.	11
Sept. 13	To the Consul General at Paris (tel.) For Skinner: Approval of statement to National City Bank.	12
Oct. 20 (34)	To the Minister in Greece (tel.) Possible terms of Greek debt settlement, providing for: Funding of present debt and interest on same basis as recent settlement with Great Britain; an additional U. S. Government loan sufficient to bring total U. S. loan to same figure as British loan under 1918 agreement, the new loan to run 15 years; reduction of loan arranged at Geneva by amount of additional U. S. loan; and the benefits of guaranties of Geneva loan to apply to new U. S. loan. Agreement to postpone consideration of 15-year provision pending investigation of Greek financial situation and ability to repay.	12
Nov. 5	From the Greek Legation Résumé of Greek economic situation.	13
Nov. 18 (37)	To the Minister in Greece (tel.) Continued opposition by Department to flotation of Greek loans, despite urgings of American interests for relaxation of policy; willingness, however, for contracts to be signed with provision for financing after completion of debt settlement.	14
Nov. 26 (38)	To the Minister in Greece (tel.) Terms of proposal which Greek Minister is telegraphing to his Government, resembling those outlined in telegram No. 34, October 20, except for 20-year period for new loan.	15
Nov. 30 (39)	To the Minister in Greece (tel.) Greek Government’s acceptance of proposal, upon condition that U. S. Government accept temporary assurance of loan service by an American representative. U. S. acceptance of condition, with understanding that representative’s control will be at least as effective as that of International Financial Commission. Approval of plan by Executive branch of Government; intention to present it to Congress when duly put in writing and signed.	15
Dec. 6	From the Under Secretary of the Treasury Treasury statement to the press, December 5 (text printed), giving background of proposed settlement and details of agreement to be recommended to Congress.	16

[Page X]

Representations To Protect American Interests From Discrimination in Concession to British Company for Tramways and Bus Lines in Athens

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Jan. 24 (1)	To the Minister in Greece (tel.) Instructions to investigate statement of Ford Motor Company that Greek Government is to grant concession to a British company for an absolute monopoly in favor of British-built chassis for motor busses between Piraeus and Athens and on streets of Athens.	19
Jan. 25 (2)	From the Minister in Greece (tel.) Information that Greek Government is considering contract giving British concern monopoly of transportation in and around Athens and certain customs privileges, and that because concessionaires are supported by direct British Government loan, they must buy British cars and supplies exclusively. Recommendation that Department approve objections Minister has already made and instruct him formally to support open-door policy.	19
Jan. 28 (2)	To the Minister in Greece (tel.) Inquiry whether proposed concession constitutes simply exclusive franchise for bus system or grants rights so comprehensive as to exclude individuals from operating motor taxi service.	20
Jan. 29	From the Minister in Greece (tel.) Information that taxis are not affected, but that provisions of contract as to freedom of competition are illusory and will result in driving out all competition.	20
Feb. 2 (3)	To the Minister in Greece (tel.) Disposition of Department not to object to exclusive franchise or customs exemptions granted by the contract; instructions, however, should contract restrict freedom of competition to such a degree as to result in exclusion of American automotive products, to make appropriate representations against such discrimination.	20
Mar. 22 (119)	From the Minister in Greece Report that representations have been material in securing waiver by British company of privilege of importing gasoline, tires, and accessories free of duty, and that some other modifications have been made in contract.	21

Representations to the Greek Government Regarding Proposed Increase in Import Duties on Wheat and Flour

[Page XI]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Feb. 11 (75)	From the Minister in Greece Consideration by special commission of Greek Chamber of proposed increase in import duty on flour; American Minister’s expression to Foreign Minister of hope that he would use influence to prevent change proposed.	22
Mar. 4 (6)	From the Minister in Greece (tel.) Introduction into Chamber of bill increasing rate of metallic drachma on imported wheat and flour as of March 2; American Minister’s representations against application of increase without notice, especially to flour afloat and on order.	23
Mar. 4 (8)	To the Minister in Greece (tel.) Request for report concerning import restrictions on flour.	23
Mar. 5 (7)	From the Minister in Greece (tel.) Report that Government proposed to increase rate of metallic drachma from 5 to 8½ as to wheat and from 6¼ to 14 as to flour, retroactive from March 2, and that protests have resulted in withdrawal of rate as to goods afloat or on order before March 1.	24
Mar. 8 (9)	From the Minister in Greece (tel.) Information that because legislative proposals apparently require exclusive use of domestic flour in breadmaking, importations of flour will virtually cease; recommendation that Department support Minister’s opposition by strong representations.	24
Mar. 10 (9)	To the Minister in Greece (tel.) Opinion that Department cannot formally oppose new regulations provided that Greece has agreed not to apply increased duties to wheat and flour on order prior to announcement of new rates and that most-favored-nation treatment is accorded American products.	24
Mar. 11 (10)	From the Minister in Greece (tel.) Report that a reduced rate of 8½ drachma will be applied to flour afloat and on order prior to March 2, and that wheat in all cases will be held liable to new rate of 8½ drachma. Inquiry whether prohibition in bill concerning specific weight of wheat would affect importations of American wheat.	25
Mar. 14 (10)	To the Minister in Greece (tel.) Information that American wheat might be excluded by weight provision; instructions to endeavor to secure modification.	25
Mar. 18 (12)	From the Minister in Greece (tel.) Foreign Minister’s statement that weight provision was not intended to discriminate against American wheat, and that he hopes to obtain amendment relieving bill of objections. The American Minister’s uncertainty of overcoming obstacles to flour importations, in view of Greek Government’s desire to build up domestic milling industry.	26

[Page XII]

GUATEMALA

Good Offices of the American Legation in Behalf of American and British Creditors of the Guatemalan Government

[Page XIII]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1926 Nov. 2 (1322)	From the Chargé in Guatemala British Minister’s desire, in view of likelihood that Guatemala may repay debt to International Railways of Central America, to ask British Foreign Office to request Department of State to instruct American Legation to urge upon Guatemalan President importance of settling British debt prior to issuance of any new bonds; American Chargé’s reply that he perceived no objection but would not be able to assist without instructions. Memorandum by British Legation (text printed) outlining history of British claim and proposals of Council of Foreign Bondholders.	27
Nov. 29 (957)	To the Minister in Guatemala Approval of Chargé’s statement reported in despatch No. 1322, November 2.	30
Dec. 27 (820)	From the British Ambassador Inquiry whether United States would be prepared to instruct American Minister in Guatemala to use good offices with a view to promoting an understanding between Guatemalan Government and the representative of the Council of Foreign Bondholders.	30
1927 Apr. 8 (22)	To the Minister in Guatemala (tel.) Reply to British Ambassador (excerpt printed), that American Minister is being instructed to assist in any proper way and to inform Guatemala that United States would be glad to see a suitable settlement. Instructions to Minister to indicate to Guatemala advantages of a satisfactory settlement but to avoid impression that United States is exerting pressure; Department’s disinclination to support pending proposals of bondholders.	31
Apr. 21 (1472)	From the Minister in Guatemala British opinion that it should be possible to effect an agreement after Legislative Assembly adjourns.	32
Apr. 29 (1479)	From the Minister in Guatemala Report concerning negotiations between International Railways and Guatemala for debt settlement; conversation with Foreign Minister in which he mentioned having received a British communication tantamount to a protest against settlement with International Railways prior to agreement with British bondholders; details of Guatemalan proposal for railway debt settlement.	33
May 4	Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Latin American Affairs Call of representatives of International Railways in which desire was expressed for settlement on basis of issuance by Guatemala of bonds to the amount of the claim, and for U. S. informal good offices in promoting a settlement.	35
May 7 (25)	To the Minister in Guatemala (tel.) Authorization to use informal good offices in International Railways matter; caution against committal as to acceptability of terms of settlement.	36
May 11 (1491)	From the Minister in Guatemala Information that American Minister, British Minister, and representative of Council of Foreign Bondholders called upon Foreign Minister and expressed desire for early settlement of British and International Railways debts, regardless of which was settled first, and that American Minister expressed attitude of Department of State that a mutually satisfactory adjustment is desirable for all parties concerned.	36
May 13 (1497)	From the Minister in Guatemala Report of progress of recent negotiations with regard to International Railways debt.	39
May 19 (1504)	From the Minister in Guatemala Signature by Guatemala and International Railways of agreement providing for issuance by Guatemala of 8 percent bonds to the company in payment of indebtedness; the Minister’s reservation of freedom regarding Department’s attitude toward terms of contract.	40
May 31 (51)	From the Minister in Guatemala (tel.) Approval of railway debt settlement by National Legislative Assembly.	42
Oct. 12 (1672)	From the Chargé in Guatemala Terms of Guatemalan proposal for settlement with British bondholders, to which President and Cabinet have given consent in principle and which it is presumed will be approved when Legislative Assembly convenes in 1928.	42
Oct. 17 (84)	From the Chargé in Guatemala (tel.) Signature by representative of British bondholders, October 15, of agreement for settlement on terms as outlined in despatch No. 1672, October 12.	43
Oct. 18	From the President of the International Railways of Central America Expression of appreciation for cooperation of Department and assistance of American Minister during negotiations leading to the settlement with Guatemala.	44

Representations to the Guatemalan Government Against Proposed Concession of Monopoly for Central American Air Line

[Page XIV]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Jan. 19 (1391)	From the Minister in Guatemala Information that Francisco Buch de Parada is in Guatemala to secure a concession in connection with proposed air line between Mexico City and San Salvador; suggestion that action by U. S. Congress providing for air service between southern United States and Puerto Barrios is highly desirable, so as to avert preemption of the aviation field in Central America.	44
Feb. 1 (7)	To the Minister in Guatemala (tel.) Instructions to ascertain who is backing Parada financially.	45
Feb. 3 (21)	From the Minister in Guatemala (tel.) Information that Parada has left for San Salvador and that his backing is thought to be the Mexican Government.	45
Feb. 4 (10)	To the Minister in Salvador (tel.) Instructions to report concerning presence of Parada in Salvador.	46
Feb. 7 (10)	From the Minister in Salvador (tel.) Information that Parada has submitted proposition to Government of Salvador.	46
Feb. 15 (13)	To the Minister in Guatemala (tel.) Instructions to make representations to Guatemalan Government against grant of any monopoly which would deny to American citizens a fair and equal opportunity to compete in commercial aviation in Guatemala.	46
Feb. 19 (1427)	From the Minister in Guatemala Note verbale from Foreign Minister, to the effect that Guatemala has turned down Parada’s proposition.	47

HAITI

Amendments to the Haitian Constitution of 1918

[Page XV][Page XVI][Page XVII]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 June 1 (1018)	From the High Commissioner in Haiti Proposed amendments to Constitution of 1918, which President Borno is submitting to National Assembly for its preliminary consideration (text printed).	48
June 15 (29)	To the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) Hope that no further action will be taken until Department has had opportunity to express opinion; instructions to so inform President Borno.	50
June 23 (962)	From the Chargé in Haiti Report that proposed amendments were published June 7; that opposition to amendment 6, which provides for 6-year presidential term and reelection, is developing.	51
June 24 (32)	To the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) Surprise, in view of U. S. obligation under treaty of 1915 to aid in maintaining a government in Haiti adequate for protection of life, property and individual liberty, that President Borno should have proceeded with amendments without a definite understanding with Department; instructions to express hope that President will seriously consider withdrawing amendment 6 and will take no action on other amendments for the present.	52
June 25 (53)	From the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) The President’s statement that steps with regard to amendments were taken in entire accord with General Russell, the High Commissioner; his understanding, which is also the Chargé’s, that amendments were discussed at Department by General Russell.	52
June 30 (37)	To the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) Regret concerning situation that has arisen from fact that amendments, although discussed at Department, were not approved, and that final draft was not received until after they had been laid before Council of State and given to press; inability to approve amendment 6, and insistence that opportunity should be given for thorough study and opinion concerning other amendments.	53
June 30 (963)	From the Chargé in Haiti Proposals by Councilors of State to amend Constitution to shorten senatorial term from 6 to 4 years and to empower the National Assembly to amend the Constitution. Petition of citizens of Gonaïves District, June 14 (text printed), protesting against amendments published June 7.	54
July 5 (62)	From the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) Memorandum by President (text printed) stating that amendments were examined and arrived at in accord with High Commissioner, and now can be withdrawn only by replacing them with a single amendment designed to restore to National Assembly its former existing right to amend the Constitution. President’s uneasiness and desire for definite expression of Department’s views.	54
July 8 (65)	From the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) President’s willingness to accede to Department’s objections to amendment 6; the Chargé’s belief that situation is favorable for withdrawal or modification, preferably the latter.	56
July 9 (41)	To the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) Department’s disposition not to object to any other amendments than Nos. 5, 6, and 9, and suppression of articles 94 to 99 of the Constitution.	56
July 12 (68)	From the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) Discussion in which President finally acceded to all the Department’s objections except as to suppression of articles 95 and 99, for which he asked reconsideration; his inability, however, to understand Department’s reasons for objections, and his continued feeling that someone in Washington studied and approved the court problem with the High Commissioner. The Chargé’s request for Department’s reaction to 7-year term without reelection suggested by President as alternative, and to proposals of Council of State reported in despatch No. 963, June 30.	57
July 14 (45)	To the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) Reiteration that Department did not approve amendments nor did anyone make any statement to General Russell which might have been interpreted as approval.	58
July 18 (46)	To the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) Exposition of Department’s objections to amendments 5, 6, and 9 and to suppression of article 99; willingness, upon receipt of report concerning end to be accomplished, to reconsider objection to article 95; reply to inquiry concerning proposals of Council of State, that there is no particular objection to shortening senatorial term, but that Department is convinced that any amendments to the Constitution should be submitted to the people.	59
July 21 (82)	From the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) The President’s consent to make a public declaration of his noncandidacy for reelection and his intention to propose a single 7-year term; his statement of the reforms to be accomplished by suppression of article 95; further factors for consideration with respect to amendment 5 and article 99.	61
July 23 (49)	To the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) Telegrams exchanged between the Department and General Russell (texts printed); the Department’s view that certain of the amendments tended toward setting up a dictatorship which would be subject to just criticism and for which the Department would have to take responsibility.	62
July 23 (50)	To the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) Inquiry whether amendment 8, giving President right to recall certain court officials, contemplates that judges can be removed before expiration of their term except by impeachment for cause; also, whether the word “forfaiture” covers all cases for which impeachment proceedings would be justified against any judge.	64
July 29 (85)	From the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) Information that impeachment is the only way a judge can be removed before the end of his term, and that “forfaiture” refers only to crime in office.	64
Aug. 16 (60)	To the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) Suggested text for amendment 6, providing for 6-year term without reelection; belief that provision should be added to amendment 8 to effect that a judge once appointed cannot be removed before expiration of term except for impeachment for cause, and belief that laws governing impeachment should be improved; instructions to propose that number of judges of Cassation Court be reduced from 11 to 5, appointed for 10 years, term of 1 judge to expire every 2 years; belief that term of other judges should be 7 years; withdrawal of objection to suppression of article 95; insistence that article 99 be retained.	65
Aug. 18 (97)	From the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) Inquiry whether Department approves of President’s contention that Legislature can explain meaning and intent of any law at the time it is passed by the Legislature.	66
Aug. 22 (98)	From the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) Further discussion, in which President’s opinions coincided in general with those of Department; his disagreement, however, with text of amendment 6, and continued desire for suppression of article 99; request for definite list of amendments which have been approved.	66
Aug. 23 (61)	To the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) Inability to withdraw objection to suppression of article 99; summary of Department’s stand on amendments, and hope that text of amendment 6 as suggested in telegram No. 60, August 16, will be accepted.	68
Aug. 25 (63)	To the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) Information that Department has now covered all points and after careful consideration does not feel able to change position with respect to various aspects as covered in the Chargé’s telegram No. 98, August 22.	69
Aug. 29 (100)	From the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) The President’s preference to withdraw amendment 6 rather than use Department text, although still preferring 6-year term. The Chargé’s comment to Department that with the exception of new wording for amendment 8 to article 89 (text printed), all amendments are now either acceptable to both parties or have been withdrawn.	70
Aug. 31 (66)	To the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) Willingness to omit amendment 6, although Department does not share President’s views concerning dangers of present provisions governing succession in case of a vacancy; instructions to urge retention in amendment 8 of 10-year term for judges of Cassation and 7 for others, and query whether number of judges of Cassation is to be reduced.	71
Sept. 5 (106)	From the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) The President’s decision not to retain amendment 6; his acceptance of 10- and 7-year terms for judges; explanation that question of reduction in number of judges will be considered when framing laws organizing magistrature.	72
Sept. 9 (112)	From the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) List of amendments which have either been agreed upon or canceled, and text of amended article 89.	73
Undated [Rec’d Sept. 9] (113)	From the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) Text of amended article E of transitory provision.	73
Sept. 26 (125)	From the High Commissioner in Haiti (tel.) Proposal of President Borno for amendment of articles 72 and 77 so as to provide for a 6–year term and that a president elected to fill a vacancy shall serve 6 years rather than until the end of the term vacated (amendments printed).	74
Oct. 1 (83)	To the High Commissioner in Haiti (tel.) Suggested wording to remove ambiguity from amended article 72 (text printed).	75
Oct. 4 (1089)	From the High Commissioner in Haiti Probability that amendments will be voted October 5, President Borno having expressed entire agreement.	75
Oct. 5 (135)	From the High Commissioner in Haiti (tel.) Desire of Council of State to further amend article 72 so as to allow President Borno to serve 6 years; President Borno’s request to Council that since there is not time to obtain Department approval they not make the desired change.	76
Oct. 12 (1095)	From the High Commissioner in Haiti Passage and approval, October 5, of proposed amendments to Haitian Constitution of 1918. (Footnote: Information that the amendments were adopted by a plebiscite held January 10–11, 1928.)	76

[Page XVIII]

Amendments to the Haitian Electoral Law of 1919

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 July 1 (38)	To the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) Inquiry as to present status of electoral law.	77
July 9 (67)	From the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) Information that electoral law has been referred to Minister of Interior for study and preparation of text reforming old law.	77
Sept. 16 (74)	To the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) Instructions to inform Haitian President that Department would like to examine proposed electoral law before it is acted upon by Council of State.	77
Sept. 17 (119)	From the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) Provisions of law modifying certain articles of electoral law of 1919, and text of amended article 62.	78
Sept. 21 (78)	To the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) Desire to give all possible assistance so that new provisions may become effective in time for 1928 elections; inability, however, to give opinion as to certain doubtful amendments, and objection to portion of amended article 62 giving local authorities right to imprison voters for reasons which do not appear very substantial.	79
Sept. 23 (122)	From the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) Modification of some amendments so as to meet U. S. objections; President’s belief that article 62 as amended is necessary.	80
Sept. 29 (128)	From the High Commissioner in Haiti (tel.) Passage of law modifying electoral law, with inclusion of article 62. The President’s willingness to make verbal agreement not to permit application of article 62 without agreement with High Commissioner, and statement that article could be canceled next year.	80

Opposition of the Haitian Government to Proposed Visit of Senator William H. King to Haiti

[Page XIX]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Mar. 8 (10)	From the High Commissioner in Haiti (tel.) Letter of Senator William H. King to president of Patriotic Union, February 22, stating plan to visit Haiti to study conditions there (text printed). President Borno’s intention, unless Senator King is visiting Haiti as a representative of the Senate, to request Department to inform him that his contemplated visit is not acceptable to Haitian Government.	81
Mar. 9 (9)	To the High Commissioner in Haiti (tel.) Information to Haitian Minister, in reply to request outlined in telegram No. 10 of March 8, that Department was without authority to interfere. Permission to so advise President Borno, adding that visit is unofficial, and that more might be gained by admitting Senator King than by preventing his visit.	81
Mar. 12	From Senator William H. King (tel.) Inquiry whether Department approves Haitian official notice received by Senator King in Porto Rico that access to territory of Haiti is denied him.	82
Mar. 12	To the Governor of Porto Rico (tel.) Communication for transmission to Senator King (text printed), regretting Haitian action, but recognizing that right of a person to enter is a domestic question with which another country has no legal right to interfere and stating that the Department does not see what further action it can take if Haitian Government insists on refusing entrance to Senator King.	83
Mar. 17 (17)	From the Chargé in Haiti (tel.) Information that incident appears closed, Senator King having decided not to enter Haiti.	83

Disinclination of the Department of State To Support the British Government in Claims Against Haiti Rejected by the Haitian Claims Commission

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Feb. 15 (950)	From the High Commissioner in Haiti British appeal to the Haitian Government from decisions of Haitian Claims Commission in three cases involving claims of British subjects for destruction of property during revolutions in Haiti.	84
Mar. 16 (191)	From the British Ambassador Request for assurance that U. S. Government will take no action to deter Haitian Government from recognizing the claims in question.	84
Apr. 2	To the British Ambassador Reply that, in absence of complete knowledge of the facts, Department is not prepared to state what reply it would make should Haiti request its advice.	85
Apr. 8 (241)	From the British Ambassador Impression that Department was familiar with details of the claims in question; request for expression of attitude U. S. Government intends to adopt.	86
July 13	To the British Ambassador Information that the claims have not been brought to Department’s attention by Financial Adviser of Haiti; opinion that it would be premature to assume any attitude with regard to a matter concerning which Haitian Government may never seek advice.	87
Nov. 7	Memorandum by the Assistant to the Under Secretary of State Résumé of Department’s attitude regarding the claims in question, and report of informal explanation to British Embassy official of reasons which led Department to take the position expressed in note of July 13.	88

[Page XX]

HONDURAS

Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Consular Rights Between the United States and Honduras, Signed December 7, 1927

Date and number	Subject	Page
1926 July 12 (25)	To the Minister in Honduras (tel.) Inquiry whether Honduras is willing to begin negotiations with United States for a treaty of friendship, commerce and consular rights providing for unconditional most-favored-nation treatment, to supersede treaty of 1864.	92
July 20 (44)	From the Minister in Honduras (tel.) Willingness of Honduras to enter into proposed negotiations.	92
July 28 (77)	To the Minister in Honduras Transmittal of copies of draft treaty, with statement designed to make clear U. S. position concerning general features and respecting various provisions.	93
Aug. 14 (50)	From the Minister in Honduras (tel.) Submittal of draft treaty to Foreign Office.	94
1927 June 22	Memorandum by the Assistant to the Solicitor Conversation in which American Minister to Honduras stated that Honduras wished to have exceptions added to article 7 in respect of commercial arrangements with other Central American countries and to article 11 in respect of coasting trade, similar to the exceptions included in U. S. treaty with Salvador.	94
Aug. 16 (181)	To the Minister in Honduras Acceptance of exceptions desired by Honduras, with explanation of differences between text of draft now being negotiated with Honduras and text signed with Salvador; also explanation of most-favored-nation clause regarding commercial travelers.	95
Sept. 9 (442)	From the Minister in Honduras Report covering further negotiations concerning wording of treaty, and transmittal of copy containing all changes which have been agreed to.	99
Oct. 19 (198)	To the Minister in Honduras Transmittal of copies of treaty for signature.	100
Dec. 7 (75)	From the Minister in Honduras (tel.) Signature of treaty.	100
Dec. 7	Treaty Between the United States of America and Honduras Of friendship, commerce and consular rights.	101

