Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961–1963, Volume
XXI, Africa
Index
- Abbas, Ferhat, 21, 47
- Abdiyyah (Libya), 154
- Abdirascid, Ali Shermarche, 431, 446-454, 457, 461
- Abdullah, Moulay, 37n
- Abrams, Eugene, 402n
,
404, 406n
- Abscir, Gen., 441n
- Acheson, Dean, 559
- Achilles, Theodore C., 110–111
- Acly, Robert A., 512n
- Adams, Theo C., 41n
,
244n
- Addis Ababa Conference of African Chiefs of State, 569
- Aden, 482
- Adomakah (Ghana), 381
- Adoula, Cyrille, 552, 569
- Africa, North. See
North Africa; individual
countries.
- Africa region (see also individual countries), 281–283, 347
- Addis Ababa Conference of African Chiefs of State, 569
- African alliances, 329
- African radicalism, 320–322
- African unity, 410–411
- Algeria independence conflict position, 49arms control policy,
285–287,
297–298,
305atomic-free zone issue, 174, 286–287, 333
- Belgian colonies, 293
- British colonies, 284–285, 333
- British position, 288, 291–294, 307
- Casablanca Conference, 345–346
- Decade of Development, 304–305decolonization, 333
- Department of Defense position, 546
- Development Assistance Committee (DAC), 295
- Economic Council for Africa (ECA),
503–504
- Ellender remark, 325
- European minorities, 328
- French position, 290–294, 307
- Galvao hijacking, 339
- Guinea position, 410–411
- Joint Chiefs of Staff position, 498–500
-
Kennedy civil rights
message to Africa, 337–338leaders, U.S. appraisal of, 333–334
- Military Air Transport Service routes, 300–302, 334–337
- Monrovia conference, 287–288
- National Intelligence Estimates, 284–285, 299–300, 320–322
- Organization of African Unity, 332–334, 499
- Pan-African Freedom Movement of East and Central Africa, 329
- Pan-Africanism, 299–300
- Peace Corps program, 325–326
- Portuguese colonies, see
Portuguese colonial Africa
- Portuguese position, 583–584
- Portuguese relations, 654racism (see also
apartheid and racial policies under South
Africa), 333regional alliances, 299–300, 312
- South Africa issue, 339
- South African boycott, 334
- Soviet bloc military assistance, 305
- Soviet civil aviation routes, 314–318, 322–323, 335
- Soviet military assistance, 542
- Soviet position, 642
- Spanish colonies, 285
- Summit Conference of Independent African States, 332–333
- Tananarive Conference, 346
-
UN and, 292–293, 324, 499
- U.S. assistance to African nationalists, 543–545, 547, 552n
, 559,
560–562,
567–568
- U.S. civil aviation policy, 316–318
- U.S. economic assistance, 294–296, 303–305, 325–326, 329–330, 400
- U.S. Ghana policy, position on, 361
- U.S. military assistance, 283–284, 288,
311–313,
327–328
- U.S. military operations policy, 307–308, 319–320
- U.S. position, 331–332, 367,
510, 542, 563
- U.S. relations, 287–288, 302–303, 325–326, 328–329, 604
- Western aid, 324
-
Williams’ Africa for
Africans statement, 347n
- Agence France Presse (AFP), 422–423
- Agency for International Development (AID), 406–409
- Aklilou Habtewold, 443
- Alcoa Aluminum, 341
- Alexander, Gen., 352–353, 358n
- Algeria (see also
Morocco-Algeria border conflict), 2, 560
- armed forces, 83, 116, 133