Supplementary Extradition Convention Between the United States and Honduras, Signed February 21, 1927

[Page XXI]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1926 Sept. 17 (89)	To the Minister in Honduras Instructions for negotiating a convention to supplement the existing extradition convention of January 15, 1909, by providing for extradition for (1) violation of the narcotic laws and (2) infractions of the customs laws or ordinances which may constitute crimes.	115
Oct. 9 (60)	From the Minister in Honduras (tel.) Agreement by Honduras to supplementary convention as submitted; request for full powers and instructions. (Footnote: Information that full powers were transmitted with instruction No. 101, October 20, 1926.)	116
1927 Feb. 21	Supplementary Extradition Convention Between the United States of America and Honduras For enlarging the list of offenses on account of which extradition may be granted.	116

ITALY

Destruction of the Hydroplane of Commander De Pinedo at Roosevelt Dam, Arizona

[Page XXII]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Mar. 19	To the Italian Ambassador Information that copies of Ambassador’s note of March 14 giving itinerary of Commander De Pinedo’s hydroplane have been transmitted to officials concerned, with a view to extension of the usual courtesies and facilities.	119
Apr. 7	To the Italian Ambassador Regret concerning accident which resulted in destruction of Commander De Pinedo’s hydroplane at Roosevelt Dam; offer of all possible assistance in assembling new plane upon its arrival in United States.	119
Apr. 7 (47)	From the Ambassador in Italy (tel.) Information that American Ambassador has telegraphed Mussolini expressing regret for destruction of hydroplane.	120
Apr. 8 (1211)	From the Ambassador in Italy Exchange of telegrams (texts printed) in which Ambassador expressed regret, promising a thorough investigation, and Mussolini stated that Italy saw no connection whatsoever between the incident and the fact that it took place on U. S. territory. Suggestion that in view of anti-Fascist sentiment in United States, special attention be given to protecting the flyer.	120
Apr. 8 (29)	To the Ambassador in Italy (tel.) Statement of De Pinedo that tragedy could in no way be connected with a plot against Fascism; instructions to try to dispel any misapprehensions that may have arisen from charges of sabotage.	122
Apr. 8	From Mr. S. E. Stretton, Substation Superintendent, to Mr. F. J. Paine, District Sales Manager, Standard Oil Company of California Detailed report of refueling of seaplane, indicating that blame for destruction should be placed solely upon Italian crew.	123
Apr. 9 (51)	From the Ambassador in Italy (tel.) Information that in the light of De Pinedo’s statement which has been published in Italy it is generally understood that accident had no anti-Fascist connection.	125
June 17 (82)	From the Ambassador in Italy (tel.) Extension of congratulations to Mussolini upon De Pinedo’s return from air voyage. (Footnote: Information that flyer had continued his flight in another plane sent from Italy.)	125

Activities of Uniformed Fascist Organizations in the United States

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Oct. 24 (1442)	From the Ambassador in Italy Extract from official bulletin of Fascist League of North America, October 1 (text printed), quoting (1) Mussolini’s message requesting Italians in United States to preserve a double sense of honor: respect for America and for the prestige of Italy; and (2) oath required of League’s members.	125
Nov. 26	Memorandum by the Assistant Secretary of State Conversation in which Italian Ambassador said that Mussolini had issued orders to all Fascist organizations not to march in uniform in foreign countries and that he wanted it known that persons marching in uniform would do so contrary to the advice of the Italian Government.	128

Representations by the Italian Ambassador Regarding Newspaper Attacks in the United States Against the Italian Government

[Page XXIII]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Apr. 11	From the Italian Ambassador Representations concerning attack by a New York newspaper against King of Italy, and inquiry as to measures U. S. Government will think it advisable to adopt.	129
July 14	From the Italian Ambassador Representations concerning further attacks by New York newspapers against King of Italy.	129
July 19	To the Italian Ambassador Information that inquiry discloses that article referred to in Ambassador’s note of April 11 is not unmailable under U. S. laws nor does its publication constitute infringement of any Federal statute; promise to communicate substance of reply to inquiry addressed to New York State authorities for an opinion as to whether article is actionable under any of the statutes of that State. (Footnote: No final reply from New York State authorities appears in files.)	130
July 29	To the Italian Ambassador Regret concerning publication of material enclosed with note of July 14; opinion, however, that there would be no likelihood of successful prosecution under U. S. laws.	130
1928 Jan. 4	From the Italian Ambassador Representations concerning editorial published December 8, 1927 (excerpt printed) containing incitement to murder King of Italy.	131
Jan. 12	To the Italian Ambassador Repetition of regret and opinion expressed in note of July 29, 1927.	131

LATVIA

Agreement Between the United States and Latvia Regarding Mutual Recognition of Ship Measurement Certificates

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Dec. 12 (4934)	From the Minister in Latvia Notes by which Latvia and United States agree to mutual recognition of U. S. and Latvian ship measurement certificates, effective in Latvia November 15 and in United States November 9 (texts printed).	133

LIBERIA

Assumption by the Department of State of Functions Allotted to It in Agreements Between the Firestone Interests and the Liberian Government

[Page XXIV][Page XXV]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Jan. 28	From Messrs. Shearman & Sterling Inquiry whether Department will undertake obligations imposed by loan agreement of September 1, 1926, between Liberia, Finance Corporation of America, and National City Bank of New York as Fiscal Agent.	136
Mar. 3	To Messrs. Shearman & Sterling Information that Liberian Government is being advised that obligations imposed by loan agreement will be assumed by Department upon retirement of bonds issued under 1912 agreement.	136
Mar. 4 (334)	To the Chargé in Liberia Note for presentation to Liberian Government (text printed) giving assurance that obligations imposed by new loan agreement will be assumed upon retirement of bonds issued under 1912 agreement.	138
Mar. 22	From Mr. Harvey S. Firestone, Jr., to the Liberian Secretary of State Transmittal of text of agreement No. 2 (planting agreement), as ratified by Liberian Legislature, November 10, 1926, and now executed by Firestone Plantations Company, with expressions of appreciation for cooperation and courtesies extended by Liberia during negotiations.	140
Mar. 24	From Mr. Harvey S. Firestone, Jr. Transmittal of planting agreement, with inquiry concerning approval of arbitration provision and willingness of Department to act when called on in the matter of arbitration.	141
Apr. 12	To Mr. Harvey S. Firestone, Jr. Willingness of Department to assume functions allotted under arbitration provision in agreement No. 2.	141
Apr. 13 (341)	To the Chargé in Liberia Instructions to inform Liberian Government in writing of Department’s willingness to assume functions allotted under arbitration provision in agreement No. 2.	142
May 5 (Dip. 463)	From the Chargé in Liberia Discussion between Chargé and Liberian Secretary of State concerning Liberian reply of April 25 (text printed) to note presented in accordance with Department’s instruction No. 334 of March 4, and Liberian misunderstanding of Department’s purpose in referring to refundment of 1912 debt.	142
May 6 (16)	To the Chargé in Liberia (tel.) Explanation that no reflection upon good faith of Liberian Government was intended; instructions to make necessary explanation to dispel all misunderstanding.	144
May 7	From Mr. Harvey S. Firestone, Jr., to Mr. Harvey S. Firestone Transmittal of loan agreement, with résumé of negotiations and of arrangements made to carry out transition, July 1, 1927, from loan agreement of 1912 to new loan agreement.	144
May 10 (24)	From the Chargé in Liberia (tel.) Assurance that any misunderstanding concerning Department’s position has been dispelled.	147
May 21	From Mr. Harvey S. Firestone, Jr., to Mr. Harvey S. Firestone Transmittal of agreements Nos. 1 and 2, with résumé of negotiations leading to their execution.	147
July 5	From Messrs. Shearman & Sterling Letter from National City Bank of New York to Finance Corporation of America, July 1 (text printed), stating that 1912 bonds have been called for redemption. Assumption that Department is prepared to recognize new loan agreement as in full force and effect.	150
July 14	To Messrs. Shearman & Sterling Information that, in view of provision made for payment of 1912 bonds and the payment of Liberian debt to United States effected July 6, U. S. Government is pleased to accept responsibilities allotted under new agreement.	151
July 14	To President Coolidge Text of articles defining responsibilities under new loan agreement, and recommendation that Sidney de la Rue be designated Financial Adviser.	152
July 18	From the Secretary to the President Approval by President of designation of Sidney de la Rue as Financial Adviser.	156
July 29 (23)	To the Chargé in Liberia (tel.) Note for presentation to Liberian Secretary of State (text printed) designating Sidney de la Rue for appointment as Financial Adviser.	156
Aug. 9 (Dip. 499)	From the Chargé in Liberia Report that note was presented August 2; that De la Rue was formally commissioned June 27; and that his letter of acceptance, August 3 (text printed), transmits names of nominees for positions of Supervisor of Customs and Supervisor of Internal Revenue.	157
Aug. 20 (870/D)	From the Liberian Secretary of State to the American Chargé Information that designation of De la Rue for appointment as Financial Adviser is agreeable and acceptable to the Liberian Government.	158

Payment by the Government of Liberia of Its World War Debt to the Government of the United States

Date and number	Subject	Page
1926 Dec. 31	To the Under Secretary of the Treasury Information that article XI of the recent loan agreement between the Finance Corporation of America and Liberia (text printed) provides for payment of Liberian debt to United States, amounting to $26,000 with interest, and that the Fiscal Agent has been asked the probable date upon which the question of payment may be taken up.	159
1927 Jan. 8	To the Under Secretary of the Treasury Letter from Fiscal Agent, January 4 (extract printed), stating that answer to inquiry will be made after conference with Liberian representative who is due in New York about January 20.	161
Apr. 12	To the Secretary of the Treasury Letter from Receiver General of Customs of Liberia, April 6 (text printed), stating that certain moneys will be available for refunding and settlement of Liberia’s debts on July 1; that he has not been instructed to negotiate any reduction in the debt in question; and that he will be glad to be informed as to what will be expected with reference to closing this account, so that due provision may be made therefor.	161
Apr. 14	From the Under Secretary of the Treasury Statement of advances made and payments received from Liberia against these advances (text printed), showing total amount due as of July 6, 1927, to be $35,610.46.	162
Apr. 26 (392/M. F.)	From the Liberian Secretary of State Arrangements for settlement of Liberian debt on or about July 6, 1927.	165
July 6	Press Release Issued by the Liberian Consulate General at Baltimore Announcement of payment of Liberian debt, with remarks made by the Liberian Consul General, July 6, and letter of felicitation from the Secretary of the Treasury (texts printed).	166

[Page XXVI]

MEXICO

Good offices of the American Department of State and the British Foreign Office to induce American and British oil interests in Mexico to respect each other’s claims

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Oct. 6	To the Commercial Counselor of the British Embassy Query whether, in view of desirability of avoiding appearance of controversy between British and American oil interests, the British Minister in Mexico might be asked for a report in the matter of a request by the British-owned Aguila Company for permission to drill oil on certain American-owned lands.	169
Oct. 20	From the Commercial Counselor of the British Embassy Information that application was for exploration permit, not drilling permit, and is in accord with existing agreed procedure of Association of Oil Producers in Mexico, but that British company is willing to conform to any amendment of existing agreed procedure adopted by Association as a whole.	169
Oct. 25 (1485)	To the Chargé in Mexico Transmittal of British note of October 20, with comment that Department has no knowledge of agreement between members of Association of Oil Producers in Mexico covering procedure in question and that inquiry is being made concerning it.	170
Oct. 29 (2)	To the Ambassador in Mexico Information that agreement of Oil Producers’ Association not to apply for concessions under Petroleum Law covers only lands owned by Association members, but that Mexican Petroleum Company representative will raise question of extension to all except Mexican-owned lands and will attempt to arrange withdrawal of application for exploratory concession.	171
Nov. 30	From the British Ambassador Application by American-owned Richmond Petroleum Company for concessions on lands owned by British-owned Mexican Estates Company, not an Association member; request that Department secure assurance that Richmond Company will conform to any amendment of existing agreed procedure which may be adopted by Association as a whole.	172
Dec. 12	To the British Ambassador Information that the British and American interests are negotiating in New York to settle the Richmond Petroleum Company matter, and that the Aguila matter has been satisfactorily arranged.	173
Dec. 16	From the British Ambassador Request to be informed in due course of result of negotiations in progress in New York.	174
Dec. 31	To the British Ambassador Letter from Richmond Petroleum Company representative in New York, December 30 (extract printed), advising that Mexican Estates Company was admitted to special membership in the Association on November 22, and that minority owners of certain lands in Tonalapa, including Mexican Estates Company, are conducting negotiations with private leaseholder for adjustment of their interests.	174
1928 Jan. 12	From the British Ambassador Expression of appreciation for information supplied in letter of December 31, 1927.	175

[Page XXVII]

Protection of Rights of American Owners of Oil Lands in Mexico

[Page XXVIII]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Feb. 15	To President Coolidge Statement, in response to Senate resolution of February 3 (text printed), that no oil concession was granted by Mexico prior to May 1, 1917, American rights having been acquired by arrangements with previous owners, and under laws then existing (excerpts printed); that, of owners of oil lands acquired prior to May 1, 1917, only four have applied for confirmatory concessions, others having refused or failed to accept provisions of petroleum law; that Department has given no advice but has only supplied information as to general U. S. position respecting rights of American nationals; and that requested supplying of correspondence would not throw light on situation and might prejudice American rights in Mexico.	176
Apr. 11 (3954)	From the Ambassador in Mexico Indications that, refusal of companies to accept or apply for confirmatory concessions having been made pretext for denial of drilling permits, foreign interests are likely to drill wells without permits, or to suspend production entirely.	181
June 15 (4275)	From the Chargé in Mexico Notification issued by Department of Industry (text printed) to the effect that military escorts will prevent continued extraction of oil at all places where closing of wells is ordered for nonfulfillment of requirements of the petroleum law.	184
June 25 (4338)	From the Chargé in Mexico Information that certain companies have commenced drilling operations despite refusal of drilling permits.	185
July 14 (264)	From the Chargé in Mexico (tel.) Receipt of instructions by several of the companies mentioned in despatch No. 4338 of June 25, not to proceed with drilling operations.	185
Aug. 8 (4617)	From the Chargé in Mexico Information that decision of companies to defer drilling was influenced by several factors: By argument of Mexican counsel of Huasteca Company that to drill without permits would amount to conspiracy against the Mexican Government, by Mexican Government’s intention to prevent drilling, by onset of rainy season, and by overproduction of petroleum elsewhere.	185
Nov. 8	From the Ambassador in Mexico Report of presentation of letter of credence, October 29, and of conversations with President Calles at Santa Barbara, November 2, and at Castle of Chapultepec, November 8; the President’s statement, in conversation of November 8, upon assurance that a decision of the Supreme Court following the Texas case would remove the main difficulty in the oil dispute, that such a decision could be expected within 2 months.	187
Nov. 16	To the Ambassador in Mexico Acknowledgment of report of preliminary conversations, and assurance that nothing will be said to oil interests concerning pending Court decision.	193
Nov. 16 (27)	To the Ambassador in Mexico Importance of endeavoring to reach general agreement with Mexican Government for recognition of valid American property rights rather than to make repeated representations in individual cases; suggestion that, pending such an agreement, Mexican authorities might be prevailed upon to give assurances that no affirmative steps looking to confiscation or impairment of American property rights would be taken.	194
Nov. 17 (412)	From the Ambassador in Mexico (tel.) Decision of Supreme Court holding articles 14 and 15 of petroleum law unconstitutional.	195
Nov. 20 (418)	From the Ambassador in Mexico (tel.) Conversation in which President Calles expressed pleasure concerning Supreme Court decision and made it clear that he wished all substantial rights of the oil companies to be observed.	196
Nov. 17	Translation of Opinion in the Mexican Petroleum Company’s Suit for “Amparo” As announced by the Supreme Court of Mexico. (Footnote: Information, by despatch No. 148, December 5, from the Chargé in Mexico, that formal opinion was signed December 2.)	197

Address of President Coolidge Before United Press Association, April 25, 1927, and Comments of President Calles Thereon

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Undated	Address Delivered by President Coolidge at the Dinner of the United Press Association at New York, April 25, 1927 In which the President outlined some of the difficulties the United States has recently been trying to work out with foreign nations, especially with Mexico, and expressed the view that adjustment with Mexico would be more likely to be secured through negotiation than arbitration.	209
Apr. 27 (4031)	From the Ambassador in Mexico Questionnaire submitted to President Calles by Mexican press representatives, April 26, with regard to address of President Coolidge on April 25, and President Calles’ comments thereon (text printed).	221

Attitude of the Department of State Toward Proposals To Arbitrate Differences Arising From the Mexican Land and Petroleum Laws

[Page XXIX]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Jan. 18	Senate Resolution 327 As Submitted by Senator Joseph T. Robinson Suggesting that controversies with Mexico relating to alleged retroactive and confiscatory provisions of Mexican land and petroleum laws be submitted to arbitration.	225
Jan. 18	Press Release Issued by the Department of State Statement by the Secretary of State that for some time he had been giving consideration to question of definite application of the principle of arbitration to the existing controversy with Mexico.	226
Undated	Memorandum by the Secretary of State of a Conversation With the Chilean Ambassador, January 18, 1927 In which the Chilean Ambassador quoted the Mexican Foreign Minister and President Calles to the effect that if United States should propose arbitration, such proposal would be favorably considered by the Mexican Government.	226
Jan. 19 (25)	From the Ambassador in Mexico (tel.) Informal statement of Chief of Diplomatic Bureau that Mexican Government would not admit right of any foreign authority to pass upon the legality or validity of internal laws of Mexico, but that it would be glad to submit to arbitration concrete cases involving American rights.	227
Undated	Memorandum by the Secretary of State of a Conversation With the Chilean Ambassador, January 21, 1927 In which Chilean Ambassador said he had heard from Mexico that arbitration suggestion was very satisfactory; the Secretary’s reply that Mexican Government was continuing its confiscatory acts in full knowledge of U. S. position; his declination to permit the Ambassador to make any suggestions to Mexico on the subject.	227
Jan. 25	Senate Resolution 327 As amended and agreed to.	228

Convention Between the United States and Mexico Extending Duration of the General Claims Commission Provided for in Convention of September 8, 1923, Signed August 16, 1927

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Aug. 16	Convention Between the United States of America and Mexico Extending duration of General Claims Commission provided for in convention of September 8, 1923. (Note: Information that the Mexican Government declined to sign protocol of same date providing for continuance of work of Joint Secretaries and respective agencies of the two Governments, pending ratification of this convention.)	228

Termination of the Convention Between the United States and Mexico To Prevent Smuggling, Signed December 23, 1925

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Mar. 21 (69)	To the Ambassador in Mexico (tel.) Note for Foreign Minister (text printed), terminating smuggling convention of 1925 as of March 28, 1927, and statement to be given to press by Department (text printed) upon receipt of advice that note has been delivered.	230
Mar. 23 (3853)	From the Ambassador in Mexico Delivery of note on March 21; Foreign Minister’s reply, March 22 (text printed), stating that Mexico considers convention terminated as of March 28.	231

[Page XXX]

Renewed Negotiations for a Settlement of the Dispute Over the Rio Grande Boundary

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Mar. 30 (1263)	To the Ambassador in Mexico Instructions to inform Foreign Office that U. S. Government is prepared to instruct American Commissioner on International Boundary Commission to proceed with drafting of a convention for dealing with rectification of the channel of the Rio Grande, upon being advised that Mexican Government will send similar instructions to Mexican Commissioner.	232
Apr. 27 (4029)	From the Ambassador in Mexico Mexican note, April 25 (text printed), advising that instructions are being issued to Mexican Commissioner to proceed with drafting of convention.	232

Administration of the Embargo on the Shipment of Arms and Munitions to Mexico

[Page XXXI]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1926 July 30 (248)	To the Chargé in Mexico (tel.) Removal from embargo, July 21, of nonmilitary aircraft destined to points in Mexico.	233
Oct. 15	From the Mexican Chargé Request for permit for eight Douglas airplanes of type used by American Army, and equipment.	233
Dec. 16	To President Coolidge Considerations which move Secretary not to grant the permit requested.	234
Dec. 16	To the Mexican Ambassador Information that export permit has been denied and statement that general question of maintenance of arms embargo is being reconsidered by U. S. Government.	235
Dec. 23	From the Mexican Ambassador Expression of thanks for intimation that arms embargo is being reconsidered, and explanation that Mexico has at no time taken steps with U. S. Government for maintaining or lifting it.	235
Dec. 29 (3454)	From the Ambassador in Mexico Press information that, despite export prohibition, four of the Douglas airplanes ordered were received and are operating in Yaqui district; publication in another newspaper, however, of despatch from Nogales, Arizona, to effect that eight airplanes are being held there.	236
1927 Jan. 8 (1164)	To the Ambassador in Mexico Memorandum by the Assistant Chief of the Division of Mexican Affairs (text printed), stating that the four airplanes exported were of nonmilitary type and that the four others are at Nogales under surveillance of Customs Collector, and advising Department’s decision to reimpose embargo upon all aircraft destined for Mexico, regardless of purpose for which intended.	237
May 31 (218)	From the Ambassador in Mexico (tel.) Presidential decree, May 30 (text printed), ordering Federal departments to abstain from purchasing in the United States articles intended for use in the administration of the public service.	238
June 1 (220)	From the Ambassador in Mexico (tel.) Suggestion that Mexico’s objections as set forth in decree of May 30 could be met by lifting the arms embargo.	239
June 3 (4206)	From the Ambassador in Mexico Foreign Office statement (text printed) explaining reasons leading to issuance of decree of May 30 and declaring that decree does not constitute boycott of American merchandise.	239
July 6	From the Mexican Ambassador Representations concerning the confusions and difficulties that have arisen from extension of the embargo to Mexican official shipments without previous notice, and inquiry whether it is a settled policy to extend embargo to official shipments of arms and other war materials.	240
Oct. 8	Memorandum by the Assistant Chief of the Division of Mexican Affairs List of American companies which have protested the embargo and have requested that it be modified; recommendation of Embassy in Mexico that embargo situation be given careful consideration.	242
Oct. 28 (5114)	From the Chargé in Mexico Executive decree, October 27 (text printed), abrogating decree of May 30.	243
Dec. 3	To the Mexican Ambassador Release of two shipments of arms intended for Mexico.	244
Dec. 21 (304)	To the Ambassador in Mexico (tel.) Request for opinion whether this is the opportune time to relax present restrictions on export of arms purchased by the Government of Mexico and detained in the United States.	245
Dec. 24 (455)	From the Ambassador in Mexico (tel.) Opinion that now would be the opportune time.	245
Dec. 30	To the Mexican Ambassador Information that permissions have been granted for export of certain shipments of arms and munitions destined for Mexican Government.	245
1928 Mar. 23 (78)	To the Ambassador in Mexico (tel.) Announcement that Department has decided to eliminate commercial airplanes from list of articles destined for Mexico requiring individual export licenses.	246