- Bizerte crisis, 62–63
- China, People’s Republic of, relations, 30, 128
- Cuban military assistance, 24, 26, 29n
, 32–33, 35n
, 132–133
- Cuban relations, 11, 104, 105–107, 108,
110n
, 112, 123,
124n
, 125, 127,
128n
, 130, 132economic situation, 10, 108–109, 111–112, 123,
126–127,
134
- European minority, 108–109foreign policy, 110, 112, 123, 134–135
- French economic assistance, 72, 85, 111–112, 117,
120, 123, 124–125, 127, 129, 134
- French military assistance, 82, 83n
, 100n
, 101
- French relations, 97, 102–103, 110–112, 114, 121,
131n
, 134
- independence conflict, 1–2, 51
- African states position, 49
- Algiers military officers’ revolt, 59n
- Asian states position, 49cease-fire, 88, 90n
, 91
- European minority, 70–72, 87n
, 89
- French-Algerian negotiations, 44–45, 56, 56n
, 57, 62–64, 66,
70–73, 76
- French army loyalty, 46, 59
- French blockade, 60
- French position, 46, 47, 50,
55–56, 59–60, 62–66, 70–71,
77, 79n
, 80, 91
- French relations, 125
- Iraqi role, 73
- Joint Chiefs of Staff appraisal, 69
- Lebanese role, 73
- Moroccan position, 1, 72–73,
92
-
NATO role, 61
- November demonstrations, 71
- Organization Armee Secrete, 94–95
- partition, 70–72, 76,
82
- Sahara sovereignty issue, 62–65, 77
- Senegalese role, 73
- Swiss role, 62–65territory borders issue, 62–64
- Tunisia, rebel bases, 60
- Tunisian position, 1, 249
- U.N. role, 45, 48, 61,
77–78
- U.S.-Algerian relations, 74–75, 78–80,
84–90
- U.S. position, 5, 6, 47–53, 56–57,
66–67, 70–73, 84–87
- Joint Chiefs of Staff appraisal, 69,
81n
- Kabylie rebellion, 128, 134
- Libyan military stocks, 42
- Moroccan relations, 98
- Mouvement Nationaliste Algerienne, 57n
- nationalization, 126, 134n
- uclear testing in the Sahara, 123,
134
- Organization Armee Secrete, 44, 94–95
- Peace Corps program, 120–122
- political situation, 6, 34, 44–48, 57n
, 66,
94–95,
97–99,
102n
, 104, 109,
111–112,
126, 133–134
- Portuguese position, 582
- Soviet bloc relations, 6, 10, 72, 110, 115
- Soviet economic assistance, 127, 128
- Soviet military assistance, 17, 30, 100n
, 101,
128, 132–133, 206
- Soviet relations, 45, 128–129, 134
-
UN relief aid, 96
- United Arab Republic economic assistance, 115
- United Arab Republic military assistance, 17, 24, 26, 30, 32–33, 115, 132–133
- United Arab Republic relations, 9, 123, 135
- U.S. economic assistance, 72, 74–76, 85–86, 95–96, 99–100, 102–108, 111–115, 117–122, 125, 127,
129, 131n
, 330
- U.S. military assistance, 81–83, 86–87, 100–101, 114,
120
- U.S. relations, 11, 18–21, 24, 28–29, 35n
, 36–37, 40, 50–53, 56, 58n
, 67–68, 84–90, 93–94, 97–99, 110, 124–133
- U.S. trade relations, 119
- Ali Sabri, 30
- Allen, Arthur B., 40n
,
428n
, 429n
-
Alphand, Herve, 12, 44–45,
54–55, 60–61, 80, 91, 403
- Aluminum Ltd., 341
- Amer, Abdel Hakim, 123
- Amory, Robert, 272n
- Angola, 106, 285, 293–294, 329, 491–492
- Acheson memorandum, 559
- Angolan Nationalist Movement (MPLA), 551–552, 561
- Azores base issue, 493, 497–498, 545–546, 548–549, 556, 558–559, 570,
573, 576, 579
- Bakong tribe, 584
- British position, 541n
- Congo relations, 551–552, 553,
569
- French position, 541n