[Page XXXII]

Suppression of Activities of Mexican Factions on the Border in Violation of Laws of the United States

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Nov. 4	From the Mexican Chargé Request for cooperation to the end that necessary measures may be taken to prevent activities of Yaqui refugees in the United States who are plotting an armed movement against Mexican Government.	246
Dec. 20	To the Mexican Ambassador Reply that a report dated December 5 (extract printed) has been submitted to the Department showing that activities of different factions on border adjoining Arizona have been watched very closely, in consequence of which a number of indictments have been returned.	247

Withdrawal of Subpoena by the United States Senate Upon Mexican Consul General at New York on Assurance That Consul General Would Appear Voluntarily

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Undated	Memorandum by the Under Secretary of State of a Conversation With the Mexican Ambassador, December 12, 1927 In which the Under Secretary expressed the opinion that, in the absence of treaty provisions to the contrary, a consul could be summoned to testify as to unofficial matters within his knowledge, and in which the Ambassador expressed the opinion that a consul could not be called at all as a witness in a proceeding such as that pending in the Senate.	248
Undated	Memorandum by the Under Secretary of State of a Conversation With the Mexican Ambassador, December 13, 1927 In which the Ambassador said the position of his Government remained as stated, but that his Government would be be willing for the consul general at New York to appear voluntarily and in his personal capacity, provided he did not appear under subpoena.	250
Undated	Memorandum by the Under Secretary of State of a Conversation With the Mexican Ambassador, December 14, 1927 In which the Under Secretary suggested that the Ambassador write a note setting forth the views of his Government and willingness to have consul general appear voluntarily before the Committee in his personal capacity, claiming, of course, immunity from inquiry for his records and official acts.	250
Dec. 14	From the Mexican Ambassador Note in accordance with suggestions of the Under Secretary of State.	250
Dec. 14	From Senator David A. Reed Withdrawal of subpoena and substitution of invitation for consul general to appear in his personal capacity, with assurances that no attempt will be made to secure any documents or information which can fairly be claimed to be entitled to immunity.	252
Dec. 16	To the Mexican Ambassador Appreciation for cooperation in the investigation; necessity, nevertheless, of recording fact that U. S. views on relevant questions of international law do not coincide with those of Mexico and that U. S. position must be regarded as fully reserved.	252

[Page XXXIII]

Protest by the United States Against Arbitrary Manner of Arrest and Deportation of Joseph de Courcy From Mexico

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Aug. 10 (307)	From the Chargé in Mexico (tel.) Information that Joseph de Courcy, American citizen and correspondent of New York Times, is being held without charges and is to be deported, and that, after repeated efforts to locate him, Embassy has been informed that he may be seen at police headquarters.	253
Aug. 10 (310)	From the Chargé in Mexico (tel.) Oral protest to Foreign Office against detaining De Courcy incommunicado and without food or sleeping accommodations, and reminder that the withholding of information as to charges on which he is held is contrary to an informal understanding reached 3 years ago between Embassy and Foreign Office; request for instructions to deliver formal protest.	254
Aug. 11 (311)	From the Chargé in Mexico (tel.) Information that De Courcy has been put on train for Laredo, Texas, but that no reason has yet been given for his arrest, detention, and expulsion.	255
Aug. 11 (181)	To the Chargé in Mexico (tel.) Instructions to present formal protest to Acting Foreign Minister.	255
Aug. 19 (4696)	From the Chargé in Mexico Foreign Office statement to press (excerpt printed) and note, August 18 (text printed), substantiating statement, asserting that Mexico cannot recognize protest, and inquiring whether United States is disposed to notify Mexican Embassy in Washington regarding cases of expulsion or deportation of undesirable Mexican citizens.	256
Aug. 20 (318)	From the Chargé in Mexico (tel.) Information that a memorandum of June 28, 1924, in Embassy files shows that Foreign Office expressed willingness to permit a secretary of the Embassy to examine original documents in cases of expulsion of any American citizens under article 33 of the Mexican Constitution.	258
Sept. 15 (1446)	To the Chargé in Mexico Instructions to reply to Mexican note of August 18, stating that U. S. Government does not question right to expel undesirable aliens, but making emphatic protest against harsh treatment accorded Mr. de Courcy and arbitrary manner of his arrest and deportation, and advising that it is unnecessary to notify Mexican Embassy in expulsion cases because accused and counsel are permitted to communicate with nearest Mexican consular officer. (Footnote: Information, by despatch No. 4901, September 22, that note had that day been addressed to the Foreign Office.)	258

[Page XXXIV]

Good Offices of the Department of State To Procure for Howard T. Oliver an Opportunity To Effect an Adjustment of His Claim Against Mexico

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Feb. 12 (31)	To the Ambassador in Mexico (tel.) Aide-mémoire for Foreign Office (text printed) reviewing unsuccessful efforts of Oliver American Trading Company to secure adjustment of claim against Mexican Government and expressing hope that Mexican Government will afford opportunity for case to be considered.	260
Mar. 4 (3775)	From the Ambassador in Mexico Foreign Office memorandum (text printed), explaining Mexican attitude toward Mr. Oliver and his claim, but expressing willingness to permit him to enter Mexico for a reasonable length of time to exercise rights to which he considers himself entitled.	263
Apr. 7 (84)	To the Ambassador in Mexico (tel.) Instructions to explain to Foreign Office that suspension of expulsion decree against Mr. Oliver does not completely meet situation and to inquire whether Mexican Government might waive technicalities and authorize agent in United States to reopen negotiations discontinued in 1923, on basis of settlement outlined in telegram of December 22, 1922, from Mexican President to financial agent in New York (text printed).	267
May 3 (4045)	From the Ambassador in Mexico Foreign Office memorandum, April 29 (text printed), declaring that negotiations in question were without binding force for Mexican Government; that case is one of a purely civil character the settlement of which should be entrusted to Mexican courts; and that Mr. Oliver will enjoy the guarantees and facilities granted by Mexican laws. (Footnote: Information that on December 23, 1927, Department was informed Mr. Oliver was leaving for Mexico; that by despatch No. 313, January 31, 1928, the Embassy reported that it had lent its good offices toward a possible settlement; but that Mr. Oliver had failed to secure a settlement of his claim.)	269

MOROCCO

Negotiations Concerning Claims and Proposed American Recognition of the Spanish Zone in Morocco

[Page XXXV]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 June 2	Memorandum by the Assistant Secretary of State Conversation in which Spanish Ambassador took up question of taxes in Spanish Zone and possible U. S. recognition of Zone, which would include giving up capitulations, and asked that the serious consideration promised in 1924 be followed up by a note saying just what would be done in matter of recognition.	272
July 26 (72–11)	From the Spanish Chargé Information that Spanish Government is ready to study certain claims connected with Spanish Morocco and wishes that they be stated anew, together with latest U. S. views.	272
Oct. 18 (438)	To the Diplomatic Agent and Consul General at Tangier Instructions to submit a résumé of all American claims in Spanish Zone, together with recommendations as to procedure to be followed in their examination.	273
Nov. 7	To the Spanish Ambassador Reiteration of assurances that U. S. recognition of Spanish Zone will be given consideration as soon as claims settlement has been agreed upon; proposal that claims be examined in Tangier by commission composed of American diplomatic agent and Spanish consul general.	273
Nov. 7 (9)	To the Diplomatic Agent and Consul General at Tangier (tel.) Information concerning proposal as to procedure, with promise of instructions when reply has been received from Spanish Embassy.	274

NETHERLANDS

Proposal To Allocate to the Netherlands Government the Former German Yap–Menado Cable

[Page XXXVI]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Feb. 5 (367)	From the Netherlands Chargé Presentation of claim for compensation in behalf of injured Netherlands interests, according to value of Yap–Menado cable plus interest from February 1, 1922, the date on which the Washington agreement of December 31, 1921, for allocation of the cable to the Netherlands Government might have been ratified; information that similar steps are being taken with Governments of Great Britain, France, Japan, and Italy; request for U. S. views.	275
Mar. 15	To the British Ambassador Request for British views concerning Netherlands claim; statement that United States would not object to opening of Yap–Menado cable to traffic and operation by Netherlands pending definite allocation of former German cables; inquiry whether Great Britain would attend meeting of (First Committee of Electrical Communications Conference of 1920 for discussion of allocation of all ex-German cables should a meeting be arranged. (Similar notes to diplomatic representatives at Washington of France, Italy, and Japan.)	277
Mar. 31 (213)	From the British Ambassador Reply that Netherlands proposal for cash payment is likely to give rise to insuperable difficulties; that only solution likely to be agreed upon is to deliver cable in full settlement in respect of Netherlands interests in all three Yap cables; that transfer should be expedited; and that British will not accept responsibility for any part of claim put forward as consequence of delay in effecting such transfer. Willingness to attend meeting of First Committee.	279
May 2 (302)	From the British Ambassador Opinion that cable should be handed over at once to Netherlands without waiting for resumption of work of First Committee.	280
May 16	To the British Ambassador Information that Japan has replied that she cannot consent to Netherlands claims and that Japanese Ambassador is authorized to attend meeting of First Committee if called; and that further notes are being addressed to France and Italy urging them to expedite action with respect to matter.	280
Sept. 28 (542)	From the British Ambassador View that if meeting cannot be held promptly steps should be taken to effect transfer of cable as soon as possible; inability to accept responsibility for any claim in respect of delay in the transfer.	281
Nov. 2	To the Netherlands Minister Regret that it has not been found possible to entertain request for payment of claim, and belief that only solution is delivery of cable.	282
Nov. 2	To the British Ambassador Information that Italy and Japan have indicated willingness to attend meeting and that attempt is being made to find out whether France would attend; that both France and Italy approve delivery of cable to the Netherlands; and that communication is being addressed to Japan with a view to obtaining statement concerning position with reference to delivery of cable. (Note: Information, November 11, 1927, that Japan was disposed to consent to temporary operation of cable by Netherlands, and, November 12, 1927, that France would take part in meeting of First Committee; failure, however, to reach agreement on proposal for allocation or to adopt any other proposal.)	283

NICARAGUA

Efforts by the United States to Preserve Constitutional Government in Nicaragua

[Page XXXVII][Page XXXVIII][Page XXXIX][Page XL][Page XLI][Page XLII][Page XLIII][Page XLIV]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1926 Dec. 31 (259)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Conference at Legation of Nicaraguan representatives to discuss straitened financial condition of their country; determination of Conservatives to continue fight against revolution to a finish; President Diaz’s hope that United States can find way to check Mexican and other outside aid to Liberals.	285
1927 Jan. 3 (2)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Inquiry whether establishment of a Legation guard is vital for protection of Legation and American and foreign lives and property.	286
Jan. 4 (5)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Information from Diaz that he is unable to guarantee protection of American and other foreign lives; receipt of representations from British and Italian Chargés that they consider their nationals in imminent peril without outside protection; opinion that establishment of Legation guard would contribute toward improvement of conditions and ultimate solution.	286
Jan. 4 (5)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Issuance of order to Commander, Special Service Squadron, to send force of marines from U.S.S. Galveston to Managua to act as Legation guard; instructions to inform President Diaz and to arrange necessary details.	287
Jan. 6 (8)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Instructions to inform commander of Legation guard of representations made by British and Italian Chargés and to forward text thereof to Department. (Footnote: Information that representations were forwarded in despatch No. 332, January 12.)	287
Jan. 6 (8)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Arrival of Legation guard.	288
Jan. 7 (11)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Instructions to accord to Belgian nationals such protection as may be possible and proper, in view of Belgian Ambassador’s request for their protection.	288
Jan. 10	Message of the President of the United States to Congress Résumé of U. S. relations with Nicaragua since 1912; intention to use Executive power to insure adequate protection of all American interests in Nicaragua.	288
Jan. 10 (15)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Necessity for Nicaraguan Government itself to solve internal controversy; readiness of United States to extend good offices; instructions to explore possibilities and render opinion.	298
Jan. 13 (13)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Report of progress of plan for bringing two factions together in preliminary conferences; belief that Liberals will demand U. S. supervision of 1928 elections.	299
Jan. 15 (204)	From the Consul at Bluefields Report of fairly stable conditions since battle of Pearl Lagoon, December 24–25, 1926, and of declaration by American naval forces of neutral zones at Puerto Cabezas, Rio Grande, Pearl Lagoon, Prinzapolca, and Rama.	300
Jan. 18 (10)	From the Minister in Guatemala (tel.) Offer of Guatemalan good offices to Nicaragua. Indications that Liberal leader, Sacasa, will continue attitude of intransigency while professing to favor mediation of Costa Rica.	300
Undated	Reply of President Coolidge to the Remarks Made by the Newly Appointed Nicaraguan Minister Upon the Presentation of His Letters of Credence, January 20, 1927 Gratification that it is once more possible to résumé official relations and that steps are being taken to compose factional differences in Nicaragua.	301
Jan. 22 (27)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Associated Press account of interview with Sacasa at Puerto Cabezas, January 21 (text printed), in which he expressed favorable attitude toward U. S. supervision of 1928 elections but also suggested joint supervision by United States and Central American Republics. U. S. willingness to supervise elections, either alone or jointly, if both parties so desire. Instructions to ascertain whether public statement to this effect would be satisfactory to Nicaraguan Government.	302
Jan. 24 (24)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Information that Diaz has already announced publicly acceptance of U. S. supervision of 1928 elections, but that he believes, as does American Minister, that joint supervision with Central American governments would be impracticable and undesirable.	303
Jan. 27	To the Secretary of the Navy Message for Admiral Latimer (text printed), requesting him to dissipate any false impression held by Sacasa as to U. S. policy toward recognition of revolutionary governments.	304
Jan. 27 (6)	To the Minister in Guatemala (tel.) Instructions to make no more efforts to encourage Guatemala to offer good offices in connection with settlement of Nicaraguan internal difficulties.	305
Jan. 31 (27)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Information that during 3–day visit in Managua, Admiral Latimer met prominent members of both parties, and that Minister reiterated to Liberal committee the opinion that Sacasa would never be recognized by U. S. Government in any circumstances.	306
Feb. 7	To the Secretary of the Navy Message for Admiral Latimer (text printed), stating that, contrary to message received from Sacasa revolutionaries accepting U. S. mediation (text printed), United States has made no offer of mediation, but that if U. S. good offices should be invoked by both parties, proposal would be considered; desire that Admiral arrange to communicate this information to Sacasa personally.	306
Feb. 7 (34)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Instructions to investigate reported capture and burning of Chinandega by revolutionary forces, and to advise whether American citizens are serving in Nicaraguan Army.	307
Feb. 7 (31)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Report of fighting and burning in Chinandega; Diaz’s belief that revolutionists have recently received arms, possibly through Salvador or Honduras and certainly through Costa Rica.	308
Feb. 7 (32)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Rout of revolutionists who attacked Chinandega; information that two Americans are instructors with Nicaraguan Government constabulary and two are aviators accredited to same service.	308
Feb. 8 (35)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Importance of impressing upon President Diaz that American forces in Nicaragua will not be drawn into position of engaging with Government troops against revolutionary forces; U. S. intention, nevertheless, to notify revolutionists that they will be expected to protect American lives and property at any place under their control and will be expected to maintain uninterrupted communication so far as maintenance and supply of American forces is concerned.	309
Feb. 8 (36)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Instructions to make plain to Americans attached to constabulary or other armed forces that in event they take oath of allegiance to a foreign government they forfeit their American citizenship, and that if they actively participate in hostilities they cannot look to United States for protection.	309
Feb. 9 (37)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Resumption of train service between Managua and Corinto; report of devastation at Chinandega and of strong likelihood of another attack on that or neighboring city. (Footnote: Information that Admiral Latimer was authorized, February 14, to keep railroad open and to establish neutral zones along it for safeguarding lives and property of American and foreign citizens.)	310
Feb. 16 (45)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Report of attacks by Liberals at Muy Muy and Matagalpa; opinion that without complete intervention there is no likely prospect of early restoration of order.	310
Feb. 18 (48)	From the Second Secretary of Legation in Nicaragua (tel.) Report that Minister has gone to Corinto for conference with Admiral Latimer.	312
Feb. 19 (130)	From the British Ambassador Reminder that British Government looks to United States to extend to British subjects same measure of protection as is afforded to American citizens in the districts in Nicaragua now threatened by revolutionary disturbances.	312
Feb. 21	Press Release Issued by the Department of State Information concerning landing of American forces in Nicaragua to protect American lives and property along railroad and to maintain communication between Legation guard in Managua and the sea.	312
Feb. 21 (51)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Report that Admiral Latimer has ordered armed squad with machine gun on every train between Managua and Corinto and will place marine guard in Managua fortress La Loma.	313
Feb. 22 (52)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Note from British Chargé in Managua (text printed) to effect that British Government contemplates dispatch of a man-of-war to western coast of Nicaragua.	313
Feb. 23 (141)	From the British Ambassador Information that war vessel will arrive at Corinto February 26, but that it is not intention to land forces.	314
Feb. 24	To the British Ambassador Assurance, in reply to note No. 130, February 19, that American armed forces in Nicaragua will be pleased to extend to British subjects such protection as may be possible and proper under the circumstances.	314
Feb. 26	To the British Ambassador Repetition of assurances contained in note of February 24.	314
Feb. 28 (59)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Intention of Liberal delegation to make representations to the Liberal leader, Moncada, in favor of immediate armistice and peaceful settlement.	315
Mar. 3 (53)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Report by Chinese Minister of damage to Chinese property in Chinandega and his request that American forces be reminded of agreement to use good offices to protect Chinese interests in Nicaragua. (Footnote: Information that Department on April 6, 1925, had instructed the Minister in Nicaragua to make informal representations concerning protection of Chinese colony on the east coast.)	315
Mar. 4 (68)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Information that Chinese cases had already come to Legation’s attention and had been communicated to American forces; that Chinese were advised to prepare claims for presentation to commission which will probably be formed.	315
Mar. 5 (69)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Report that Moncada seemed not unwilling to treat for peace but said he would treat only through the American Minister.	316
Mar. 7 (71)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Belief that, despite professions of desire for peace, both sides are really expecting to engage in an important battle within next few days.	316
Mar. 17 (77)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Report of clash between forces at San Geronimo; opinion that if long-expected decisive battle does not occur soon guerrilla warfare and anarchy will follow.	317
Apr. 2 (91)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Report of activity of Liberals in Leon district for the purpose of distracting attention of Conservatives from offensive against Moncada.	318
Apr. 4 (64)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Arrangements for Col. Henry L. Stimson to go to Nicaragua for consultation with American Minister Eberhardt and Admiral Latimer.	318
Apr. 5 (95)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Reply that Minister perceives no objection to Colonel Stimson’s visit and welcomes opportunity to confer with him.	319
Apr. 6 (97)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Conservatives’ report of decisive victory at Muy Muy and prospect of early and complete victory.	319
Apr. 7 (65)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Press notice of Colonel Stimson’s trip (text printed) and instructions for invoking assistance of President Diaz.	319
Apr. 12 (101)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Details of reported decisive victory of Conservatives over Moncada forces.	320
Apr. 15 (72)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) For Stimson and Eberhardt: Observations which are considered pertinent in view of recent military success of Government forces, to the effect that Stimson mission is not an act of mediation and that interviews with revolutionists should be of their own seeking; suggestion that Nicaraguan Government should consider proclamation of general amnesty if revolutionists sincerely desire peace and order; and that it is hoped a way may be discovered by which U. S. supervision of elections may be avoided.	321
Apr. 17 (102)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Arrival of Stimson mission.	323
Apr. 20 (105)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) From Stimson: Opinion that Conservative victory has been overestimated; that no Nicaraguan leader will be able by force of arms and without foreign assistance to restore and maintain peace; and that it would be more constructive to supervise elections than to intervene by force, which may otherwise become necessary. Hope that, pending final report, opposition to supervision of elections will not crystallize.	323
Apr. 22 (74)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) For Stimson and Eberhardt: Information that, should it be considered advisable, President would be willing, at request of Nicaragua, to appoint commission to supervise next election and to retain in Nicaragua such marines as required for guaranteeing stability.	325
Apr. 23 (107)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) From Stimson: Terms of peace to which Diaz would agree; their transmission to Sacasa by Liberals; opinion that if Sacasa refuses terms, only alternative will be between leaving country to anarchy or a forcible disarmament of insurgents by marines.	326
Apr. 25 (75)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) For Stimson: Inquiry as to how long it would take forcibly to disarm insurgents and whether it would induce acceptance of peace terms should it be intimated to Sacasa that refusal to accept them would result in such action.	327
Apr. 26 (109)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) From Stimson: Agreement of Sacasa to appoint representatives to discuss pacific solution. Opinion that hope of solution depends on maintenance of firm military attitude on part of United States; that Admiral Latimer’s request to hold insurgent advance at Tipitapa River should be granted; that, if forcible disarmament were decided upon, peace could be restored in the more thickly populated districts before July 1, although guerrillas would probably continue operations in more remote districts; and that an intimation to Sacasa of forcible disarmament would facilitate chance of settlement.	328
Apr. 26 (111)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) From Stimson: Admiral Latimer’s opinion, in answer to questions contained in Department’s telegram No. 75, April 25, that it is more likely that guerrilla warfare would continue than that complete order would be restored by June or July.	330
Apr. 27 (112)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Expectation that representatives designated by Sacasa will arrive at Managua, April 30 or May 1.	330
Apr. 27 (79)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) For Stimson: Instructions to use own discretion as to intimation that forcible disarmament may prove alternative to settlement by negotiation, and also as to announcement that insurgents will not be allowed to cross Tipitapa River. Information that Navy is communicating directly with Admiral Latimer on question of reinforcements should forcible disarmament become necessary.	331
Apr. 29 (116)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) From Stimson for the President: Résumé of present situation, and belief that no other equally intelligent and conciliatory substitute for Diaz could be found even if desired.	331
Apr. 30 (80)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Opinion that every possible means to keep up negotiations should be used and that even the elimination of President Diaz and selection of another person as Constitutional President, pending an election, should not be excluded as a possibility.	332
Apr. 30 (117)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) From Stimson: Request that steps be taken in Washington to avert efforts of new Minister of Foreign Affairs of Salvador to intrude into unofficial negotiations with Sacasa conferees.	333
May 1 (119)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) From Stimson: Acquiescence of Sacasa delegates to fundamental propositions, with reservation of commitments until after communication with Moncada.	333
May 2 (14)	To the Minister in Salvador (tel.) Instructions to say to Foreign Minister that, although appreciating the high motives which inspired him to suggest that Governments of Central American Republics exercise good offices in cooperation with Colonel Stimson, nevertheless the Department feels that introduction of any new element would have a tendency to complicate rather than aid the situation.	333
May 2 (120)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) From Stimson for the President: Reasons for favoring retention of Diaz as necessary element of plan; willingness, however, to follow any different instructions decided upon by President Coolidge.	334
May 3 (82)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) For Stimson: Information that instruction No. 80, April 30, was intended merely to increase discretionary authority should it be determined after investigation that withdrawal of Diaz in favor of another person might be worthy of consideration.	335
May 3 (29)	From the Minister in Salvador (tel.) Promise of Foreign Minister to drop entire scheme for Central American interference in Nicaraguan negotiations. (Repeated to missions in Costa Rica, Honduras, and Nicaragua.)	336
May 3 (121)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) From Stimson for the President: Information that 48-hour truce has been agreed upon for purpose of a conference at Tipitapa between Moncada, Sacasa delegates, American Minister, Admiral Latimer, and Colonel Stimson.	336
May 4 (83)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) For Stimson: Understanding that if negotiations fail and United States is obliged to resort to forcible disarmament, it will not be committed even to supervise 1928 elections; suggestion that this be made clear to Liberals.	336
May 4 (122)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) From Stimson for the President: Moncada’s approval of all terms of proposed settlement excepting retention of Diaz, although frankly stating that he would not oppose U. S. troops if Diaz issue had been determined upon. Agreement of Sacasa delegates and Moncada to recommend that troops should yield; letter of Colonel Stimson to Moncada confirming oral statement (text printed). Arrangements for extension of truce and for interposition of American forces along line of Tipitapa River in position to receive arms of both sides; request that Admiral Latimer be authorized to take all military steps necessary.	337
May 4 (123)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) From Stimson: Opinion that in view of progress in negotiations, reported in telegram No. 122, withdrawal now of consent to supervise 1928 elections would be unthinkable and a moral if not technical breach of faith on the part of the United States.	338
May 5 (124)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) From Stimson: Preliminary report for use of President in announcing result of negotiations in Nicaragua.	339
May 5 (84)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) For Stimson: Information that Navy is transmitting requested instructions to Admiral Latimer.	342
May 6 (125)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) From Stimson: Proclamations of general amnesty and freedom of press by Diaz; his agreement to appointment of Liberal jefes polilicos in six Liberal departments and his consideration of other conciliatory steps.	342
May 7 (126)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) From Stimson: Suggestion that Department act promptly in strong public presentment of true situation in Nicaragua, thus taking leadership of American public opinion.	342
May 8 (129)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) From Stimson: Provisions of arrangements made for disarmament of Moncada forces.	343
May 9	From General Sandino to General Moncada Information that, his troops having disbanded for lack of food and having returned to Jinotega, Sandino will also return to Jinotega and collect their arms.	344
May 10	Notice Issued by the Commander of the Special Service Squadron Announcement that all rifles, machine guns, or ammunition shall be delivered to custody of nearest detachment of American forces, upon which delivery payment of 10 cordobas will be made for each serviceable rifle or machine gun.	344
May 11	From the Personal Representative of the President of the United States in Nicaragua to General Moncada Confirmation of peace terms agreed to at Tipitapa.	345
May 11 (131)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) From Stimson: Report that disarmament of the insurgent army should be completed in 2 days.	346
May 12 (133)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) From Stimson: Telegram signed by Moncada and all his prominent chiefs except Sandino (text printed) agreeing to accept terms of Stimson declaration and to lay down arms; dispatch of trucks with escort of marines to receive arms.	347
May 15 (134)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) From Stimson: Ending of civil war in Nicaragua, almost only malcontents being small group of personal associates of Sacasa.	347
May 16 (135)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Departure of Colonel Stimson.	349
May 21 (139)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Departure of Sacasa with 26 followers on May 20 for Puerto Limon, where they may be joined by other Liberals there in efforts to embarrass Diaz government. (Repeated to Costa Rica.) (Footnote: Information that by a decree issued at Puerto Cabezas, May 20, 1927, Sacasa announced termination of his regime organized in that neighborhood December 1, 1926.)	349
May 26 (141)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Information that disarmament has been effected with minimum of friction or bloodshed; that June 6 will probably be last date upon which payment will be made for delivery of arms; and that General Sandino, the only remaining revolutionary leader of consequence who has not laid down arms, is headed for Honduran boundary with about 200 followers, including 60 Hondurans. (Repeated to Tegucigalpa.)	349

[Page XLV]

Assistance by the United States in the Supervision of Elections in Nicaragua

[Page XLVI][Page XLVII][Page XLVIII][Page XLIX][Page L]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 May 15	From President Diaz to President Coolidge Formal request for: (1) friendly assistance of President in preparing electoral law for Nicaragua, (2) supervision by Americans of conduct of elections, and (3) American assistance in training and directing a nonpartisan constabulary. Memorandum suggesting steps to be taken to ensure holding of a free and fair election in 1928 (text printed).	350
June 11 (234)	To the Minister in Nicaragua Reply of President Coolidge, June 10 (text printed), for transmission to President Diaz, stating compliance with Diaz’s request of May 15. Instructions to consult with Diaz and make report and recommendations to Department.	353
July 7 (437)	From the Minister in Nicaragua Presidential decree No. 49, published June 18 (text printed), calling for elections on September 4 of senators and deputies in departments and districts where elections were not held in 1926 on account of revolution.	354
Aug. 2 (118)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Executive statement, made public July 2 (text printed), announcing that President will nominate Gen. Frank R. McCoy as chairman of commission to supervise elections. Information that General McCoy will arrive at Corinto about August 22 to observe election of September 4 in order to become familiar with manner of conducting elections in Nicaragua.	355
Aug. 9	To the Personal Representative of the President of the United States in Nicaragua Letter transmitting to General McCoy his commission as Personal Representative, with rank of Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary.	355
Aug. 18	From President Diaz to the American Minister Acknowledgment of President Coolidge’s letter of June 10, with recommendation that until Guardia Nacional reaches state of complete efficiency the peace of the Republic be assured by leaving small body of U. S. marines as Legation guard during next presidential term.	356
Aug. 20 (205)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Report that Conservatives are urging President Diaz to cable Chamorro, Nicaraguan Minister in France, advising him to renounce any intention to be presidential candidate in 1928. Query whether there is any objection to including in cable the fact that American Legation and Department of State have knowledge of the message.	358
Aug. 22 (127)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Authorization for Diaz to make statement suggested in telegram No. 205 of August 20; indication that as a last resort Department might be willing to notify Chamorro that it does not consider him eligible under Nicaraguan Constitution and could not recognize him if he should be elected.	358
Aug. 24 (209)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Arrival of General McCoy and party.	359
Aug. 29 (215)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Report that arrangements have been made for marines to be present at elections of September 4 as observers and, if necessary, to back up local police in maintaining order.	359
Aug. 31 (220)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Dispatch, August 29, of cable mentioned in telegram No. 205 of August 20.	359
Sept. 1 (222)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Resignation of Chamorro as Nicaraguan Minister in France.	359
Sept. 2 (467)	From the Minister in Nicaragua Note to Foreign Office, August 25, announcing nomination of General McCoy to be chairman of commission to supervise 1928 elections, and of reply, August 26, stating that President Diaz will proceed to carry out all necessary formalities respecting the appointment (texts printed).	360
Sept. 8 (230)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Preliminary report of elections of September 4.	362
Sept. 11 (238)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Report that Chamorro’s resignation as Minister to France has not been accepted.	362
Sept. 26 (93)	From the Minister in Panama (tel.) Departure of General McCoy for New York.	363
Oct. 4 (261)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Information that General Moncada, who sailed for New York on October 3, enjoys enthusiastic support of Liberals, who have adopted more friendly attitude toward United States.	363
Oct. 4 (263)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Suggestion that advantage be taken of Chamorro’s presence in United States to dissuade him from becoming a candidate in 1928.	363
Oct. 12 (277)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Report that elections were not held September 4 in many of the precincts where they should have been held, and that at request of Liberals the Chargé has pointed out to President Diaz necessity for holding supplementary elections.	364
Oct. 18 (282)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Report of arrangements that have been made for ensuring tranquillity during municipal elections on November 6.	364
Oct. 18 (283)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Advisability of taking the control of police, internal revenues, and communications out of hands of Government so as to assure free elections. Inquiry whether Department would approve assumption by guardia of control of telegraph.	365
Oct. 19 (285)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Decree, October 18, ordering supplementary elections December 18 in those precincts of Leon, Estelf, and Bluefields where no voting occurred on September 4.	365
Oct. 21 (287)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Presentation by Liberals of data showing that it has not been practice to give 60 days’ notice before election; President Diaz’s promise to issue new decree changing date to November 20.	366
Oct. 22	Memorandum by the Assistant Secretary of State Conversation in which Assistant Secretary explained to General Chamorro the Department’s inability to regard him as eligible for presidential term beginning January 1, 1929, or to accord him recognition during that term, and handed him statement to that effect (text printed).	367
Oct. 24 (289)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Belief that Supreme Court should not disregard provision in electoral law calling for election of president of National Electoral Board before December 1, and suggestion that it would prevent misunderstanding to elect General McCoy now rather than another person who would later give place to him.	369
Oct. 27 (163)	To the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Statement of Secretary of State to press, October 26 (text printed), making clear that United States will not select candidate for President of Nicaragua but cannot recognize anyone who is not qualified under the Nicaraguan Constitution.	369
Oct. 28 (301)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Request of President Diaz for chief points in new electoral law to be proposed by General McCoy, in order that matter may be discussed in message to Congress.	370
Oct. 29 (173)	To the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Concurrence in suggestion contained in telegram No. 289 of October 24.	370
Oct. 29 (174)	To the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Nonobjection to assumption by guardia of control of telegraph for a reasonable time prior to and during elections, provided this is done under instructions from President and without objection by Liberals.	370
Oct. 31 (305)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Advisability of permanent control of telegraph by guardia, to be assumed within next 3 or 4 months.	371
Nov. 2 (314)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Promise to Liberals to place before Department, with recommendation for consultation with General McCoy and Dr. Dodds, the request of representatives of Liberal leader, General Moncada, for law authorizing new census and establishment of new congressional districts on basis thereof, or, should this prove impracticable, revision of districts in accordance with 1920 census.	371
Nov. 4 (318)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Inquiry whether there is any objection to selecting now a Nicaraguan president of National Electoral Board, to serve until adoption of new law under which General McCoy will serve.	372
Nov. 5 (184)	To the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Opinion that permanent control of telegraph by guardia would be inadvisable; preference that temporary control take place nearer the time of elections and in all events after return of General McCoy.	372
Nov. 8	From the Nicaraguan Minister Representations against appearance in American press of communications emanating from Washington which might be interpreted as official expression of U. S. attitude and which would indicate a tendency to favor one political party in Nicaragua against the other.	373
Nov. 9 (324)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Report of municipal elections of November 6, which were held in orderly manner, with little fraud and relatively few disputes, and in which Liberals received a slight majority.	374
Nov. 10 (187)	To the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Instructions that, in view of changed situation, Department has no objection to procedure suggested in telegram No. 318 of November 4.	375
Nov. 11 (326)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Request for instructions concerning stand to be taken with regard to desire of Conservatives to contest congressional elections to be held in Estelf on November 20, where they believe they have a majority and could win if given a fair chance.	375
Nov. 11 (192)	To the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) View that there is no reason why Conservatives should refrain from contesting election in Estelf.	376
Nov. 17	To the Nicaraguan Minister Expression of U. S. attitude toward candidates and election.	376
Nov. 17 (335)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Election of Dr. Joaquin Gomez as president of National Electoral Board.	378
Nov. 17 (195)	To the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Opinion of Dr. Dodds (text printed) that new census is unnecessary; General McCoy’s feeling that new census would be inadvisable at this time.	378
Nov. 17 (196)	To the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Transitory provisions of electoral law to govern 1928 elections, drawn up by General McCoy and Dr. Dodds, for transmission to President Diaz (text printed).	379
Nov. 19 (340)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Suggestion that transitory provisions be modified before communication to President Diaz, so as to show that members of electoral boards existing when new law goes into effect will be removed from office by the new act and that the boards will be reorganized after 1928 election.	381
Nov. 22 (344)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Report that General Moncada’s representatives have now raised question of control of electoral boards which will serve during remainder of period 1928–32 following presidential election. Advisability of withholding communication of telegram No. 196 of November 17, to President Diaz until question of control is settled.	381
Nov. 29 (209)	To the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Additional section (text printed) for inclusion in transitory provisions, providing that after the elections the electoral machinery shall be reconstituted on the basis of the 1928 presidential elections, with terms of office running to 1932.	382
Dec. 2 (357)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Observations by Chamorro Conservatives concerning unconstitutionality of Stimson and guardia agreements, and efforts to induce President Diaz to retire in order to appoint person of their own choice. Desire for authorization to present note from Department to Diaz stating that his retirement would be unfortunate and that his presence in Presidency is essential to carry out arrangement for free elections.	383
Dec. 5 (363)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Opinion that reorganization of electoral machinery prior to each presidential election is preferable, but that law might be amended to make terms of electoral board members 2 years, so that these would be reorganized before each congressional election on basis of results of preceding election.	384
Dec. 6 (216)	To the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Authorization to make known emphatic views of Department that retirement of President Diaz would strike at very root of transaction by which peace and order have been restored and is a proposition which can be entertained by no one interested in carrying out pending plan. Request to be informed immediately whether any faction intends to attack constitutionality or validity of Stimson arrangement.	385
Dec. 21 (377)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Opinion that, should new electoral law not pass before end of month, it will be necessary to proceed to designate presidents of electoral boards under existing law.	386
Dec. 22 (379)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Refusal to approve Nicaraguan proposal to extend terms of present members of electoral boards until adoption of new electoral law.	387
Dec. 22 (381)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Intention of using incident of fraudulent elections in Estelf as an argument for insisting upon immediate passage of new electoral law.	387
Dec. 23 (231)	To the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Approval of action reported in telegrams No. 377 and No. 379, December 21 and 22.	388
Dec. 23 (234)	To the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Promise of Nicaraguan Minister to Urge his Government to comply strictly with promises of fair treatment to both parties and to vote electoral law promptly.	389
Dec. 29 (390)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Advice to National Electoral Board to proceed with choice of presidents of departmental boards, since new election law which has now been submitted to Congress cannot be approved before January 1, 1928.	389

Assistance by the Department of State in the Reconstitution of the Courts of Nicaragua

[Page LI]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 June 16 (153)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Request for suggestions concerning manner of effecting restoration of Supreme Court, problem being to arrange that decisions of court during incumbency of Chamorro judges shall not be subject to reopening or reconsideration.	389
July 31 (184)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Conclusion of restored Supreme Court that best way to legalize acts of de facto court is to maintain all decisions except about 10 which were protested at the time rendered.	390
Aug. 9 (120)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Department view that there is no occasion now to question legality of acts of courts whose judges were replaced by de facto authorities.	391
Aug. 19 (203)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Report that Supreme Court has decided to legalize all acts of de facto court by refusing to reopen any cases. Request for Department’s views concerning denial by Executive’s advisers of right of Court to interfere with acts of Chamorro Congress by restoring appellate magistrates in Leon and Bluefields who were expelled by Chamorro Congress.	391
Aug. 22 (129)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Opinion that if restoration of appellate magistrates at Leon and Bluefields involves setting aside of a decision of de facto court, restoration should be effected by agreement between Executive and Legislative branches and along lines followed in restoration of judges of Supreme Court, in accordance with Stimson agreement.	391
Aug. 27 (213)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Report that Liberals insist that appellate judges be restored by Supreme Court, but that President Diaz has already called for resignation of de facto judges, and is willing to guarantee acceptance by Congress of resignations and reinstatement of the deposed judges.	392
Aug. 30 (133)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Instructions to cable reasons why Liberals are objecting to procedure outlined in telegram No. 213 of August 27.	393
Aug. 31 (219)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Information that Supreme Court has forced issue by ordering reinstatement of appellate judges and that Liberals are supporting Court’s position. Suggestion of solution by which reestablished court at Leon would be recognized and Supreme Court would withdraw order to reinstate former judge at Blue-fields, leaving to Congress the reorganization of court at Blue-fields.	393
Sept. 4 (137)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Opinion that, beside fact that Supreme Court is without appointment power, proposed action would open way to similar disregard of other decisions of de facto courts.	393
Sept. 15 (244)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) View that deadlock in courts at Leon and Bluefields will continue until Department takes some further action.	394
Sept. 16 (246)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Discussion with President Diaz of question of appellate courts, in which President admitted that although Supreme Court acted improperly, it would be difficult to restore Chamorro judges at Leon. Inquiry whether solution suggested in telegram No. 219 of August 31 would be acceptable should President Diaz consent to it.	395
Sept. 16 (247)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Opinion of Minister for Foreign Affairs that it would be advisable to recognize reorganized court at Leon.	395
Sept. 17 (144)	To the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Permission to work out suggested compromise, providing all parties agree and it is definitely understood that Leon case does not constitute a precedent for disregarding decisions by de facto courts.	396
Sept. 27 (254)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Résumé of history of appellate courts question. Opinion that compromise can be effected at Bluefields whereby Chamorro judge will withdraw in favor of one of the substitutes, while former Liberal judge will not take possession until after he has been reelected by Congress.	396
Sept. 28 (149)	To the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Agreement to solution as outlined.	398
Sept. 29 (256)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Settlement of appellate courts question, by which compromise will be recognized by Congress but at the same time decisions of Supreme Court will be respected.	398

[Page LII]

Appointment of Liberal “Jefes Politicos” in Liberal Departments as Provided by the Stimson Agreement

[Page LIII]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 May 31 (142)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Report that Liberal jefes politicos recommended by General Moncada are being appointed; that Moncada, having failed in effort to name chief of police and collectors of internal revenue, will probably cable a protest to Colonel Stimson on the subject.	399
June 1 (95)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Cable from General Moncada to Colonel Stimson and reply (texts printed). Instructions to use influence to have Stimson agreement interpreted liberally.	399
June 3 (146)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Information that most of the appointees have already entered upon duties, and that General Moncada’s telegram to Colonel Stimson represented his original rather than final attitude.	400
June 27 (101)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Colonel Stimson and Department’s feeling that Liberals should be given other offices as well as jefes politicos in the six Liberal departments unless General Moncada is satisfied with present arrangement.	400
July 2 (166)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Reasons why Minister feels that no change in present arrangement should be undertaken and that Department should reconsider its decision.	401
July 7 (106)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Willingness for matter to rest so long as General Moncada acquiesces, but insistence, otherwise, that attitude expressed in telegram No. 101 of June 27 be adhered to.	402
July 13 (109)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Disposition to allow matter of internal tax collectors in Liberal departments to remain in abeyance, providing Conservatives will not contest elections in Liberal departments. Instructions to telegraph Conservative attitude toward September elections and whether Conservatives will present candidates.	402
Oct. 26 (295)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Report that Liberal jefe politico and Conservative lower officials in Bluefields cannot work together. Query whether Department might be able to influence General Moncada to withdraw his opposition to President Diaz’s proposed appointment of ex-President Estrada as permanent jefe politico at Bluefields.	403
Oct. 28 (166)	To the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) General Moncada’s willingness to accept Estrada appointment provided Guardia Nacional assumes police jurisdiction of country.	404
Nov. 1 (310)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Opinion that it will be impractical for many months to establish guardia on east coast because funds provided are insufficient for that purpose; that Moncada’s objections to Estrada are specious.	405
Nov. 5 (182)	To the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Moncada’s consent to appointment of Estrada; his anxiety that guardia be organized in Bluefields as promptly as possible in order to take over local police functions.	406
Nov. 14 (332)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Estrada’s appointment as jefe politico of Bluefields, November 12.	406

Cooperation of the United States in Rearranging the Finances of Nicaragua

[Page LIV]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 May 15	From the Nicaraguan Minister of Finance to the Personal Representative of the President of the United States Request for assistance in rearranging finances of Nicaragua. Memorandum outlining evils in present financial legislation and administration, and suggesting reforms in which U. S. assistance is desired (text printed).	406
Sept. 22 (252)	From the Chargé in-Nicaragua (tel.) Report of economic and financial situation in Nicaragua, and opinion that it would be advisable to proceed very slowly in approving or recommending any new financing.	410
Sept. 24 (148)	To the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Information that no new proposals for Nicaraguan financing have been presented since the Chargé was in Washington.	412
Oct. 4 (262)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Opinion that a loan, at least for payment of war claims, would be approved by Liberal leaders.	412
Undated [Rec’d Oct. 7] (267)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Desire of Minister of Finance for a definite system of control which would assure future financial stability; his belief that both parties would now accept such control, in consideration of loan for payment of war claims and especially as neither knows who will control next administration. Chargé’s opinion that, while loan should be dependent on adoption of a plan for financial control, the plan should come from Department rather than from the bankers, and should include the reforms outlined in memorandum of May 15.	413
Oct. 22 (157)	To the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Inquiry whether financial survey of Nicaragua by Dr. W. W. Cumberland would be advisable during interim between his leaving Haiti and beginning new work in New York.	414
Oct. 26 (294)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Opinion that financial survey would be useful, that prior approval of both parties should be secured, and that meanwhile it would be desirable to proceed with a loan.	415
Oct. 28 (167)	To the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Belief that survey should precede rather than follow loan. Instructions to make prompt effort to secure approval of both parties, and to inquire of President Diaz whether it would be agreeable to have American Collector General of Customs take over collection and administration of the internal revenues and to have financial survey undertaken to determine Nicaragua’s future financial program.	415
Oct. 31 (307)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Report that President Diaz is unwilling to have Collector General of Customs assume control of internal revenues except in connection with a loan; the Chargé’s opinion that advantages to be gained are not worth risk of creating a bad situation by insisting that President take action suggested.	416
Nov. 1 (311)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Approval of proposed Cumberland survey by both President Diaz and representatives of Liberals, and query as to who is to bear the expenses.	417
Nov. 2 (178)	To the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Information that Department will bear expenses of Dr. Cumberland’s visit to Nicaragua.	417
Nov. 5 (181)	To the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Information that bankers are studying matter of granting credits until loan is concluded.	417
Nov. 5 (320)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Suggestion that Chargé be authorized to issue statement explaining purposes of Cumberland survey.	417
Nov. 10 (185)	To the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Approval of Chargé’s opinion expressed in telegram No. 307 of October 31.	418
Nov. 14 (193)	To the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Authorization to issue statement of Dr. Cumberland’s appointment to make survey (text printed).	418
Nov. 29	To Dr. W. W. Cumberland Instructions to make survey to ascertain how much money will be needed for certain purposes, the extent to which it can be supplied from Nicaraguan resources, the size of loan to be made and security necessary therefor, and to make recommendations in regard to other related aspects of financial problems of Nicaragua.	419