- Government of the Republic of Angola in Exile, 580
- insurgency movement, 579–580
- North Atlantic Council, 542–543
- Organization of African Unity position, 580political situation,
543, 551–552, 553, 561,
579–580
- Portuguese position, 548–549, 550,
583
-
Roberto insurgency, 553–554
- Union des Populations d’Angola (UPA), 543–544
- United Nations, 550, 564–567, 570–572
- U.S. assistance to nationalists, 543–545, 547, 552n
, 559,
567–568
- U.S. economic assistance, 558
- U.S. financial support of Holden
Roberto, 543–545, 547,
552n
, 561
- U.S. policy in the UN, 541, 555–556, 564–567
- U.S. weapons, Portuguese use of, 548–549, 551, 557,
573, 576
- Angolan Nationalist Movement (MPLA), 551–552, 561
- Apartheid and racial policies, South Africa, 501, 587–588, 591n
, 593, 599–600, 606, 609n
, 614–616, 620–623, 631–635, 640–642, 655, 659n
- Armstrong, Oscar V., 539n
- Ascension Island, 319–320
- Ashanti tribe, 354
- Atomic-free zone issue, 174, 286–287, 333
-
Attwood, William H., 392n
, 394n
, 397, 398, 407, 411, 419, 420n
- Australia, 540
- Azikiwe, 339
- Badeau, John S., 25n
,
30
- Bakong tribe, 584
-
Balafrej, Ahmed, 12, 26, 38, 193, 195–196, 199n
, 205–206, 208–209, 227, 228n
, 230
-
Balewa, Abubakar Tafawa, 288, 299, 334, 569
-
Ball, George W., 3n
, 27–29, 65n
, 69, 73n
, 77, 92, 93n
, 107–108, 123n
, 214n
, 215–216, 248n
,
260n
, 263n
, 264n
, 348, 351, 355–356, 358, 362, 392, 394n
, 520n
, 521n
,
555n
, 560n
, 565–567, 577–579, 582, 629, 637–638, 645n
- Banda, Hastings K., 508–509, 516, 525–526, 538
- Bangoura, Karim, 419
- Bantustans policy, 620–621, 623, 631–632, 641–642, 647–648
- Basutoland, 303
- Batista, Fulgencio, 125
- Battle, Lucius D., 173n
, 178n
, 184n
, 305n
, 373n
, 431n
, 516–518, 555n
, 559–560, 612–613
- Baxter, William O., 201
- Bechuanaland, 623
- Beigel, Edgar J., 542n
- Belgium, 293–294,
345
- Belk, Samuel H., 302–303, 359n
,
418–420, 545–546, 550–551, 553–554, 590n
- Belkhair, Yunis Abdel Nabi, 140–142
-
Bell, David E., 162n
, 173n
, 219n
, 221–222, 318n
, 343n
, 394n
- Bell, Jack, 290
-
Ben Bella, Ahmed, 6, 11, 16–17, 18n
, 23–24, 26,
28–29, 32, 34, 92, 97–99, 102–107, 109, 112, 114–115, 121–123, 126, 129, 131–134, 235n
, 334, 339, 569, 582
- Ben Geleil, 160
- Bengelloun, Ali, 15, 37–38, 92
- Ben Khedda, Benyoussef, 85, 88–89, 93, 97, 99n
- Ben Salah, 273
- Berard, Armand, 255
- Bergesen, Alf, 442n
,
445n
, 513n
- Bernades, Carlos Alfredo, 535
- Bingham, Jonathan B., 515, 626
- Bizerte crisis, 62–63, 250–252, 254–272
- Black, Eugene, 348–350
- Blake, J.J., 331n
- Bohlen, Charles E., 173n
, 175n
- Boke Bauxite Mine, 341–342, 395–396, 400
-
Bonsal, Phillip W., 72–73, 92, 99n
, 175, 178n
, 182, 184–186, 188–189, 193, 194n
, 199n
, 201–202, 203n
, 205–206, 208–210
- Botha, Pieter Willem, 618, 627
- Botsio, Kojo, 375
- Boumedienne, Col. Houari, 36, 104, 109, 128
-
Bourguiba, Habib, 6, 23, 26, 54–55, 56n
, 243, 245–249, 257–258, 260–261, 268–270, 271n
, 273–274, 291
- Bourguiba, Habib, Jr., 77, 251n
, 263
- Boussouf (Algeria), 66
-
Bowles, Chester B., 3n
, 170, 189n
,
289–290, 297, 303–305, 341–342, 351, 357, 358n
, 435–437, 438n
,
446, 546, 588–589, 591–592, 596–598, 603–605, 607n
, 608n
, 629
- Brazil, 535, 571
- Breitweiser, Maj. Gen. Robert A., 284n
- British Guinea, 577
- Bronez (DOD), 175n
, 598n
, 617n
- Brown, Harold, 588
-
Brown, L. Dean, 57n
, 65n
, 67n
, 73n
, 136n
, 175n
,
245n
, 248n
, 264n
, 279n
, 501n
, 542n
, 551n
, 647n
- Brown, Theodore E., 326n
-
Brubeck, William H., 389–390, 424, 458–460, 474n
, 480–481, 505–507, 525–526, 527n
,
536n
, 551n
, 573n
, 576, 577n
, 578n
, 605n
,
608n
, 644–645, 646n
, 653–660
-
Bruce, David K.E., 361, 524n
- Buckle, John F., 432n
,
435n
, 438n
-
Buffum, William B., 37n
, 65n
, 519n
, 533n
, 534n
, 564n
, 649n
- Bui River dam project, 357, 381
- Bulgaria, 115
-
Bundy, McGeorge, 11n
, 16, 17n
, 19n
, 23–24, 27n
, 28n
, 33–34, 36–37,
56–57, 70n
, 73n
, 92,
95–97, 99–100, 102n
, 115n
, 128–129, 149n
, 151–153, 178n
, 179n
, 182n
, 197n
, 198n
, 199–200, 216n
, 218n
, 219n
, 239, 290–292, 301n
, 302n
, 305n
,
310n
, 317n
, 318n
, 319–320, 325, 337, 354n
, 365–368, 369n
, 373n
, 390n
, 431n
, 458–460, 469n
, 474n
, 480–481, 491n
, 503–507, 516–518, 525–526, 527n
, 543–546, 548–549, 574n
, 576, 595–596, 603–605, 607–608, 612–613, 636–638, 643, 646n
, 649, 654–656, 658–660
- Bundy, William P., 69, 81n
, 185n
, 224, 491n
, 578, 608n
-
Burdett, William C., Jr., 287n
, 501n
, 509n
, 521n
, 522n
, 523n
, 534n
, 568n
, 574n
- Burke, Adm. Arleigh A., 455n
- Burris, Col. Howard L., 372–373
- Burundi, 330
- Butler, R.A., 524n
,
527, 529
- Cahn, Jean Beverly, 661n
- Calhoun, Chad, 357–358, 381, 384–386
- Camerouns, 325, 330
- Campbell, Waldemar, 624–625, 639n
- Canada, 311, 349,
376, 477, 540
- Canton, Col., 27, 235n
- Carr, Harry L., 144n
,
149n
- Casablanca Conference, 345–346
- Castro, Fidel, 11, 26, 104, 106, 130
- Central African Federation. See
Rhodesia-Nyasaland Federation.
- Central African Republic, 330
- Central Intelligence Agency, 17, 98–99
- Ceuta and Melilla, 33
- Ceylon, 254
- Chad, 314–315,
317, 330
- Challe, Gen., 59–61
- Chanderli, Abelkader, 67, 77, 90
- Chapin, William A., 524n
- Chase, Robert W., 4n
,
52n
, 57n
, 243n
, 244n
, 245n
, 246n
, 248n
- Chayes, Abram, 351, 355, 357n
,
362, 370, 394n
, 574n
- China, People’s Republic of, 30, 46, 128
- Chisimaio Port, 434, 440, 447, 454
-
Cleveland, Harlan, 251, 253n
, 255n
, 343n
,
501n
, 519n
, 534n
, 541n
, 564n
, 568n
, 570, 571, 574n
, 577–578, 640
- Clifton, Maj. Gen. Chester V., 14
- Cline, Ray S., 491n
- Coffin, Frank M., 348n
,
452, 453
- Cole, Temple G., 443n
- Collopy, Walter F.X., 1n
,
60n
, 245n
, 542n
- Congo, 129, 137,
293, 303, 325, 328–329
- Angolan relations, 507, 551–552, 553, 569
- Ethiopia, 443, 460
- Ghana, 345–347
- Guinea, 423
- Nyasaland, 508–509political situation, 346
- Tunisian troops, airlift, 253
-
UN role, 509
- U.S. economic assistance, 330
- U.S. policy in the UN, 343
- Congress, U.S., Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, 273n
- Connett, William B., 30n
- Conroy, E. Dennis, 525n
- Conseil de l’Entente countries, 312–313
- Conte, Seydou, 394n
,
395, 405–406, 415–418
- Convention Peoples’ Party (CPP), 363, 366, 379