Attitude of the Department of State With Respect to Loans by American Bankers to the Government of Nicaragua

[Page LV][Page LVI]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Jan. 6 (9)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Report that Congress is considering law for bond issue to cover claims of present and recent revolutions and for a second customs surcharge and a coffee export tax to provide funds to service the new bonds, the claims to be passed upon by Mixed Claims Commission consisting of one Liberal, one Conservative, and the American High Commissioner.	421
Jan. 12 (18)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Opinion that restoration of peace is the first essential and that consideration of financial needs of Nicaragua should wait upon it, although there is no objection to the Mixed Claims Commission.	422
Feb. 9 (38)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Inquiry whether Department would object to a loan of $300,000 contemplated by Rene Keilhauer of R. W. Hebard and Co. to Nicaraguan Government, to be secured by increases in import and export taxes under new law effected February 1.	423
Feb. 11	Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Latin American Affairs Opinion that proposed loan is for worthy purposes and might materially assist in carrying out Department policy in Nicaragua.	423
Feb. 11 (41)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Inquiry as to agreeableness of terms of proposed loan, now increased to $600,000.	424
Feb. 11 (39)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Nonobjection to loan as outlined in the Minister’s telegram No. 38 of February 9.	424
Feb. 12 (40)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Nonobjection to new terms of loan.	424
Undated	Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Latin American Affairs of a Conversation With Mr. R. W. Hebard, February 15, 1927 In which Mr. Hebard was told that, although Department must not be interpreted as in any way guaranteeing or suggesting the contemplated loan, the Diaz Government has been recognized by and is receiving the moral support of the United States, and therefore that the loan would be viewed with favor.	424
Feb. 21 (50)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Information that, American backers of Mr. Keilhauer having apparently refused his proposition, he now proposes to arrange a personal loan on condition that President Diaz sell him 51 per cent of stock of National Bank of Nicaragua, but that Diaz has refused. Hope of President Diaz to arrange an immediate temporary loan and later larger ones with New York managers of bank.	425
Feb. 23 (45)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Opinion that present is not opportune time to sell bank or railway; instructions to maintain impartial attitude as between interested parties and to cable figures of Nicaraguan income and expenditure since January 1 and probable figures for next 2 or 3 months, with estimate of minimum credit needs.	426
Feb. 23 (54)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Report that only Rosenthal group is now interested, and that President Diaz understands bank and railroad should not be sold but may be pledged as security provided Department concurs. Figures of income and expenditure, and estimate that $400,000 to $500,000 is necessary for urgent obligations and credit needs.	427
Undated	Memorandum by the Economic Adviser of a Conversation Between Himself, the Chief of the Division of Latin American Affairs, and Mr. Tillinghast of the Guaranty Trust Company of New York, February 28, 1927 Opinion of Mr. Tillinghast that, as a last resort, inflation of not more than one million cordobas could be effected without serious consequences. Opinion of Messrs. Morgan and Young that inflation would probably result in serious loss of confidence in Nicaragua and a rush to convert local currency into foreign exchange.	427
Mar. 3 (66)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Report that Government, desperately in need of funds, will offer bankers as security for loan all stock in railroad and bank and all revenue produced by recent law; that if Department cannot approve terms, President sees no alternative to emergency emission of cordobas.	428
Mar. 9 (73)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Concurrence in President Diaz’s request for approval of million-dollar loan now being proposed by New York bankers; President Diaz’s acceptance of bankers’ recommendation for a commission to control all expenditures, consisting of President of Nicaragua, Minister of Finance, manager of National Bank of Nicaragua, and American Resident High Commissioner.	429
Mar. 11 (513–27 For. Dept.)	From the Guaranty Trust Company of New York and J. & W. Seligman & Co. to the Chief of the Division of Latin American Affairs Memorandum covering terms and conditions of proposed million-dollar loan to Nicaragua (text printed).	429
Mar. 12	To the Guaranty Trust Company of New York Nonobjection to proposed loan.	432
Mar. 15 (513–27 For. Dept.)	From the Guaranty Trust Company of New York Intention of making loan under the terms and conditions indicated in memorandum of March 11.	432
Mar. 25 (82)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Signature by President Diaz and ratification by Nicaraguan Congress of loan contract.	433

Agreement Between the United States and Nicaragua Establishing the “Guardia Nacional de Nicaragua,” Signed December 22, 1927

[Page LVII]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 May 8 (128)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Request by President Diaz for designation of an American officer to instruct and command Nicaraguan constabulary and to name additional American and Nicaraguan officers considered necessary to form larger nonpartisan constabulary.	433
May 11 (87)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Approval by President Coolidge of President Diaz’s request. (Footnote: Appointment of Col. Robert Rhea, May 12, as Chief of the Constabulary, and commission of Col. Elias R. Beadle, August 20, as general in command of Guardia Nacional.)	434
Dec. 29 (576)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua Agreement between United States and Nicaragua establishing Guardia Nacional, signed December 22 (text printed).	434

Assistance by the United States Marines in the Suppression of Bandit Activities in Nicaragua

[Page LVIII][Page LIX][Page LX]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 June 30 ([161])	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Reported seizure by Sandino of San Albino mine in Nueva Segovia; information that American owner has appealed for protection and that General Feland is preparing an expedition, that sympathizers are proceeding to join Sandino, and that foreigners are criticizing American policy of landing marines to protect American life and property and then failing to give protection.	439
July 17 (170)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Report that Sandino, with far superior numbers, attacked American marines and Nicaraguan national guard at Ocotal, July 16, but suffered defeat after 16 hours” fighting and arrival of U. S. airplanes; doubt that Sandino will offer much further serious resistance.	440
July 18 (112)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Urgent request for details of Ocotal attack.	440
July 20 (175)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Details of Ocotal attack; observation that General Feland in preceding weeks had given Sandino every opportunity to surrender or leave the country and had ordered troops to fire on the enemy only in case of attack; possibility that in spite of disaster, Sandino may continue his outlawry.	441
July 27 (117)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Request for immediate, full reports from Minister and General Feland as to actual conditions and how much resistance may be expected from Sandino or other bandits.	442
July 27 (180)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Report that on July 26, Major Floyd, leading marine-constabulary expedition to San Albino mine, had skirmish with Sandino men at San Fernando, and that party will proceed on July 28 to Jicaro, where fight is expected about the 29th.	443
July 31 (183)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Suggestion that Sandino’s unexpected strength is due partly to aid from Hondurans and Liberals from Managua region; occupation by Floyd party of Jicaro, found to be deserted, and plans to proceed to San Albino.	443
Aug. 1 (187)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Information that Floyd party occupied San Albino without resistance, that natives in Ocotal region appear to be returning to homes, that Sandino is now headed down Coco River with few men; report from Somoto that Salgado, having learned Sandino is finished, is disbanding his men.	444
Aug. 16 (201)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Distribution by airplane in Ocotal region of circulars offering amnesty from Nicaraguan Government to Sandino followers in recent activities; arrangements for Moncada to visit Somoto to endeavor to induce Salgado and followers to lay aside their arms.	445
Aug. 22 (207)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Preparations by General Feland to return to the United States on August 24, when Colonel Gulick will assume command of marines in Nicaragua.	445
Sept. 2 (223)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Renewal by Sandino or followers of activities near Telpaneca, and report that they have been joined by some of Salgado’s men; dispatch of marines and constabulary, and likelihood of a clash.	446
Sept. 3 (225)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Information that Moncada did not even confer with Salgado but took advantage of visit to strengthen himself politically, that various attempts to induce Salgado to lay down arms have failed, and that he has now been given 48 hours in which to do so, after which it is believed an expedition may be sent against him.	446
Sept. 5 (226)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Report of recent engagements between marine-constabulary patrols and Sandino and Salgado followers; advice that this is beginning of active campaign against bandits, and that reward for capture of Sandino may soon be offered.	447
Sept. 11 (237)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Expulsion from Nicaragua of Telles, one of Moncada’s generals, for implication in Ocotal attack.	447
Sept. 19 (249)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Attack by Salgado followers upon marine and guardia garrison at Telpaneca; dispatch of relief column in anticipation of another attack.	447
Oct. 4 (259)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) To Legation at Tegucigalpa: Operations by Conservative bandits in western Nueva Segovia from Honduran base; suggestion to Nicaraguan Government that it ask Honduran Government to drive bandits out of Honduran territory; suggestion that American Minister in Honduras make representations.	448
Oct. 18 (284)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Continuance of unsatisfactory situation in Nueva Segovia and increasing prestige of Sandino; advice that marines have not taken very active measures because of seasonal transportation difficulties, lack of adequate forces, and reasons of policy; understanding that more energetic steps are contemplated.	448
Nov. 14 (32)	To the Minister in Honduras (tel.) Report by Commander of Special Service Squadron that bandit group led by Honduran operates from farm in Santa Rita, Honduras, owned by Felix Pedro Pinell, said to be jefe politico of Choluteca; instructions to convey this information to President Paz.	449
Nov. 15 (68)	From the Minister in Honduras (tel.) Information that President has already ordered investigation of reports that property had been destroyed and Hondurans killed at Santa Rita and San Luis in Honduras by American marines and constabulary, accompanied by Liberal civilians from Nicaragua. (Repeated to Managua.)	449
Nov. 17 (336)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) To Legation at Tegucigalpa: Belief of Colonel Gulick that jefe politico of Choluteca is actively aiding Conservative bandits; inquiry as to possibility of independent investigation in Choluteca region to ascertain the facts; information that marines and guardia have not knowingly crossed Honduran frontier even in active pursuit of bandits.	450
Nov. 24 (346)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Discovery by airplanes of Sandino’s stronghold at Chipote, making possible decisive attack as soon as preparations are made; information that 600 Hondurans have joined Sandino in last few months.	450
Dec. 26 (388)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Information that worst elements among northern bandits are Hondurans and that military operations are difficult because groups have headquarters in Honduras and receive support from officials there; advice that Sandino also is receiving Honduran aid; suggestion that Honduran Government be induced to exercise effective vigilance on frontier and to remove officials sympathetic to bandits; inquiry whether military attaché might not visit Honduras and conduct discreet investigation; rumor that Chamorro, Nicaraguan general, is aiding Sandino through Honduran Minister of War.	451
Dec. 28 (41)	To the Minister in Honduras (tel.) Transmittal of text of telegram No. 388 of December 26 from Chargé in Nicaragua; War Department instructions to military attaché to endeavor to make investigation; instructions to make informal but emphatic representations to President Paz. (Footnote: Information repeated to Legation in Nicaragua as telegram No. 238.)	451
Dec. 30 (84)	From the Minister in Honduras (tel.) Assurances by President Paz, despite conviction that reports against Minister of War and Pinell are false, that as evidence of good faith he will transfer latter to another post, that no Honduran official has aided Sandino or followers, that order will be given for more effective frontier vigilance, and that no objection is offered to investigation by military attaché. (Repeated to Managua.)	452
Undated [Rec’d Dec. 31] (391)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) To Legation at Tegucigalpa, December 31: Observation that bandits whom Pinell has been assisting are Conservatives who have been as troublesome as Sandino, and that evidence against Pinell is strong.	452
Dec. 31 (44)	To the Minister in Honduras (tel.) Concern over situation in Nicaragua; information that evidence tends to prove that bandits in Nueva Segovia are receiving material assistance from Honduras; instructions that Department expects Minister to impress upon President Paz necessity for preventing this situation; instructions to advise measures taken as result of representations.	453

Sale of Munitions by the United States to the Government of Nicaragua

[Page LXI]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Jan. 3	Memorandum by the Acting Chief of the Division of Latin American Affairs Telephonic inquiry by National Bank of Nicaragua, in view of request from President Diaz to act as agent for Nicaraguan Government for purchase of rifles, machine guns, and ammunition, whether Department of State will issue export licenses therefor; information that note has been received from Nicaraguan Legation requesting issuance of export licenses for munitions, some of which are believed to be identical with those to be purchased by bank.	453
Undated	Memorandum by the Acting Chief of the Division of Latin American Affairs of a Telephone Conversation With the Vice President of the National Bank of Nicaragua, January 4, 1927 Answers to bank and Nicaraguan Legation that licenses will be issued.	454
Feb. 7	From the Nicaraguan Minister Desire of Nicaraguan Government to purchase certain war materials from U. S. Government on terms and conditions outlined.	454
Feb. 18	To the Nicaraguan Minister Availability of the desired arms and munitions for sale to Nicaraguan Government at prices indicated and on certain terms and conditions.	456
Feb. 19	From the Nicaraguan Minister Acceptance of terms and conditions. (Footnote: Signature of contract, February 25.)	457
Apr. 27 (77)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Desire of Nicaraguan Government to purchase additional rifles and ammunition; instructions to consult with Mr. Stimson, personal representative of President Coolidge, and Admiral Latimer, and to report views on necessity or advisability of sale at this time.	458
Apr. 28 (113)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Inadvisability of sale; concurrence of Mr. Stimson and Admiral Latimer.	458

Assistance by the Department of State in the Establishment of the Nicaraguan Claims Commission

[Page LXII][Page LXIII]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1926 Nov. 25 (302)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua Letter to President Diaz enclosing memorandum of conversations concerning creation of claims commission to adjudicate claims arising out of 1926 revolution (texts printed).	458
Dec. 9 (310)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua Act of Nicaraguan Congress, December 1 (text printed), establishing claims commission to adjudicate claims arising from October 25, 1925, to date of reestablishment of peace, which date shall be publicly and officially proclaimed by the Executive.	461
1927 May 14 (228)	To the Minister in Nicaragua Reference to previous instruction to suggest to Nicaraguan Government that law of December 1, 1926, be amended so that proposed commission will have jurisdiction over personal injury claims; instructions to follow matter with a view to obtaining desired amendment.	463
June 15 (429)	From the Minister in Nicaragua Foreign Office assurances that amendment will be proposed at next session of Congress.	463
June 24 (157)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Presidential decree for elections to be held September 4 in departments where 1926 elections were not held because of revolution; creation of claims commission, commencement of preliminary sessions, and plan for commencement of regular sessions on July 1.	464
June 28 (103)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Observation that plan for claims commission was that Nicaraguan Congress, when constituted and called into session, should authorize creation of war claims commission to consist of American chairman, a Liberal and a Conservative member, and that commission now sitting should prepare claims and turn them over to new commission for settlement; instructions to advise if any change has been made in plan.	465
June 30 (163)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Advice that plan is being followed, that upon completion of preparation of claims about December 1, present commission made permanent, or its successor, will undertake special proceedings; plan to amend law to give American member veto power in appointment of Liberal member; Presidential appointment of Arguello Cervantes as Liberal member at suggestion of Liberals at Leon and recommendation of Minister.	465
Oct. 25 (291)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Improbability that Cervantes will be accepted by Liberals; opinion that first step should be to suggest that President Diaz appoint a man nominated by official representatives of Liberal Party.	466
Oct. 28 (168)	To the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Report of discussions with Moncada, who objects to Cervantes and maintains that American member should have veto power and deciding vote on claims; desire for views on veto power in light of Moncada’s position; information to Moncada that veto matter will be held in abeyance, but that Chargé will be authorized to suggest to President Diaz that Liberal member named by Liberal Party be substituted for Cervantes.	466
Nov. 2 (313)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Information that Dr. Enoc Aguado will be appointed Liberal member; opinion that a measure giving American member deciding vote would be politically inexpedient and unnecessary in view of high character of Nicaraguan members.	467
Nov. 8 (323)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Advice that Aguado took office on November 7.	468
Nov. 10 (186)	To the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Department’s agreement that, in view of appointment of Aguado, it is not necessary for American member to have deciding vote.	468
Nov. 12 (330)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Issuance of Presidential decree, November 10, calling on creditors to file with commission all claims against Nicaraguan Government up to June 30, 1927.	468
Nov. 17 (197)	To the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Instructions to inquire whether decree is intended to embrace only claims accruing from October 25, 1925, to June 30, 1927.	468
Nov. 18 (337)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Information that decree embraces only claims accruing from October 25, 1925, to June 30, 1927, and that provision might be made for any other claims in law extending power of commission, which may be brought up at next session of Congress.	468
Nov. 30 (210)	To the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Instructions to ascertain whether commission will pass on claim of Charles Butters for damages to San Albino mine by bandits subsequent to June 30.	469
Dec. 1 (355)	From the Chargé in Nicaragua (tel.) Information that commission will be able to pass on claims for losses suffered after June 30 only after passage of new legislation which will be recommended to Congress.	469

Proposal by President Diaz for a Treaty of Alliance Between the United States and Nicaragua

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Feb. 23 (359)	From the Minister in Nicaragua Notes from Foreign Minister, February 19 and 23 (texts printed), proposing treaty of alliance, defensive and offensive, to be accompanied by conventions providing financial, security, and sanitary plans.	469
Feb. 25 (55)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Approval by Congress of treaty proposals.	475
Feb. 26 (56)	From the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Congressional vote of confidence to President Diaz on proposed treaty policy; public enthusiasm for treaty.	477
Feb. 26 (47)	To the Minister in Nicaragua (tel.) Instructions to exercise precaution not to encourage belief that treaty of nature proposed will be acceptable to the U. S. Government.	477

NORWAY

Statement by Norway of Its Paramount Interest in the Island of the Mayen in the Arctic Ocean

[Page LXIV]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Feb. 16 (331)	To the Minister in Norway Information that Polarfront Company, American corporation headed by Hagbard Ekerold, established fox farms on Jan Mayen on land claimed by Mr. Ekerold in his own name in 1922, outside of land previously claimed by him on behalf of Norwegian Meteorological Institute, and that Norwegians connected with radio station on Jan Mayen have ordered company representatives not to fly American flag and have made other representations; instructions to inform Foreign Office of company’s claim.	479
May 3 (987)	From the Minister in Norway Foreign Office note, April 30, denying that Ekerold occupied land in his own name in 1922 and stating that Polarfront Company’s farms lie partly on land belonging to Institute (text printed).	480
June 18 (1015)	From the Minister in Norway Passage by Storting of bill appropriating 10,000 kroner to Mr. Christopher E. Ruud as settlement in connection with his occupation of Jan May en in 1917, on condition that all rights be assigned to Norwegian Government.	481
Aug. 26 (1043)	From the Minister in Norway Foreign Office note, August 23, reiterating opinion that Polar-front Company has no valid claim (text printed).	482

PANAMA

Proposals by Panama to Modify the Unperfected Treaty Between the United States and Panama, Signed July 28, 1926

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Jan. 6	From the Panaman Legation Proposal that article II of treaty signed July 28, 1926, be clarified by agreement that U. S. Government will deposit $1,250,000 to order of Panaman Government, the latter to undertake construction of roads of width and type it considers most suitable.	484
Jan. 19 (3)	To the Minister in Panama (tel.) Reluctance to conclude agreement proposed by Panama; willingness, however, to make concession if War Department offers no objection, in order not to jeopardize Panaman ratification of treaty; instructions to confer with Governor Walker and report views as to whether Assembly would fail to ratify treaty if United States should decline to make concession.	484
Jan. 21 (7)	From the Minister in Panama (tel.) Doubt that declination of proposal would materially influence Assembly’s decision because opposition to treaty is based largely on other reasons; concurrence of Governor Walker in opinion but nonobjection to changing road specifications or permitting construction by Panama.	486
Jan. 27 (9)	From the Minister in Panama (tel.) Decision by Assembly, January 26, to suspend consideration of treaty until President should have opportunity to negotiate for changes which would satisfy national aspirations.	486
Jan. 28	Memorandum by the Acting Chief of the Division of Latin American Affairs Conversation in which Panaman Chargé was advised that Department agreed in principle to Panaman proposal for clarification of article II; Chargér’s doubt that proposed agreement would be sufficient to obtain treaty ratification; decision to delay exchange of notes concerning article II until all views of Panaman Government are known.	487
Mar. 1	Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Latin American Affairs Conversation in which Panaman Minister discussed objections to treaty and, in response to inquiry concerning what Panaman Government wished to do, expressed desire to discuss matter further.	488

[Page LXV]

Statement by the Department of State That the United States Does Not Intend to Supervise Elections in Panama

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Dec. 14	From the Representatives of the National Coalition Porrista Party Appeal for U. S. assurance and guarantee of free and fair elections in Panama in 1928. (Footnote: Handed to Secretary of State on December 15 by ex-President Belisario Porras.)	490
Dec. 15 (373–D)	From the Panaman Minister Inquiry respecting policy as to question of intervention by United States in internal affairs of Panama.	493
Dec. 23	To the Panaman Minister Information that U. S. Government will carry out treaty obligations guaranteeing to maintain independence of Panama but does not intend to supervise elections; request that copy be transmitted to Dr. Porras.	494
Dec. 28	From Doctor Belisario Porras Arguments for U. S. supervision of elections; request that Secretary reconsider memorandum presented December 15 to the end that steps may be taken by U. S. Government to ensure holding of free and fair elections in Panama in 1928.	494

Reservation by the United States of Rights Regarding Radio and Railroad Construction in Panama