- Cook, Philip R., 613n
-
Coote, Wendell B., 538n
- Counihan, Capt. John L., 182–183
-
Couve de Murville, Maurice, 67n
, 79n
, 80,
96n
, 253n
, 254, 257–259
- Cox, Capt., 204
- Crowe, Philip K., 586
- Cuba, 130, 323,
366, 380, 382, 414, 421
- Algeria, military assistance to, 24,
26, 29n
, 32–33, 35n
, 132–133
- Algerian relations, 11, 105–108, 110n
, 112, 123,
124n
, 125, 127,
128n
, 130, 132
- Ghanaian position, 380n
- U.S. position, 105–107, 127,
132, 414, 421
- Cummings, Cmdr. H.A., 331n
- Czechoslovakia, 106, 314, 323, 381, 431
- Daddah, Moktar Ould, 167
- Dahlab, Saad, 67n
, 68n
, 97
- Dahomey, 330, 374,
553
- Damao, 553
- Davies, Rodger P., 4n
,
22n
, 88n
- Davis, William B., 13n
,
385n
, 388n
-
De Gaulle, Charles, 45, 48, 50, 55, 56n
, 59n
, 61n
, 63–66, 70–71, 91, 97, 136, 254, 259–260, 266n
, 290–294, 403, 423
- De Mattos, Norton, 542n
- Dean, John Gunther, 420n
- Decade of Development, 304–305
- Decker, Gen. George R., 69n
-
Deming, Olcott H., 87n
, 512n
, 513n
, 514n
, 515n
, 607n
, 610n
, 617n
- Department of Defense position on Africa region, 546
- Development Assistance Committee (DAC),
295
- Diakite, Moussa, 402–404
- Diefenbaker, John G., 349
-
Dillon, C. Douglas, 282n
, 369
- Diu, 553
- Donahue, Richard, 466
- Dorman, John, 268–269
- Dorros, Leon G., 40n
,
383n
- Dorticos, Osvaldo, 106
- Duggan, William R., 491n
- Duke, Angier Biddle, 343n
-
Dulles, Allen W., 59–60, 392
-
Dumont, Donald, 357n
, 397n
, 401n
, 402n
, 541n
-
Dungan, Ralph, 95n
, 99n
, 167–169, 173n
, 272n
, 329–330, 550n
,
553–554
- Dunham, Chester G., 511n
, 513n
,
515n
, 523n
, 525n
- Dunn (South Africa), 630
- DuPont, John M., 538n
- DuPont (Southern Rhodesia), 526–527
- Durnan, James J., 610n
,
617n
- Dutton, Frederick G., 184n
- Easum, Donald B., 242n
- Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC),
503–504
- Economic Council for Africa (ECA), 503–504
- Edusel, Krobo, 375
- Egypt. See
United Arab Republic.
- Eisenberg, Robert, 341n
-
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 180, 243, 293, 477
-
Elbrick, C. Burke, 541n
, 542n
, 549n
, 552n
- Elizabeth II, Queen, 365
- Ellender, Allen J., 325
- Ellis, Harry H., 274n
- Entente countries, 312–313
- Eritrea, 445–446,
448
- Ethiopia, 325, 340, 421, 460
- British economic assistance, 433
- Congo, 443
- Eritrea, 445–446, 448
- Haile Selassie I University, 435
- Kagnew military facilities, 443, 447, 474,
487
- Ogaden region issue, 469–473
- Peace Corps program, 468
- political situation, 425–429, 488–489
- Portuguese colonial Africa, 469
- Portuguese relations, 469, 569
- Somalia border dispute, 39, 443, 445n
, 447,
458–460,
468–469,
473, 477
- South Africa, 469
-
UN and, 472
- U.S. economic assistance, 330, 433, 436,
475–477
- U.S. military assistance, 433, 435–437, 439–440, 442–445, 474–475, 477
- U.S. military assistance to Somalia and, 443–445, 448, 456,
463–465,
479–480,
483
- U.S. military facilities, 428–429, 499
- U.S. policy paper, 486–489
- U.S. relations, 427, 460, 463–464, 467–469, 476–480, 478–480, 486–488
- European minorities (see also
apartheid and racial policies under South Africa),