[Page LXVI]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Jan. 25 (1301)	From the Minister in Panama Signature of contract between Panaman Government and Tonosí Fruit Company, United Fruit subsidiary, for banana development at Tonosí which will include wharf, railway, and irrigation works construction.	499
Feb. 12 (16)	From the Minister in Panama (tel.) Opinion that article 12 of Tonosí contract now before Assembly violates existing arrangement between United States and Panama regarding wireless control; belief that protest should be lodged even if Department should be disposed to permit wireless installation on new plantation; request for instructions.	500
Feb. 14 (7)	To the Minister in Panama (tel.) Instructions to make immediate protest.	500
Feb. 17 (21)	From the Minister in Panama (tel.) Approval of contract by Assembly, February 16; presentation to Foreign Minister of note regarding wireless, and recognition by him and United Fruit Company of existing U. S.–Panaman arrangement; nonobjection by Panama Canal Governor to Tonosí railroad construction but desire that Panaman Government recognize fact that Panama Railroad Company concession gives company exclusive right to construct railroads on Isthmus; recommendation that note be presented reserving U. S. position; request for instructions.	501
Feb. 19 (8)	To the Minister in Panama (tel.) Instructions to present note as suggested.	501
Feb. 21 (1333)	From the Minister in Panama Note to Foreign Office reserving U. S. position regarding Tonosí railroad concession (text printed).	502
May 14 (1413)	From the Minister in Panama Foreign Office note, April 27 (text printed), asserting that concession cannot be interpreted as conferring exclusive right to construct railroads in all directions but is limited to railroads between Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean. Information that the two Governments have long disagreed on interpretation and that Legation has prepared memorandum on monopoly rights of the United States and Panama Railroad Company (text printed); request for instructions; suggestion that Foreign Office be advised that U. S. views have not changed and that reference be made to Legation’s note of March 3, 1921, which remains unanswered by Panaman Government.	502
June 3 (42)	To the Minister in Panama (tel.) Instructions to inform Foreign Office that U. S. position has not in any way changed since presentation of note of March 3, 1921.	516
Aug. 6 (78)	From the Minister in Panama (tel.) Information that Chiriqui Land Company, United Fruit subsidiary, has been authorized by contract with Panaman Government approved July 19, to construct railroads and to establish radio, telegraph, and telephone stations in Chiriqui Province; recommendation, although neither Legation nor Canal Governor perceive objection to railroad construction, that notes similar to those presented in Tonosí case be presented; request for instructions; report that concession has been awarded for construction of railroad having terminus on Lake Gatun.	516
Aug. 10 (52)	To the Minister in Panama (tel.) Instructions to ask President when reply to note on Tonosí wireless concession may be expected, and, upon receipt of assurances that Panaman Government shares U. S. Government’s views as to establishment of radio stations and railroads, to inform President of nonobjection to Chiriqui contract, stating that position remains same as expressed in former communications.	517
Aug. 12 (79)	From the Minister in Panama (tel.) Advice that, as Panaman Government has already expressed disagreement with Department’s views on railroad construction, Minister is withholding action on instructions of telegram No. 52 of August 10 regarding Chiriqui matter pending further instructions.	517
Aug. 16 (55)	To the Minister in Panama (tel.) Doubt that useful purpose would be served by presenting another note refuting Panaman Government’s position concerning railroad construction; authorization, however, to inform President again that failure to protest Chiriqui contract does not alter U. S. position with regard to question of railroads and radio.	518

[Page LXVII]

Protest by Panama Against Direct Negotiations Between Cuba and the Authorities of the Panama Canal in an Extradition Case

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 May 3 (D–145)	From the Panaman Minister Information that formal protest has been lodged with Cuban Government against direct negotiations with Panama Canal authorities in extradition case, in disregard of Panaman sovereignty; protest to U. S. Government against manner in which extradition was effected.	518
May 13	To the Panaman Minister Adherence to views expressed to Panaman Government in notes of June 12, July 7, and October 13, 1923, concerning extradition proceedings taken upon request of Chilean Government [i. e., that under Canal Act of 1912 U. S. Government has right to surrender fugitives in Canal Zone direct to foreign governments].	519

PARAGUAY

Concession by Paraguay to the Asunción Port Concession Corporation

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Jan. 28 (234)	From the Minister in Paraguay Support of President to Asunción Port Concession Corporation and assurance that matter will be presented for prompt action by next Congress.	521
Oct. 21 (421)	From the Minister in Paraguay Signature by President, October 20, of law passed at last session of Congress granting concession to Corporation; information that preparations are being made for an early construction.	522

PERSIA

Appointment and Services of an American Mission to Assist in the Administration of the Finances of Persia

[Page LXVIII][Page LXIX][Page LXX][Page LXXI][Page LXXII][Page LXXIII]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1922 Feb. 11	Memorandum by the Assistant Secretary of State Conversation between Secretary of State and British Ambassador concerning financial situation in Persia, Persia’s need for money and good financial advice, and possibility of an American as financial adviser to Persia.	523
Undated [Rec’d Apr. 20]	From the British Embassy Foreign Office memorandum, March 1, communicating views on Persian situation and assuring assistance and cooperation if U. S. Government decides to undertake task of improving internal administration and introducing sound financial methods (extract printed).	523
May 1	Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Near Eastern Affairs Conversation in which Persian Minister asked whether decision regarding advisers had been reached and was told that Department would probably not officially designate an adviser but would recommend persons from whom Persian Government might make selection, and that Department could not assume responsibility of insisting on a particular candidate; Persian Government’s desire for agricultural and mining experts in addition to financial experts and request for assistance in selecting them.	525
May 9 (33)	To the Minister in Persia (tel.) Instructions to inform Foreign Minister that careful consideration is being given to request for assistance in securing persons to act as advisers; advice that Department does not believe that U. S. Government should assume responsibility for actual appointment of financial adviser.	526
June 22	To the Persian Minister Suggestion that Persian Government may desire to consider Dr. A. C. Millspaugh, Economic Adviser of the Department, for appointment as Chief Financial Adviser; advice that if Dr. Millspaugh should be selected, all connection between him and Department will cease and that in suggesting an American citizen Government assumes no responsibility for any action which financial adviser may take as an official employed by Persian Government.	527
June 26	Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Near Eastern Affairs Conversation, June 23, at which Secretary’s note of June 22 was handed to Persian Minister; conversation, June 24, with Mr. Craigie of British Embassy, in which Department’s attitude toward advisers for Persia was outlined.	527
Aug. 22	To the British Ambassador Appreciation for assurances expressed in memorandum left at Department on April 20; information that appointment of Dr. Millspaugh as Administrator General of the Finances of Persia has been approved by Mejliss and that mission will soon leave for Persia; advice as to limit of U. S. Government’s action and responsibility.	529
Aug. 26	To the Persian Minister Communication of list of Americans recommended by Dr. Millspaugh for positions in financial administration; observation that Department does not assume responsibility for the persons suggested.	530
Nov. 14 (54)	To the Minister in Persia (tel.) Information that Millspaugh mission is en route, that Department cannot assume responsibility for activities while employed by Persian Government but takes sympathetic interest in their work; instructions to extend every protection and assistance to which they may be entitled as American citizens.	530
1924 Undated [Rec’d July 26]	From the Administrator General of the Finances of Persia (tel.) Information that mission have asked settlement in view of violation of contracts.	531
July 28 (67)	From the Minister in Persia (tel.) Information from Dr. Millspaugh, July 24, that on July 17 he sent protest to Persian Government, alleging violations of contract.	531
July 28 (68)	From the Minister in Persia (tel.) Transmission to Legation by Dr. Millspaugh under date of July 26, of copy of a communication of July 24 to Persian Government which requested arrangement for settlement with mission without delay.	532
July 30 (48)	To the Minister in Persia (tel.) Regret that circumstances have disposed Dr. Millspaugh to demand termination of contract; observation that if stipulations of contracts are respected, no ground exists for diplomatic interference; instructions, however, if Persian Government has not given pledges for future or is about to adopt course which may cause resignation of American officials, to make informal representations and to cable report.	532
July 31 (10)	From the Secretary of Legation and Acting Consul at Teheran (tel.) Conference between Prime Minister and Dr. Millspaugh, at which latter, despite Prime Minister’s promises, insisted upon settlement of contracts, believing that if mission should remain, present contracts must be canceled and new ones drawn with radical changes, including practically dictatorial powers in matters of budget and guarantee of army support.	533
Aug. 6 (84)	From the Minister in Persia (tel.) Information that Prime Minister has urged Dr. Millspaugh not to leave but that latter believes it preferable to terminate present contract, after which he could stipulate for undivided power over finances if he is desired to stay on.	533
Sept. 7 (637)	From the Chargé in Persia Conversations with Dr. Millspaugh on July 31 and September 5, and with Persian Minister of Finance, September 6, during which entire matter, advisers’ demands, and Persian Government’s attitude were fully discussed.	534
Sept. 18 (124)	From the Chargé in Persia (tel.) Efforts to persuade Dr. Millspaugh to give way in demands concerning termination of contracts and diminution of funds to Ministry of War, and suggestion that he attempt to prevail on Prime Minister to exert influence in Mejliss for passage of delayed fiscal measures; indication that Prime Minister will cooperate.	537
Oct. 6 (669)	From the Chargé in Persia Information that agreement has been reached between Dr. Millspaugh and Prime Minister whereby budget reductions will be accomplished, Army will give unlimited assistance in collection of taxes, administrative changes will be made in Ministry of Post and Telegraphs, questions of mission as to contract violations will be reviewed by new Persian commission, and advisers will not insist on cancelation and settlement of contracts before consenting to consider continuation of their services.	538
1925 Feb. 1 (7)	From the Chargé in Persia (tel.) Prime Minister’s assurance to Dr. Millspaugh that Government has no thought of allowing agreements with American mission to lapse at expiration on September 30, and expression of personal regard; information that Dr. Millspaugh plans trip to America to employ other assistants.	540
1926 Dec. 18 (52)	To the Minister in Persia (tel.) Persian Minister’s request that Department try to influence Dr. Millspaugh to abandon efforts to regulate finances of War Ministry and to hinder railway projects in Persia, and Department’s assurance that American Minister would be informed of request with a view to using unofficial influence to allay misunderstandings; instructions to confer with Dr. Millspaugh, report results, and own views.	541
Dec. 27 (70)	From the Minister in Persia (tel.) Information that Persian Minister’s representations are probably result of audience with Shah prior to departure for America, and before present situation arose; that relations between Dr. Millspaugh and Minister of War are better than ever before; and that in general position of mission appears to be better.	542
Dec. 30 (231)	From the Minister in Persia Discussion with Prime Minister of rumored intention of Persian Government to consider revision of certain articles of Millspaugh contract when its renewal should be officially decided upon; Prime Minister’s assurance of opposition to any diminution of powers now vested in Administrator General.	542
1927 Jan. 10 (528)	To the Minister in Persia Remarks of the Persian Minister upon presentation of letters of credence, December 7, 1926, and reply of President Coolidge (texts printed); observation that Minister may care to make informal reference to President’s remarks on the successful efforts of the American mission.	544
Jan. 19 (530)	To the Minister in Persia Belief that knowledge in Teheran of Department’s interest and satisfaction in activities of Millspaugh mission, as contained in statement by Secretary on January 1, may prove helpful in rendering informal assistance to Dr. Millspaugh in difficulties which may arise.	546
Feb. 4 (532)	To the Minister in Persia Instructions to lend unofficial good offices to endeavor to dissuade Persian Government from taking any action with regard to Administrator General that might defeat ends for which mission was engaged.	546
Feb. 22 (275)	From the Minister in Persia Observation that question of renewal of contracts due to expire in fall will hinge on decision as to retention of Dr. Millspaugh, who asserts he will not remain if any material curtailment of his authority is made; urgency of renewal question because Dr. Millspaugh and certain other advisers are entitled to leave of absence during summer which will extend to expiration date of contracts.	547
Undated	Memorandum of an Audience Given to the American Minister by Reza Shah Pahlavi, April 14, 1927 American Minister’s discussion with Shah concerning rumored dissatisfaction with American mission; efforts to explain Dr. Millspaugh’s position.	549
June 25 (43)	From the Minister in Persia (tel.) Information that draft of new contract has been formally submitted by Finance Minister to Dr. Millspaugh, who regards it as inadmissible and plans to submit views to Prime Minister.	551
June 30 (44)	From the Minister in Persia (tel.) Opinion that crisis over contract is becoming acute; request by Dr. Millspaugh that American Minister call on Shah and Prime Minister after submission of prepared statement; inquiry as to what Department will empower American Minister to say.	552
June 30 (31)	To the Minister in Persia (tel.) Recommendation that Minister represent that unfavorable impression will be made in America by information that Administrator General has not been accorded friendly participation in drafting of a new contract and that when his departure was already imminent he received proposals which were immediately published and by which his whole past administration seemed to be discredited.	552
July 8 (47)	From the Minister in Persia (tel.) Declaration by Shah that Finance Minister’s activities must not be construed as evidence of Government dissatisfaction with Dr. Millspaugh or design to bring about his withdrawal, although some changes in contract are required by present conditions, and instructions to Premier and Minister of Court to confer with Administrator General in preparation of new contract.	553
July 22 (49)	From the Minister in Persia (tel.) Failure of conference to bring helpful result; submission of new draft to Dr. Millspaugh through Finance Minister, with information that these are last proposals and must be answered before July 27; Dr. Millspaugh’s decision to reject contract and depart for America.	553
July 30 (50)	From the Minister in Persia (tel.) Refusal of contract by Dr. Millspaugh and plan for departure August 3 or 4; appointment by Mejliss of Prime Minister as Acting Administrator General for unexpired period of Dr. Millspaugh’s contract; decision of mission members to remain temporarily, in expectation that Government will either dismiss them or otherwise render itself liable to claims.	554
Aug. 2 (37)	To the Minister in Persia (tel.) Instructions to say to Persian Government, provided Minister perceives no objection, that American Government, recalling help which it gave unofficially at instance of Persian Government in selection of advisers, has now decided to reserve entire liberty in acting upon future requests which it may receive for assistance in promoting engagement of its nationals as advisers to Persian Government.	555
Aug. 4 (51)	From the Minister in Persia (tel.) Departure of Dr. Millspaugh.	555
Aug. 8 (39)	To the Minister in Persia (tel.) Request for information as to what action, if any, Minister took on basis of Department’s telegram No. 37 of August 2.	555
Aug. 9 (52)	From the Minister in Persia (tel.) Delay in giving effect to Department’s telegram No. 37 of August 2, for fear of provoking Government to hostility against mission members still in Persia; intention to delay delivery of note which Minister planned to address to Persian Government following day until Department confirms previous instructions; desire to be informed if Persian Legation presents further requests.	555
Aug. 9 (39 bis)	To the Minister in Persia (tel.) Nonreceipt of communications from Persian Minister regarding past or future of American advisers; confirmation of instructions, in view of American Minister’s decision that time has come to present note; instructions to advise action taken.	556
Aug. 13 (53)	From the Minister in Persia (tel.) Delivery of note.	556
Aug. 19 (414)	From the Minister in Persia Note to Acting Foreign Minister, dated August 11 (text printed), on basis of instructions in Department’s telegram No. 37 of August 2; lack of information as to exact effect note has had on Persian Government.	556
Aug. 29 (56)	From the Minister in Persia (tel.) Information that note of August 11 has irritated Foreign Ministry, which will prepare sharp note in reply, and that Acting Foreign Minister has urged American Minister to ask instructions to recall note or to so modify it as to preclude Persian Government’s rejoinder; objection to recall, but suggestion that to send a note of explanation might be helpful.	558
Aug. 29 (44)	To the Minister in Persia (tel.) Opinion that no adequate grounds exist for recall of note; instructions to advise Acting Foreign Minister that note is in no way to be regarded as attempt to interfere with or call in question acts of Persian Government in its disputes with foreign officers in its service, and that note referred only to the future.	559
Sept. 1 (59)	From the Minister in Persia (tel.) Information that on August 31 Acting Foreign Minister read sharp reply which he has been instructed to sign and deliver, and that upon receipt of aide-mémoire of explanation, he requested that American Minister ask instructions to withdraw note; disposition to withdraw note if Persian Government will accept stipulation that U. S. Government may in future renew expressions contained in note; request for instructions.	560
Sept. 1 (47)	To the Minister in Persia (tel.) Sanction of recall, at discretion, of note and aide-mémoire; instructions, if authorization is exercised, to explain orally that this action is taken because Persian Government has construed note in sense alien to Department’s intentions, but not to discuss position U. S. Government may hereafter adopt toward American advisers in Persian service.	560
Sept. 10 (431)	From the Minister in Persia Note of August 30 to Acting Foreign Minister, incorporating aide-mémoire of explanation (text printed).	561
Sept. 16 (60)	From the Minister in Persia (tel.) Information that note of August 11 was withdrawn on September 5 and that result appears satisfactory.	563
Sept. 22 (581)	To the Minister in Persia Statement made to the press by Dr. Millspaugh in Washington, September 17, concerning his work in Persia and circumstances of his withdrawal (text printed).	563

Notification by Persia of the Termination of Capitulations

[Page LXXIV][Page LXXV]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Apr. 27 (19)	From the Minister in Persia (tel.) Statement by Shah, April 26, that he had issued orders to Government to take steps for abolition of capitulations as soon as possible.	567
Apr. 30 (329)	From the Minister in Persia Meeting of diplomatic representatives of capitulatory powers, April 28, at which situation was informally discussed and American Minister stated he had received no intimation of any impending or drastic action by Persian Government.	567
May 2 (330)	From the Minister in Persia Information concerning reorganization of Ministry of Justice and Shah’s statement of April 26; order issued by Shah to Prime Minister concerning abolition of capitulations (text printed).	571
May 6 (341)	From the Minister in Persia Prime Minister’s statement to Mejliss, May 1, advising that preparations for abolition of capitulations will constitute most important object of Government’s program (extract printed); assurance by Prime Minister in conversation with American Minister, May 5, that Government has no intention to take precipitate action but desires to accomplish purpose by friendly and legal means.	573
May 10 (26)	From the Minister in Persia (tel.) Note from Foreign Minister (text printed) terminating treaty of 1856 between Persia and the United States on May 10, 1928, and expressing desire that during period while treaty remains in force U. S. Government take appropriate action for consummation of new treaty.	574
May 12 (18)	To the Minister in Persia (tel.) Instructions to report what action Persian Government has taken concerning treaties with other extraterritorial powers.	574
May 13 (27)	From the Minister in Persia (tel.) Information that all powers enjoying most-favored-nation rights under treaties which may be abrogated on year’s notice have received similar notes; that perpetual treaties with France and Spain will be terminated also on May 10, 1928; that British Legation was advised that foreign subjects in Persia will cease to enjoy consular jurisdiction and other privileges on that date, after which such privileges will be denied those governments claiming them on most-favored-nation principle. Decision of diplomatic body to submit to respective governments identical recommendations regarding acknowledgment to note of May 10.	575
May 14 (28)	From the Minister in Persia (tel.) Suggested form of acknowledgment to note of May 10 (text printed).	576
May 16 (19)	To the Minister in Persia (tel.) Draft note for presentation to Persian Government if and when other diplomatic representatives are authorized to present their draft note, stating U. S. Government’s readiness to consider questions raised in note of May 10 but desire as a preliminary to have precise information regarding new codes of justice and organization of courts proposed to replace consular jurisdiction (text printed); request for information regarding instructions received by colleagues.	576
May 17 (348)	From the Minister in Persia Résumé of circumstances probably responsible for Persian action; details of diplomatic body meeting of May 13.	577
May 18 (30)	From the Minister in Persia (tel.) Information that no instructions have been received by majority of colleagues; intention to send at once acknowledgment outlined in Department’s telegram No. 19 of May 16, and request for renewed authorization to do so.	583
May 18 (21)	To the Minister in Persia (tel.) Authorization to transmit note at once.	583
May 23 (35)	From the Minister in Persia (tel.) Delivery of note dated May 17 to Persian Government.	583
June 17 (373)	From the Minister in Persia Information that Belgian and possibly German colleague have acknowledged Persian note of May 10; opinion of colleagues that question of abolition of capitulations has passed into less acute stage and that it is unlikely that definite negotiations will be entered into by foreign governments for time being.	584
June 18 (374)	From the Minister in Persia Conversation with Prime Minister, June 17, concerning action in denouncing capitulatory treaties; American Minister’s inquiry whether in view of short time available for reorganization of judiciary and new treaty negotiations, validity period of treaties might be extended beyond May 10, 1928, and favorable intimation by Prime Minister. Opinion that U. S. Government might take lead in meeting situation in spirit of friendliness and possibly in demonstrating willingness to open negotiations for new treaty without committing itself on subject of capitulations.	586
June 22 (42)	From the Minister in Persia (tel.) Persian reply, June 20, to American note of May 17, inviting attention to fact that denunciation of treaty was accomplished on May 10, that progress of legal and judicial reforms will have no connection with denunciation of old treaties and consummation of new treaties, and expressing hope that Government will take action for new treaty (text printed). Information that German Minister received similar note.	587
June 24 (28)	To the Minister in Persia (tel.) Instructions to send informal reply to Persian note, stating that U. S. Government is not inclined to dispute Persian Government’s privilege to declare intention to terminate treaty of 1856 nor to contend that declaration is subject to conditions of any sort, but that information asked for in Legation’s note of May 17 is deemed indispensable.	588
June 28 (380)	From the Minister in Persia Persian note of June 20 and Legation’s reply thereto, June 26 (texts printed), in accordance with Department’s telegram No. 28 of June 24; observation that information requested concerning judicial reforms will be difficult to supply.	588
July 15 (390)	From the Minister in Persia Interview with Shah, July 8, in which American Minister explained attitude toward intended abolition of capitulations, negotiations for new treaty, and request for information as to actual state of judicial system, and Shah assured him that desired information would be collected and furnished. Suggestion that note verbale from Foreign Office which announces transfer of duties of legal representatives in provinces to Governors until May 10, 1928, is intended as indication of intention to terminate capitulatory regime on that date.	591

PERU

Proposed Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Consular Rights Between the United States and Peru

[Page LXXVI]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Aug. 19 (363)	To the Chargé in Peru Instructions to inquire whether Peru is disposed to enter into negotiations for treaty of friendship, commerce and consular rights based on unconditional most-favored-nation principle.	594
Sept. 17 (43)	From the Chargé in Peru (tel.) Receipt of Foreign Office note stating willingness to negotiate treaty, and desire that the same treatment now accorded Cuban sugar be extended to Peruvian sugar.	596
Sept. 29 (32)	To the Chargé in Peru (tel.) Information that special commercial relationship between Cuba and the United States makes it impossible to grant to Peruvian sugar same treatment accorded to Cuban sugar; instructions to endeavor to secure assent to negotiations for an unconditional most-favored-nation treaty, without special privileges or concessions by either Government.	596
Oct. 5 (47)	From the Chargé in Peru (tel.) Explanation to Foreign Minister and President of the special relationship between United States and Cuba; Peruvian Government’s willingness to set aside for present request for special treatment concerning Peruvian sugar and to enter into negotiations for unconditional most-favored-nation treaty; President’s desire for preferential treatment for Peruvian sugar in event Cuban treaty should be terminated.	597
Oct. 14 (36)	To the Chargé in Peru (tel.) Preparation of draft treaty. (Footnotes: Transmittal to Peru in instruction No. 384, November 2. Information that further negotiations failed to result in the signing of a treaty.)	598