70–72, 87n
, 89, 108–109, 328
- Ewe tribe, 354
- Export-Import Bank, 348, 380
- Farmer, James L., 326n
- Fay, Paul B., Jr., 182–183
- Faysal, Prince, 25, 34
- Fekni, Mohieddine, 138n
, 154–157, 159–160
-
Ferguson, C. Vaughan, 287n
, 310, 341n
, 357n
, 360n
,
401n
, 511n
, 551n
-
Ferguson, John H., 17n
, 27, 28n
, 34, 35n
, 37n
, 212n
, 214n
, 218n
, 223–224, 229n
, 240
- Field, Winston J., 526–528, 530n
,
540
- Finletter, Thomas, 543
- FitzGerald, Dennis A., 322n
, 394n
- Fluker, J. Robert, 394n
- Force Publique, 345
- Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, 273n
- Fort Ajuda, 553
- Foulon, Robert C., 360n
, 495n
- Fourie, Bernardus Gerhardus, 627
- Fowler, Henry, 491n
- France, 45
- Africa colonial policy, 64
- Africa region, 290–294, 307
- Algeria (see also
independence conflict under Algeria)
- economic assistance, 72, 85, 111–112, 117, 120, 123–125, 127, 129, 134
- French-Algeria referendum, 46
- invasion scare, 59–60
- military assistance, 82, 83n
, 100n
,
101
- relations, 97, 102–103, 110–112, 114, 121, 131n
, 134
- Angola, 541n
- Bizerte crisis, 4, 6, 250–252, 254–272
- Congo, 293
- Egyptian relations, 45
- French Somaliland, 433
- Guinea, 293, 342
- Guinean relations, 403, 417–418, 423
- Konkoure River dam project, 342
- Mali, economic assistance to, 321
- Morocco:
- economic assistance, 2, 228
- military assistance, 20, 26, 30,
33, 43n
, 204, 226–227
- relations, 1, 9, 45,
237
- North Africa, 1–2, 5, 9, 45, 74political situation,
59n
- Portuguese colonial Africa, 571
- Sahara sovereignty issue, 62–66
- Senegal, 293
- Tunisia:
- Bizerte crisis, 4, 6, 250–252, 254–272
- economic and military assistance, 2, 242, 277
- relations, 1, 45, 247, 278
- United Nations, 293
- U.S. economic assistance, 290–294
- U.S. relations, 1–2, 44–45, 53, 60–61, 61n
, 64–65, 67n
, 80, 91, 95, 423
-
Franco, Generalissimo Francisco,
571
-
Fredericks, J. Wayne, 3–4, 30n
, 33,
65n
, 73n
, 88n
, 123n
, 229n
, 236n
, 245n
, 255n
, 263n
, 264n
, 388n
, 467n
, 509n
, 513n
, 525n
, 542n
, 564n
, 594n
, 598n
, 605n
, 607n
, 608n
, 610n
, 617n
, 623–624
- French Somaliland, 433
- Freund, Richard B., 360n
- Friedman, Richard, 519n
, 533n
, 649n
- Furnas, Howard E., 522n
, 523n
- Gabon, 330
- Galanto, Fred J., 462n
,
473n
, 482n
, 484, 490n
- Galvao, Henrique, 339
- Galvao hijacking, 339
- Gardner, Richard N., 533n
- Gathright, Wreathram E., 608n
- Gavin, James M., 58n
,
64–65, 67n
, 75n
, 79n
, 80, 91, 259, 266n
, 271n
, 272n
- Gbedemah, Komla Agbeli, 343–344, 350, 352n
, 358n
, 363n
, 366, 375
- Gebelt, Stephen G., 386n
, 388n
- Geren, Paul, 523n
- Germany, Federal Republic of:
- Getsinger, Norman, 27n
,
28n
- Ghana, 168, 196,
293, 325, 535
- African radicalism, 320–322
- aluminum projects, 341–342armed forces, 358n
- Ashanti tribe, 354
- British gold mines subsidy, 347
- British military assistance, 311, 376
- British position, 353, 366
- British relations, 365, 375
- Bui River dam project, 357, 381
- Canadian military assistance, 311,
376
- Communist influence, suppression of, 308–314
- Congo, 345–347, 375–376
- Convention Peoples’ Party (CPP),
363, 366, 379