POLAND

Request to the Polish Government That American Arms Manufacturers Be Given the Same Consideration as Those of Other Nations

[Page LXXVII][Page LXXVIII]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1925 Jan. 5 (1)	To the Minister in Poland (tel.) From London, January 1: Request by Colt Firearms Company for informal diplomatic intervention through American Minister at Warsaw because negotiations for sale of arms to Polish Government have been jeopardized by French Government’s intervention in behalf of Hotchkiss Company of France. To London: Inability to take action requested.	600
June 3 (46)	To the Minister in Poland (tel.) Instructions to ascertain whether arms purchase contract has been concluded by Polish Government.	600
June 4 (43)	From the Minister in Poland (tel.) Adoption of Browning automatic rifles by Polish Government committee on January 17; expectation of Colt agent that contract will be signed by end of June despite opposition of French interests.	601
July 3 (206)	From the Minister in Poland Memorandum by commercial attaché June 24 (text printed), advising further difficulty in Colt contract because Prime Minister refuses to sign, presumably on account of French efforts to hold up negotiations, and stating that attaché told Colt agent that he could do little in view of previous instructions from Washington.	601
Aug. 6 (70)	To the Minister in Poland (tel.) Instructions, in case opportunity is offered and without intervening in negotiations, that situation reported would justify oral indications to Polish Government of hope that proper consideration will be shown to American company concerned.	602
Aug. 17 (238)	From the Minister in Poland Oral representations during Prime Minister’s call, August 17, on basis of Department’s telegram No. 70 of August 6.	602
1926 Apr. 28 (404)	From the Minister in Poland Information that Polish Government has approved Browning machine gun and has asked Colt Company for submission of new bids on terms other than those considered in original contract; request by Colt representative that Legation intervene; opinion that Legation may not take any action and that there has been no unfairness or discrimination against company in this connection.	603
1927 Jan. 22 (7)	From the Chargé in Poland (tel.) Request by Colt agent for Legation’s assistance in effort to secure aircraft machine-gun orders from Polish Government, in view of pressure by British Legation and French military mission on behalf of Vickers and Hotchkiss, respectively; request for instructions whether to take action similar to that instructed in Department’s telegram No. 70 of August 6, 1925.	604
Jan. 24 (1)	To the Chargé in Poland (tel.) Instructions to take suitable occasion to inform Polish Government of U. S. Government’s expectation that American competitors will receive same consideration as that accorded to nationals of any other country.	604
June 25 (24)	To the. Minister in Poland (tel.) Information that Colt Company has reopened negotiations for sale of arms to Polish Government; authorization, if assistance is requested, to take action indicated in Department’s telegram No. 1 of January 24.	604
July 14 (1163)	From the Minister in Poland Information that official of Fabrique Nationale, Belgian licensee of Browning patents and associated with Colt Company in 1925 negotiations, has been empowered by Colt to act as agent in negotiations with Polish Government and has advised that all points of difference regarding contract have been adjusted except for amount of performance bond; information that chief competitor is Hotchkiss Arms Company, believed to be principally American-owned; request for instructions as to assistance Minister is expected to render in connection with contract, in view of lack of knowledge as to exact proportion of American interest in matter.	604
Aug. 16 (453)	To the Minister in Poland Directions to request instructions of Department if approached by any other company for assistance in negotiations for sale of arms to Polish Government.	606
Nov. 8 (1315)	From the Minister in Poland Refusal by Colt Company to accept terms arranged by Belgian agent, and notification thereof to Polish Government; information that Government has taken offense at disqualification of contract; intention of Fabrique Nationale official to continue negotiations in behalf of his own company.	607

Representations to the Polish Government for Increase in Contingent Allowed for Importation of American Automobiles

[Page LXXIX]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 June 27 (1125)	From the Minister in Poland Note to Foreign Minister, June 24, requesting that contingent for importation of American automobiles be allotted as soon as possible and that rules and regulations concerning granting of contingents be furnished (text printed).	609
July 25 (1173)	From the Minister in Poland Note from Foreign Minister, July 21, stating that contingent system is considered temporary, that balance of trade in U. S. favor proves that more generous treatment has been accorded than to other countries having commercial agreements with Poland, that study is being made of possibility of granting special contingent to American automobiles, assuring equitable treatment with other countries, and enclosing memorandum relative to procedure for contingents (texts printed).	611
July 30 (30)	To the Minister in Poland (tel.) Instructions to protest discrimination against American trade resulting from issuance to French concern of preponderance of permits for importation of tires and to request statement of basis on which system of contingents is applied; approval of action reported in despatch No. 1125 of June 27.	613
Aug. 20 (32)	To the Minister in Poland (tel.) Instructions to make additional representations, in view of unsatisfactory character of Foreign Office note of July 21, further defining U. S. Government’s position in matter of contingents, dissatisfaction with secrecy of administration of contingent system, desire for means of ascertaining whether equitable treatment guaranteed by modus vivendi is being accorded, and requesting figures on importation licenses for automobiles and tires.	614
Aug. 23 (1206)	From the Minister in Poland Note to Foreign Minister, August 18, concerning automobiles, tires, and tubes (text printed); oral assurance by Acting Foreign Minister that he would do utmost to secure additional contingents promptly; doubt that anything concrete will result from Legation’s representations.	615
Sept. 27 (66)	From the Minister in Poland (tel.) Receipt from Polish Government of verbal offer of contingent for automobiles of 320 metric tons quarterly, beginning January 1, 1928, 240 tons to be charged against General Motors and Ford companies, and of contingent for tires and tubes of 112 tons quarterly; observation that 320-ton contingent would include American cars assembled in Denmark.	618
Oct. 31 (47)	To the Minister in Poland (tel.) Instructions to inform Polish Government that (1) 320-ton quarterly contingent would be acceptable provided it does not include automobiles assembled from American parts in Denmark or other foreign countries, (2) 112-ton quarterly contingent for tires and tubes would be acceptable, (3) apportionment to certain American manufacturers should be left for negotiations between them and Polish authorities, (4) American contingents should be increased if other countries’ contingents are increased, and (5) information should be available at any time on licenses used or available for use.	619
Nov. 4 (78)	From the Minister in Poland (tel.) Inadvisability of continuing conversations until ready to state clearly position on matter of American automobiles assembled in Denmark.	621
Nov. 9 (51)	To the Minister in Poland (tel.) Desire for information regarding action Danish Minister is likely to take to obtain contingent for automobiles assembled in Denmark, should such cars be considered as of Danish origin, and for indication of possible amount of such a contingent.	621
Nov. 24 (82)	From the Minister in Poland (tel.) Information that Danish Minister has been authorized to give same protection to automobiles assembled in Denmark as to articles of Danish origin, and that amount of contingent which may be granted is not known; suggestions that if Legation were authorized to protect only direct importations, American interests would be best served, and that fair chance exists that by unofficial cooperation with Danish Legation, joint contingent greater than present offer of 320 tons quarterly may be obtained.	622
Dec. 8 (58)	To the Minister in Poland (tel.) Approval of suggestions in Minister’s telegram No. 82 of November 24 and instructions to confine negotiations to cars manufactured wholly in the United States, for which it is desired to obtain a contingent of 320 tons quarterly and in any case no less than obtained by any other country.	622
Dec. 23 (88)	From the Minister in Poland (tel.) Acceptance of contingent for automobiles of 250 tons quarterly in consideration of assurances that United States is receiving treatment equal to that granted to most-favored nation.	623

[Page LXXX]

Extradition Treaty Between the United States and Poland and Accompanying Protocol, Signed November 22, 1927

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Nov. 22	Treaty Between the United States of America and Poland For the extradition of fugitives from justice. Accompanying protocol (text printed).	624

RUMANIA

Proposed Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Consular Rights Between the United States and Rumania

Date and number	Subject	Page
1925 Dec. 11 (98)	From the Minister in Rumania (tel.) Request for specific instructions to undertake negotiation of treaty of friendship, commerce and consular rights based on principles of U. S.-German treaty of 1923.	631
Dec. 31 (70)	To the Minister in Rumania (tel.) Authorization to discuss matter with appropriate officials and report attitude, together with suggestions Minister may care to submit.	631
1926 Jan. 9 (111)	From the Minister in Rumania Foreign Office reply that general policy of Rumanian Government prevents immediate discussion of general commercial treaty but that when certain studies are completed, it will be glad to consider matter, and that in meantime it desires to exchange notes regulating commercial relations; request for instructions. (Footnote: Signature of exchange of notes according mutual unconditional most-favored-nation treatment in customs matters, February 26.)	632
1927 Apr. 2 (397)	From the Minister in Rumania Information that Rumania appears to be entering upon new commercial policy and that in no case will most-favored-nation clause be granted with respect to whole customs tariff; understanding, however, that United States will be granted most-favored-nation treatment in fact although not in theory; note to Foreign Office, March 24 (text printed), explaining attitude toward most-favored-nation principle and requesting that regime established by exchange of notes, February 26, 1926, be continued until superseded by general commercial treaty.	632
May 9 (19)	To the Minister in Rumania (tel.) Instructions that unless it becomes evident Rumania will consent to negotiate unconditional most-favored-nation treaty, best policy will be to attempt to maintain present modus vivendi as long as possible.	636
May 12 (416)	From the Minister in Rumania Information that for time being exchange of notes will remain in force; unlikelihood of modus vivendi being discontinued; apparent disagreement in Rumanian Government circles concerning basis of commercial treaty policy.	636
1928 Mar. 16 (555)	From the Minister in Rumania Preliminary studies by Foreign Office of U. S.-German treaty, after which delegation will confer with American Minister regarding possibility of drawing up commercial treaty.	637

[Page LXXXI]

Attitude of the Department of State Toward Protests by Jewish Groups Regarding Treatment of Jews in Rumania

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Jan. 10 (1)	From the Minister in Rumania (tel.) Information that Foreign Minister has called attention to resolutions of protest adopted by Jewish meetings in New York against anti-Semitic disorders in Rumania and has asked American Minister to inform Department of his observations on the subject during his stay in Rumania; opinion that no organized persecution exists. (Footnote: Resolution by American Jewish Congress (text printed), transmitted to Department in letter from Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, January 12.)	637
Jan. 13 (2)	To the Minister in Rumania (tel.) Protest by delegation headed by Rabbi Wise and request for U. S. Government’s intercession with Rumanian Government; press release (excerpt printed) concerning the interview, stating that Secretary gave lengthy and sympathetic hearing and will reply after making careful study of allegations.	638
Feb. 12	Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Near Eastern Affairs of a Conversation Between the Secretary of State, Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, and Judge Milton Strasburger Explanation by Secretary of inadmissibility of formal representations to a foreign government concerning its internal affairs, but willingness to call in Rumanian Minister and inform him of state of public opinion and of the expression that public opinion had recently received.	638
Feb. 17	Memorandum of a Conversation Between the Secretary of State, the Rumanian Minister, and the Chief of the Division of Near Eastern Affairs Informal expression to Rumanian Minister of attitude of American public opinion toward Jewish question in Rumania, and exhibition of communications received at Department, with particular attention to resolution of protest by American Jewish Congress.	640

Amends by the Rumanian Government for Injuries to an American Citizen Resulting From Riots at Oradea-Mare

[Page LXXXII]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Dec. 10 (41)	To the Minister in Rumania (tel.) Press report of wounding of Mr. W. N. Keller, an American citizen, by rioting Rumanian students engaged in anti-Semitic and anti-Magyar disturbances at Oradea-Mare; instructions to investigate and report.	641
Dec. 10 (508)	From the Minister in Rumania Report of anti-Semitic riots, December 5 and 6, in which Mr. Keller was attacked and injured; protest to Foreign Minister, December 9, requesting punishment of crime and payment of proper compensation to Mr. Keller (text printed); Foreign Minister’s Oppression of regret and assurance of satisfaction if situation as found to be as reported.	641
Dec. 11 (56)	From the Minister in Rumania (tel.) Apparent truthfulness of report; Foreign Minister’s assurance, December 10, of satisfaction as soon as Government investigation is completed.	643
Dec. 14 (58)	From the Minister in Rumania (tel.) Information that Keller case is settled except for determination of amount of claim.	643
Dec. 20 (511)	From the Minister in Rumania Report of progress of Keller case; information that only-question of amount of damages remains, and that claim will probably not be large.	643
1928 Feb. 18 (543)	From the Minister in Rumania Settlement of Keller claim for $2500; statement to press by Mr. Keller (text printed).	647

RUSSIA

Good Offices of the Norwegian Government in Behalf of Certain American Citizens Imprisoned in Russia

Date and number	Subject	Page
1926 Aug. 26 (298)	To the Chargé in Norway Instructions to bring informally to attention of Foreign Office plight of three American citizens, Messrs. Kudrasheff, Chevalier, and Kopman, who have been imprisoned by Soviet authorities, and to express hope that Norwegian Government may be willing to use its good offices in their behalf.	648
Nov. 22 (903)	From the Minister in Norway Promise of Foreign Office to use good offices; Foreign Office note, November 18, enclosing excerpt from report of Norwegian Minister in Russia which states that nothing can be done for Messrs. Kudrasheff and Kopman because they were born in Russia and reverted to status of Russian citizens upon return to that country, but that there are good prospects for release of Mr. Chevalier (texts printed).	649
Dec. 27 (918)	From the Minister in Norway Foreign Office note, December 22, stating that Legation in Moscow has learned privately that Mr. Chevalier has been released but that it could secure no information concerning Messrs. Kudrasheff and Kopman (text printed); information that appropriate expression of thanks has been made to Foreign Office.	651
1927 Mar. 10 (961)	From the Minister in Norway Foreign Office note, March 5, stating that Mr. Kopman has been freed (extract printed). (Footnote: Information from American consul general at Berlin in despatch dated February 28, 1928, that he had been advised that Mr. Kudrasheff died on January 31, 1927, of typhoid fever.)	652

[Page LXXXIII]

Statement by the Department of State of the Conditions Under Which Russian Purchases in the United States May Be Financed

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Oct. 17	From the Vice President of the American Locomotive Sales Corporation Confirmation of discussions at Department, October 14, concerning question of sale to State Railways of the Soviet Republic of railroad equipment on long term credit which may necessitate financial cooperation of banks and possibly sale by latter of securities to the public; request for information whether Department would look with favor upon contracts obtained on terms outlined.	652
Nov. 28	To the Vice President of the American Locomotive Sales Corporation Objection to financial projects involving flotation of loans in American market and to banking arrangements not incidental to sale of American commodities to Russia which have amounted to proposals for making advances to the Soviet regime; nonobjection to specific transaction under discussion, except if any financial arrangement would involve sale of securities to the public.	653

SPAIN

Representations to the Spanish Government for Fair Compensation to American Interests for Property Taken by the Spanish Petroleum Monopoly

[Page LXXXIV][Page LXXXV][Page LXXXVI][Page LXXXVII]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 June 10 (54)	From the Ambassador in Spain (tel.) Probability that Spanish Government may soon establish petroleum monopoly.	655
June 28 (409)	From the Ambassador in Spain Indication that decree establishing petroleum monopoly may soon be issued; Ambassador’s uncertainty as to form monopoly will take, but impression that fair price will be paid for all interests; intention to discuss matter with Gen. Primo de Rivera, President of Council of Ministers and Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, in view of large American petroleum interests affected.	655
June 28	Royal Decree-Law No. 1142, as Published in “La Nación,” June 30, 1927 Establishing petroleum monopoly.	659
Aug. 13 (65)	To the Ambassador in Spain (tel.) Information that while U. S. Government opposes establishment of monopolies generally, it cannot appropriately or effectively protest against establishment of petroleum monopoly in Spain, and that it expects full and fair compensation to expropriated companies; inadvisability of representations at present.	667
Aug. 26 (476)	From the Ambassador in Spain Plan to limit activities to observing and reporting developments; indication of organized opposition in Spain to monopoly, and chance that it may be abandoned.	668
Sept. 6 (500)	From the Ambassador in Spain Information that bids for the monopoly have been submitted by six organizations and are now being considered by a special board.	669
Sept. 23 (530)	From the Ambassador in Spain Preliminary acceptance, September 21, of bid tendered by Banco Urquijo group; possibility that two American and British interests, Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey and Royal Dutch Shell, have reached agreement on policy they will pursue.	670
Oct. 12 (562)	From the Ambassador in Spain Information that on October 3, after General Primo had twice failed to keep appointments, Standard Oil and Shell representatives left joint memorandum stating that neither would enter into any relations with monopoly to supply it with petroleum (text printed).	671
Oct. 21 (105)	From the Ambassador in Spain (tel.) Publication of Royal decree, October 20, empowering Stamp Tax Bureau to take any action necessary to assure supply, distribution, and sale of petroleum products until monopoly company, awarded to banking consortium by another decree of same date, is in operation, and authorizing Finance Minister to seize any petroleum organizations deemed necessary, with indemnification to be made later.	673
Oct. 22 (107)	From the Ambassador in Spain (tel.) Fear of foreign oil interests that stocks and property may be seized at once and inadequate compensation given, particularly for business goodwill; inquiry whether to be guided by Department’s telegram No. 65 of August 13, in case fair compensation is made.	674
Oct. 24	Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Western European Affairs Conversation with Standard Oil representatives, in which it was stated that U. S. Government could not assist American interests until denial of justice in indemnification or discrimination in favor of other foreign interests occurred.	674
Oct. 24 (583)	From the Ambassador in Spain Information that Department’s instructions are being awaited; Royal Decree-Laws No. 1753 and No. 1782, dated October 17, and published October 20 and 21, respectively (texts printed).	675
Nov. 1 (83)	To the Ambassador in Spain (tel.) Details of discussion with Standard Oil representative of U. S. policy toward protection of interests affected by monopoly; authorization to answer inquiries with this information and to state readiness to assist American companies to secure fair hearing in expropriation proceedings; information that Department can take no position on question of compensation for goodwill except as each case of expropriation arises.	680
Nov. 5 (112)	From the Ambassador in Spain (tel.) Suggestion, in view of British representations to Spanish Government for agreement regarding price and payment of adequate compensation prior to expropriation, that U. S. Government make representations.	682
Nov. 8 (85)	To the Ambassador in Spain (tel.) Authorization to inform Spanish Government that, while U. S. Government does not object in principle to establishment of oil monopoly, it expects that full and fair compensation will be made for value of property expropriated, including damages caused to other property by the expropriation, and expects no less favorable treatment for its nationals than is accorded nationals of other countries.	683
Nov. 11 (89)	To the Ambassador in Spain (tel.) Protest by Spanish Ambassador against refusal of Standard Oil and Shell companies to deal with petroleum monopoly; Department’s reply that question was not one with which it was concerned.	683
Nov. 14 (115)	From the Ambassador in Spain (tel.) Oral representations to General Primo on basis of Department’s telegram No. 85 of November 8; Primo’s assurance of nondiscrimination against Americans and of adequate compensation following expropriation.	684
Nov. 16 (622)	From the Ambassador in Spain Installation of petroleum monopoly inspectors in Madrid office of Babel and Nervion, Standard Oil Company subsidiary, and in Shell office under authority of Stamp Tax Bureau communications of November 3 (texts printed).	684
Nov. 16 (623)	From the Ambassador in Spain Details of interview with General Primo, November 14, at which Ambassador discussed U. S. attitude and presented memorandum dated November 10 making written representations (text printed).	687
Nov. 16 (269)	From the Spanish Ministry of State to the American Embassy Assurance that equal treatment in valuation of expropriated property will be applied to American, other foreign, and Spanish interests, and that fair compensation will be made for intrinsic value of properties but not for damages or loss resulting to an industry which ceases to do business.	693
Nov. 18 (120)	From the Ambassador in Spain (tel.) Observation that Spanish note declares Government’s right to take over any industry at any time without obligation to take account of earning power and goodwill; renewal by British of representations concerning advance compensation for expropriated property.	694
Nov. 22 (94)	To the Ambassador in Spain (tel.) Advice that representations already made adequately reserve U. S. position and that Department will await developments in such specific expropriation proceedings as may arise.	694
Nov. 30 (654)	From the Ambassador in Spain Seizure of Porto Pi Company plants, without action toward reimbursement or valuation; imminence of seizure of Alicante plant of Babel and Nervion Company, which recently refused monopoly company’s request to store oil; monopoly company’s request to Babel and Nervion, November 27, and company’s reply of refusal, November 28 (texts printed).	695
Dec. 1 (132)	From the Ambassador in Spain (tel.) Seizure of Alicante plant without compensation; advice that Ambassador has notified Spanish Government that he is aware of seizure and is reserving all rights.	698
Dec. 2 (99)	To the Ambassador in Spain (tel.) Instructions to ascertain if seizure is isolated instance and whether advance arrangements were made for valuation or agreement upon price.	698
Dec. 6 (133)	From the Ambassador in Spain (tel.) Information that Porto Pi seizure was without previous valuation; that Alicante plant has been arbitrarily directed to store monopoly supplies, without offer of compensation, and that company has protested seizure; that two Shell subsidiaries have received seizure notices, without valuation being made.	698
Dec. 7 (135)	From the Chargé in Spain (tel.) Information that Standard Oil Company made formal claim on December 5 for valuation and indemnification for entire oil properties, on basis of Spanish Constitution, Civil Code, Royal decree of June 28, and 1918 charter.	699
Dec. 7 (100)	To the Chargé in Spain (tel.) U. S. Government’s concern over seizures being made without attempt to arrange prompt payment of fair value of property; information that it looks to Spanish Government for prompt compensation for property seized and for use of property up to date of compensation; authorization to make representations in this sense.	700
Dec. 7 (665)	From the Chargé in Spain Monopoly company communication to Babel and Nervion, November 30, advising of Stamp Tax Bureau order for seizure of Alicante plant, and Ambassador’s note to Minister of State, December 1, stating awareness of seizure and reserving American rights (texts printed).	700
Dec. 14 (679)	From the Chargé in Spain Further representations to Minister of State, December 12 (text printed), on basis of Department’s telegram No. 100 of December 7; information that representations have also been made by the British and French Ambassadors.	703
Dec. 14 (685)	From the Chargé in Spain Protest to Finance Minister by Babel and Nervion, December 5, over seizure of Alicante plant, and monopoly company’s communication to Babel and Nervion, December 9, advising of Stamp Tax Bureau order for seizure of Valencia plant (texts printed).	705
Dec. 19 (142)	From the Chargé in Spain (tel.) Seizure, without previous notification, of plant at Malaga owned partly by Standard Oil Company; recommendation that strong verbal representations be made against arbitrary procedure.	711
Dec. 20 (104)	To the Chargé in Spain (tel.) Instructions to make further representations, stating concern over seizure of Malaga plant without previous notification and reiterating U. S. views in matter of compensation.	711
Dec. 20 (704)	From the Chargé in Spain Protest to Finance Minister by petroleum company, December 16, over seizure of Malaga plant without previous notification (text printed).	712
Dec. 22 (710)	From the Chargé in Spain Information that monopoly company has made gift of 1 million pesetas to be distributed to petroleum employees who will be discharged because of incorporation into monopoly of properties in which they are now employed; arrangements by Government for distribution thereof.	716
Dec. 26 (713)	From the Chargé in Spain Verbal representations to General Primo and presentation of note verbale dated December 23 (text printed); information that Chargé ignored any mention of note of December 21 from Ministry of State (text printed), which makes unsatisfactory reply to previous American representations; verbal representations to Minister of Finance.	717
Dec. 28 (715)	From the Chargé in Spain Continuance of seizures of Spanish and foreign-owned property without notification; monopoly company communication to Babel and Nervion, December 21 (text printed), advising of Stamp Tax Bureau order to proceed with seizure of 16 plants; decision of Vacuum Oil Company to cooperate with monopoly; information that Standard Oil and Shell interests maintain policy of refusal to supply monopoly and desire only to receive compensation for property and long-established business and to withdraw.	724
Dec. 30 (146)	From the Chargé in Spain (tel.) Publication of Royal decree making petroleum monopoly effective January 1, 1928; inquiry as to accuracy of Washington despatch in local press which states that compensation for expropriated property will be generous, that American Government is entirely satisfied with Spanish explanation of existing situation, that immediate payment will be made, and which purports to come from State Department.	728
Dec. 31 (103)	To the Chargé in Spain (tel.) Press statement (text printed) advising that Spanish assurances with respect to compensation, while indicative of hope, cannot be regarded as wholly satisfactory until translated into appropriate action.	729