- Cuba, 380n
- economic situation, 347, 364, 372–373, 376–377, 381,
391
- Ewe tribe, 354
- Export-Import Bank and, 348,
380foreign policy, 348n
, 373–374, 376,
391
- German economic assistance, 361, 366
- Ghana Trade Unions Congress, 376
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and, 348–350
- medical school project, 380
- nuclear tests, position, 366, 386n
- Nyasaland position, 509
- Nydell case, 385, 386n
, 387
- Pakistani military assistance, 311,
376
- Peace Corps program, 309
- political situation, 348n
, 352, 354, 358n
, 359–360, 363–364, 366–367, 375–376, 378–379, 381–384, 390–391
- Rhodesia, Southern, 533–534
- South African economic relations, 655
- Soviet bloc relations, 364, 367, 381,
382–383
- Soviet economic assistance, 357, 377
- Soviet military assistance, 348n
, 352–353
- Soviet relations, 308–309, 347,
348n
, 352, 361,
365–366,
375, 381
- United Nations, 345–346, 366,
383, 390
- U.S. economic assistance, 330, 341–342, 355–356, 358n
, 380, 382
- U.S. military assistance, 312–313, 376
- U.S. relations, 343–347, 349,
371–372,
375, 382, 385–391
- Volta River Hydroelectric (VALCO) project, 311, 341–342, 343n
, 348–351, 355, 357–362, 364–374, 376,
380–382,
385, 388–391
- Ghana Trade Unions Congress, 376
-
Gilpatric, Roswell L., 69, 178–180, 214–216, 226, 228n
, 238, 262, 289–290, 297, 318n
, 588–589, 591–592, 595–598, 601–602, 605, 607n
, 608,
629
- Gizenga, Antoine, 294, 346, 423, 508
- Glenn, Edmund S., 224n
,
292n
- Goa, 553
-
Godley, G. McMurtrie, II, 443n
- Goldstein, Gerald, 524n
- Gonzalez, Raymond E., 110n
- Goodpaster, Brig. Gen. Andrew J., 53n
- Gookin, Richard J., 144n
- Gordon, Kermit, 231n
- Gordon, Marcus, 433–434
- Gore, Albert, 365, 368
- Greene, Fred, 331n
- Greenhill, Denis A., 251, 535
- Gromyko, Andrei, 345
- Guedira, Agzic, 208, 240–241
- Guellal, Cherif, 11n
,
19–21, 123–128, 129n
- Guevara, Ernesto (Che), 123, 125
- Gullion, Edmund A., 552n
- Guinea, 168, 196,
293
- Africa region, 410–411
- African radicalism, 320–322
- aluminum projects, 341–342
- Boke Bauxite Mine, 341–342, 395–396, 400
- Communist influence, suppression of, 308–314
- Congo, 423
- economic situation, 403, 412–413, 416–417education, 414
- French relations, 403, 417–418, 423
- gold reserves, 403
- health and sanitation, 414
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and, 393, 395
- International Monetary Fund and, 402–403
- Kinkon dam project, 395, 397–398
- Konkoure River dam project, 342, 392–395, 398–400, 413
- Nyasaland, 509
- Peace Corps program, 393, 394n
, 398, 414
- political situation, 309, 311, 401
- Portuguese colonial Africa, position on, 581soap and oil products,
412–414
- Souapti dam project, 395, 397–398
- Soviet bloc relations, 321, 405, 416–417, 419,
448
- Soviet civil aviation routes, 315,
323
- Soviet economic assistance, 393–394, 416–417
- Soviet relations, 308–309, 311,
401, 413, 419, 422–423
- U.S. agricultural commodities assistance, 396, 406–409, 412,
420
- U.S. economic assistance, 309–310, 330,
341–342,
392–400,
402–409,
412–415,
417–418,
420n
, 424
- U.S. military assistance, 312–313