[Page LXXXVIII]

Continuation of the Commercial “Modus Vivendi” Between the United States and Spain

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 May 25	Royal Decree No. 958, as Published in “Gaceta de Madrid,” May 26, 1927 Continuing, for a 6–months’ period, the commercial modus vivendi between the United States and Spain on most-favored-nation basis, and providing for conclusion of commercial treaty within that period and denouncement of modus vivendi.	729
Oct. 18 (103)	From the Ambassador in Spain (tel.) Suggestion that, because of uncertainty of prolongation of present commercial modus vivendi, negotiations be instituted to prolong agreement indefinitely, with provision for denunciation on 3 months’ notice.	730
Oct. 26 (371)	From the American Ambassador to the Spanish Minister of State for Foreign Affairs Proposal that modus vivendi be indefinitely extended, subject to denunciation on 3 months’ notice.	731
Nov. 7 (262)	From the Spanish Minister of State for Foreign Affairs to the American Ambassador Acceptance of proposal to extend modus vivendi indefinitely, until 3 months after denunciation or upon conclusion of new commercial treaty.	732
Nov. 7	Statement by the Spanish Government Published in “Gaceta de Madrid,” November 12, 1927 Announcing extension of modus vivendi.	733

Negotiations Concerning the American Embargo Against Spanish Fruits and Vegetables Affected by the Mediterranean Fruit Fly

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Aug. 10	To the Spanish Chargé Information, in response to Spanish Government’s request, that Department of Agriculture will send an expert about September 1 to examine situation in Spain with regard to infestation of grapes by Mediterranean fruit fly.	733
Sept. 19 (Dip. Ser. 660)	To Diplomatic and Consular Officers Statement by Secretary of Agriculture, August 20 (text printed), declaring that no trade considerations enter into any plant quarantine restrictions, which are based strictly on exclusion of pests.	734
Oct. 20 (104)	From the Ambassador in Spain (tel.) Recommendation that Foreign Office request for extension of expert’s investigation to tomato situation in Canary Islands be granted.	736
Oct. 20 (76)	To the Ambassador in Spain (tel.) Information that Department of Agriculture has authorized Canary Islands investigation.	736
Dec. 10	To the Spanish Ambassador Communication from Department of Agriculture, December 3 (text printed), stating that, on basis of American expert’s investigation, it is inadvisable to permit entry of Spanish grapes and oranges, but that Canary Islands and Spanish tomatoes may be permitted entry on condition of continued freedom from injurious insects; and outlining conditions under which other products are permitted entry.	737

[Page LXXXIX]

SWEDEN

Proposed Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Consular Rights Between the United States and Sweden

Date and number	Subject	Page
1925 July 24	To the Swedish Minister Transmittal of draft treaty of friendship, commerce and consular rights.	740
1927 Mar. 24	From the Swedish Legation Understandings and request for explanations with regard to provisions of draft treaty.	741
June 13	To the Swedish Minister Memorandum giving explanations requested (text printed); offer to discuss any matters on which further explanation is desired.	746
June 14	From the Swedish Minister Assurance that treaty matter has been taken up with Swedish Government and that offer will be availed of, should occasion arise. (Footnote: Information that continuation of negotiations did not result in conclusion of a treaty.)	753

Nonapplicability to the philippine islands of arrangements between the United States and Foreign Governments for Reciprocal Exemption From Income Tax on Shipping Profits

Date and number	Subject	Page
1926 Aug. 21	From the Swedish Legation Desire for extension to Philippine Islands of arrangement between United States and Sweden for reciprocal exemption from income tax on shipping profits.	754
1927 Aug. 10	To the Swedish Chargé Impossibility of extending reciprocal exemption to Philippine Islands, because the pertinent acts of Congress do not apply thereto, and Philippine law does not provide such exemption.	754

SWITZERLAND

Restrictions by Swiss Authorities Upon Diplomatic Immunities of Members of Staffs of Foreign Missions in Switzerland

[Page XC]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1926 Oct. 2 (523)	To the Minister in Switzerland Instructions, in connection with Swiss authorities’ refusal to act on Minister’s protest against imposition of traffic fine on his Swiss chauffeur, to make representations on grounds of the diplomatic immunity extended to members of staffs of foreign missions in the United States as a convenience and courtesy, and on basis of reciprocity.	756
1927 Jan. 29 (1104)	From the Chargé in Switzerland Refusal of Swiss Government to recognize jurisdictional immunity for Swiss subjects under any conditions or to see reason for granting immunity to American employees of Swiss Minister in the United States.	759
June 10 (1232)	From the Chargé in Switzerland Imposition by Swiss authorities of trespass fine on a clerk of the Legation; attitude of Swiss Government that chief of mission enjoys immunity for himself, family, and domestics, that other accredited diplomatic officers enjoy immunity from local jurisdiction and taxation, and that remainder of personnel are exempted by courtesy from local taxation and laws covering surrender of passports, but do not enjoy immunity from local police jurisdiction.	760
July 29 (24)	To the Minister in Switzerland Information that under international law the immunities enjoyed by a chief of mission are shared by his suite; instructions to recall matter to attention of authorities, expressing hope that charges will be dropped and pointing out extension of protection to clerks in foreign missions at Washington; suggestion that payment of fine under protest may be advisable if case is likely to be protracted.	762

TURKEY

Agreement Between the United States and Turkey To Establish Diplomatic and Consular Relations and To Preserve the “Status Quo” in Commercial Relations, Effected by Exchanges of Notes, February 17, 1927

[Page XCI][Page XCII][Page XCIII][Page XCIV][Page XCV]

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Jan. 4 (1)	To the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Information that general treaty between the United States and Turkey, signed at Lausanne, August 6, 1923, will be taken up in secret executive session of Senate, January 4.	765
Jan. 11 (5)	To the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Indications that Senate will soon either reject treaty or consent to ratification on condition that ratifications shall not be exchanged until United States shall have negotiated a naturalization convention with Turkey.	765
Jan. 13 (5)	From the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Belief of Turkish press that Senate ratification is foregone conclusion.	765
Jan. 13 (6)	To the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Instructions to endeavor discreetly to dispel idea that Senate approval is foregone conclusion.	766
Jan. 18 (9)	To the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Failure of Senate to approve treaty; instructions to prepare to proceed to Angora upon receipt of complete instructions.	766
Jan. 18 (10)	To the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Instructions to confer at Angora with Turkish Premier and Foreign Minister, explaining reasons for Senate refusal of consent and U. S. desire to maintain friendly relations; to endeavor to ascertain Turkish views toward present situation and possibility of (1) an exchange of notes providing for maintenance of status quo with regard to treatment of Turks in the United States and Americans in Turkey and for resumption of diplomatic relations, (2) exchange of notes according most-favored-nation treatment in customs matters, to be followed by a resumption of diplomatic relations, or (3) resumption of diplomatic negotiations without previous exchange of notes.	766
Jan. 19 (8)	From the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Request for instructions whether to intimate that Senate action is advisory and that President has not rejected treaty, and that it is possible that treaty may be resubmitted to next session; inquiry concerning procedure for resumption of diplomatic relations, in view of Turkish practice not to enter into diplomatic relations until after exchange of ratifications of treaty of amity.	768
Jan. 20 (12)	To the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Instructions to make clear that President has not rejected treaty but that Senate refused consent to ratification; doubt that resubmission to next session would be practicable because of political situation in Senate, but permission to sound out Turkish Government on this point; information that diplomatic relations would be resumed by accrediting an Ambassador; hope that either procedure (1) or (2) of Department’s telegram No. 10 of January 18 will be acceptable to Turkish Government in lieu of treaty of amity.	769
Jan. 21 (13)	To the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Editorial comment (extracts printed) criticizing Senate rejection of treaty.	769
Jan. 21 (11)	From the High Commission in Turkey (tel.) Departure of High Commissioner, Admiral Bristol, for Angora, January 20; information that Turkish editorial comment on nonratification is mild and devoid of hostile criticism or suggestions of retaliation (extract printed).	770
Jan. 22 (14)	To the High Commission in Turkey (tel.) Possibility that the recent change in attitude of some of the opponents of the treaty might be developed into something more tangible if Turkish Government should take an attitude which would indicate desirability of resubmission to Senate.	771
Jan. 22 (1)	From the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Information that aide-mémoire and oral explanations have been given to Foreign Minister as instructed, and that further conversations will be held January 24; Foreign Minister’s desire for further details concerning failure of ratification.	772
Jan. 23 (12)	From the High Commission in Turkey (tel.) Information that press comment continues to be conciliatory and friendly.	772
Jan. 23 (1)	To the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Further details concerning failure of ratification; instructions to keep in mind that main objective of present negotiations is to establish some kind of official relations, and later to attempt to revive treaty.	773
Jan. 24 (13)	From the High Commission in Turkey (tel.) Release to Angora and Constantinople press of substance of Department’s telegram No. 13 of January 21; Admiral Bristol’s request for comments of opposition press.	774
Jan. 24 (3)	From the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Foreign Minister’s suggestions: (1) Negotiation of simple treaty of amity which would facilitate renewal of existing modus vivendi; (2) preference for suggested treaty rather than resubmission of Lausanne Treaty; (3) inability to resume relations by appointing Ambassadors until after exchange of ratifications of treaty of amity. Request for instructions whether or not to make further attempts to secure agreement on resumption of diplomatic relations.	774
Jan. 25 (16)	To the High Commission in Turkey (tel.) Information that there has been little or no editorial comment approving Senate action.	777
Jan. 25 (4)	From the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Interest of Prime Minister in negotiation of a treaty of amity prior to appointment of Ambassadors.	777
Jan. 27 (3)	To the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Objections to treaty of amity as a condition to resumption of diplomatic relations; inquiry whether diplomatic and consular relations might be resumed on basis of exchange of notes which would cover practically all matters suggested by Foreign Minister.	778
Jan. 30 (5)	From the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Belief that Foreign Minister may possibly agree to exchange of notes; recommendation that formal proposals replace informal conversations and that a protocol of agreement, rather than exchange of notes, be signed, as formal procedure would probably be more acceptable; request for a free hand to renew at once commercial modus vivendi which is about to expire.	779
Feb. 1 (4)	To the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Approval of recommendations; instructions to commence formal negotiations for renewal of modus vivendi by exchange of notes, and for exchange of notes or protocol for resuming diplomatic and consular relations.	783
Feb. 1 (5)	To the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Provisions to be incorporated in proposed exchange of notes or protocol (text printed).	785
Feb. 3 (6)	From the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Agreement in principle by Turkish Government to exchange of notes; desire of Foreign Minister that provisions for negotiation of treaty of amity be included in proposed note; High Commissioner’s intention to try to induce him to accept protocol or note as full substitute for treaty of amity; suggestion that negotiation of a commercial convention might be offered as a substitute for Lausanne Treaty.	785
Feb. 6 (8)	From the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Urgent recommendation that Lausanne Treaty be resubmitted to Senate, even though it is understood in advance that action would probably not be taken during present session.	786
Feb. 7 (9)	From the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Draft note submitted to Turkish Government (text printed).	787
Feb. 8 (5[6?])	To the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Résumé of Department’s understanding of present status of negotiations; impracticability of immediate resubmission of treaty to Senate, and possibility that exchange of notes or protocol might furnish suitable occasion therefor; information that present objective is to secure assent to exchange of notes or protocol as outlined in Department’s telegram No. 5, February 1.	788
Feb. 10 (11)	From the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Foreign Minister’s acceptance in principle of draft note, with certain modifications, including removal of article covering commercial status quo and restatement in separate note; recommendation that Department approve as amended, grant authority to sign, and telegraph full powers.	791
Feb. 14 (7)	To the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Approval of texts of proposed notes; authorization to sign; minor modifications desired by Department desire that Turkish Government agree for the present not to give publicity to texts of the notes.	792
Feb. 16 (15)	From the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Press report (text printed) of substance of the negotiations; information that the notes as modified by Department’s instructions will be signed February 17.	793
Feb. 17	From the American High Commissioner to the Turkish Minister for Foreign Affairs Agreement for regularization of general relations between the United States and Turkey.	794
Feb. 17	From the Turkish Minister for Foreign Affairs to the American High Commissioner Agreement for regularization of general relations between Turkey and the United States.	796
Feb. 17	From the American High Commissioner to the Turkish Minister for Foreign Affairs Agreement for maintenance of the status quo in commercial relations.	797
Feb. 17	From the Turkish Minister for Foreign Affairs to the American High Commissioner Agreement for maintenance of the status quo in commercial relations.	798
Feb. 17 (16)	From the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Information that the notes have been signed and exchanged and are now in effect, and that, at request of Foreign Minister, additional note was exchanged stating that full powers to sign will be exchanged as soon as possible (text printed); request that full powers be sent; request for information as to when texts of notes may be released.	799
Feb. 21 (12)	To the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Arrangements for forwarding full powers; request for confirmation of understanding that notes will not require approval of Turkish Assembly before going into effect; intention to advise date when texts may be made public.	800
Feb. 23 (22)	From the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Confirmation of understanding that Assembly approval is not required.	800
Feb. 26 (14)	To the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Authorization to return to Constantinople at own discretion. (Footnote: Information that the High Commissioner advised by telegraph that he would leave for Constantinople on March 4.)	801
Mar. 2 (25)	From the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Recommendation that Department authorize concurrence in Turkish Government’s desire for prompt release of texts of notes.	801
Mar. 9 (23)	To the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Consent to release of texts of notes; instructions to make advance arrangements with Turkish Government for simultaneous release by both Governments.	801
Mar. 11 (16)	From the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Arrangements for release of texts of notes on March 15; concurrence in Turkish suggestion that only the notes on general and commercial relations be released, since full powers referred to in the other note have not been exchanged.	802
Mar. 19 (25)	To the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Instructions to proceed to Washington.	802
May 9 (43)	To the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Instructions to ascertain acceptability of the proposed appointment of Mr. Joseph C. Grew as Ambassador.	803
May 19 (36)	From the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Turkish Government’s approval of proposed appointment of Mr. Grew; inquiry whether official announcement may be made.	803
May 21 (49)	To the High Commissioner in Turkey (tel.) Information that official announcement was made May 20; authorization to confirm. (Footnote: Information that Ambassador Grew presented his letter of credence to the President of Turkey on October 12.)	803
May 24 (39)	From the Chargé in Turkey (tel.) Departure of Admiral Bristol.	804
May 25 (40)	From the Chargé in Turkey (tel.) Turkish inquiry as to acceptability of proposed appointment of Mouhtar Bey as Ambassador in the United States.	804
May 27 (52)	To the Chargé in Turkey (tel.) Instructions to inform Turkish Government of acceptability of proposed appointment. (Footnote: Information that the President received the Turkish Ambassador on December 5.)	804

Good Offices of the American Embassy in Support of the Reopening of American Schools in Turkey

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Nov. 5 (101)	From the Ambassador in Turkey (tel.) Information that Ambassador supported request by American Board of Missions to Foreign Ministry for permission to reopen certain schools in Anatolia; request for instructions, should permission be refused, whether to acquiesce tacitly or to press question; doubt that to make it a formal issue would be advisable.	804
Nov. 8 (93)	To the Ambassador in Turkey (tel.) Instructions not to make any formal issue of school question; nonobjection to informal use of arguments in support of reopening certain schools.	805
Nov. 23 (60)	From the Ambassador in Turkey Summary of status of American and other foreign schools in Turkey; aide-mémoire to Foreign Office, November 3, supporting American Board’s request for permission to reopen certain schools, and Foreign Minister’s reply, November 13, proposing negotiations with Board for purchase by Ministry of Public Instruction of American school property in Anatolia prior to considering question of reopening the schools (texts printed).	806
Dec. 30 (101)	From the Ambassador in Turkey Dispatch, at request of American Board official, of a letter to Foreign Minister, December 2 (text printed), asking that date be set for the desired conference; advice that as yet no reply has been received. (Footnote: Information that in telegram No. 25, February 26, 1928, the Embassy reported that Minister of Public Instruction had authorized addition of a technical section to American school at Mersifoun and reopening of the boys’ school at Sivas.)	810

[Page XCVI]

URUGUAY

Proposed Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Consular Rights Between the United States and Uruguay

Date and number	Subject	Page
1926 Sept. 6 (287)	From the Minister in Uruguay Interest of Acting Foreign Minister in American Minister’s informal remarks concerning lack of commercial treaty between the United States and Uruguay and benefits of recent U. S. treaties with Germany and Hungary on the unconditional most-favored-nation basis.	813
Oct. 11 (24)	To the Minister in Uruguay (tel.) Authorization, in own discretion, to advise Acting Foreign Minister that conversation had been reported to Department, which now instructs that a draft treaty be submitted if such a course would be acceptable.	814
Oct. 19 (315)	From the Minister in Uruguay Opinion that any attempt to initiate formal negotiations should be postponed pending election results and subsidence of agitation against American meat-packing interests; recommendation that activities be confined to creating a favorable attitude; desire for suggestions as to arguments which might aid in demonstrating benefits which would accrue to Uruguay through adoption of the treaty it is proposed to negotiate.	815
1927 June 21 (93)	To the Minister in Uruguay Explanation of advantages which would accrue to Uruguay; authorization, if deemed wise, to convey Department’s views to Uruguayan Government and ascertain informally attitude toward undertaking negotiations.	817
July 29 (51)	From the Minister in Uruguay (tel.) Readiness of Uruguayan Government to examine a draft treaty of friendship, commerce and consular rights.	819
Sept. 14 (15)	To the Minister in Uruguay (tel.) Information that draft is being prepared and will be forwarded. (Footnote: Information that no draft treaty appears to have been sent; that on September 21, 1928, the Minister in Uruguay stated it was unlikely Uruguay would enter into such a treaty chiefly because Uruguay was opposed to treaties containing the most-favored-nation clause.)	819

VENEZUELA

Proposed Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Consular Rights Between the United States and Venezuela

Date and number	Subject	Page
1926 Aug. 17 (1053)	To the Minister in Venezuela Instructions to ascertain attitude of Venezuelan Government toward undertaking negotiations for conclusion of a treaty of friendship, commerce and consular rights embodying unconditional most-favored-nation principle.	820
1927 July 7 (1354)	From the Minister in Venezuela Disinclination of Venezuelan Government to enter into negotiations, and reasons therefor. (Footnote: Information that there were no further negotiations for a treaty with Venezuela.)	823

[Page XCVII]

YEMEN

Disinclination of the United States To Enter Into Treaty Relations With the Imam of Yemen

Date and number	Subject	Page
1927 Mar. 15 (207)	From the Vice Consul at Aden Desire of Imam of Yemen to enter into treaty relations with the United States on basis of draft treaty of recognition, providing for friendship and freedom of commerce (text printed).	825
May 20	To the Vice Consul at Aden Disinclination to enter into formal treaty relations with Yemen; instructions to send informal reply expressing appreciation for evidence of friendship and good will and stating that the present time is not considered appropriate or opportune for entering into negotiations.	826

YUGOSLAVIA

Proposed Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Consular Rights Between the United States and Yugoslavia

Date and number	Subject	Page
1926 Aug. 7 (16)	To the Minister in the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (tel.) Instructions to ascertain whether Yugoslavia is disposed to enter into negotiation of a treaty of friendship, commerce and consular rights, containing unconditional most-favored-nation principle.	828
Sept. 1 (27)	From the Minister in the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (tel.) Yugoslav acceptance of proposal for treaty negotiations and inquiry whether U. S. Government would agree to negotiate conventions covering legal rights, judgments, nationality, extradition, and American inheritance rights.	828
1927 Mar. 23 (64)	To the Minister in the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Instructions to present draft treaty of friendship, commerce and consular rights (text printed); U. S. position concerning general and specific provisions thereof; information that draft treaty protects legal and inheritance rights; desire for opinion of Yugoslav Government on draft of naturalization convention previously submitted; unwillingness to consider new extradition convention until after receipt of more information concerning previous Yugoslav proposal to supplant existing U. S.-Serbia convention; disposition to receive draft of convention relating to judgments.	829
Dec. 22 (344)	From the Minister in the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Amplification of various changes in draft treaty suggested in Foreign Office aide-mémoire of October 20 (text printed). (Footnote: Information that negotiations did not result in the signing of a treaty.)	860