- U.S. relations, 340, 394–396, 402–405, 409–423
- Guiringaud (France), 272
- Habib, Philip C., 394n
,
399n
- Hackler, Windsor G., 445n
- Hadj, Messali, 57n
- Hadsel, Fred L., 41n
- Haile, Menassie, 479
- Haile Selassie, Emperor, 13, 15, 18n
, 23, 25–26, 28n
, 30–32, 36, 38–39, 333, 340, 426–428, 437n
, 443, 445n
, 447–448, 465n
,
476–480, 571
- Haile-Selassie, Ras Imru, 427, 429
- Halaby, Najeeb E., 317, 318n
- Hall, Pierson M., 401n
,
630n
, 647n
- Halm, W., 349n
, 381
-
Hamilton, Fowler, 440n
- Hammarskjold, Dag, 345
- Handley, William J., 31
- Hansen, Kenneth, 466
- Hare, Raymond A., 4n
,
51n
, 52n
, 162n
, 586
-
Harriman, W. Averell, 56n
, 160, 633–635
- Harrison (AID), 443n
, 445n
- Hartley, Virginia F., 167n
- Hartman, Arthur A., 303n
, 565n
-
Hassan II, King, 4, 6, 11, 16–17, 23–24, 26–28, 30–34, 37n
, 40–43, 92, 98–99, 133, 165–166,
175, 182–183, 193, 195, 198n
, 201–203, 205–206, 208–210, 223–227, 228n
,
235n
, 240–241, 361
- Hassan-Ferhat agreement of 1961, 21
- Haynes, Ulrich, 21n
,
660–661
- Heffner, Frank K., 21n
,
22n
, 41n
, 279n
, 482n
, 485n
- Height, Dorothy, 326n
- Heintges, Maj. Gen. John A., 149
- Helms, Richard, 491n
- Hennes, Richard V., 533n
, 534n
,
598n
, 608n
-
Herter, Christian A., 44n
- Herz, Martin F., 73n
,
287n
, 360n
, 590n
- High, George B., 567n
,
622n
- Hilliker, Grant G., 18n
,
236n
, 279n
, 647n
-
Hilsman, Roger, Jr., 314–315, 354, 358n
, 431, 543–544, 547
- Hinman, Carroll S., 149n
, 236n
-
Home, Lord, 251, 520–522, 577, 651
-
Hooper, Peter, Jr., 12n
, 13n
, 15n
, 26n
, 30n
, 34n
, 80n
, 84–87, 89n
, 93n
, 105n
, 131n
,
661n
- Horn of Africa region (see also individual
countries), 291, 340, 428, 432–433
- British-Italian-U.S. trilateral talks, 434–435
- British position, 432–435
- Italian position, 434
- Soviet bloc influence, 458
- United Nations and, 459–461, 472
- Houphouet-Boigny, Felix, 288, 299, 334, 370, 569, 585
- Hourani (Tunisia), 244, 263, 273n
- Hughes, Thomas L., 32, 579–580, 646–647
- Hunt, Thomas J., 440n
,
617n
- Hussein, King, 34
- Hutchinson, Edmond C., 149n
, 218n
,
273, 402n
, 404, 406n
, 435n
, 438n
, 484
- Ibrahim, Sid Moulay Abdullah, 176
- Idris I, King, 139, 142
- Imhof, Johannes V., 22n
,
44n
, 73n
, 88n
, 93n
, 270n
, 271n
- India, 34, 383
- Indonesia, 168
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), 348–350, 393, 395, 454
- International Monetary Fund (IMF), 402–403, 604, 606, 615
- Iraq, 73, 619
- Israel, 145
- Issa, Abdullah, 473n
,
490
- Italy:
- Horn of Africa region, position, 434
- Libyan relations, 9
- Somalia, military assistance to, 431,
433–434,
440, 455, 464, 483n
, 485–486
- Somalian relations, 459
- Ivory Coast, 291, 330, 370, 569, 585
- Jackson, Robert, 365
- Jacobssen, Per, 402
-
Johnson, Lyndon B., 144, 154, 339, 372–373, 659
-
Johnson, U. Alexis, 3n
, 73n
, 78–79, 173n
, 221, 239, 263n
, 307–309, 319–320, 327–328, 394n
,
491n
, 496–497, 544–547, 551n
, 633n
- Joint Chiefs of Staff, 46, 69, 81–83,
115–117, 143–144, 146–149, 180–181, 186, 211–212, 262, 285–287, 300–302, 308–314, 319, 334–337, 498–500, 640
-
Jones, John Wesley, 37n
, 136n
, 144,
145n
, 152
- Jones, William B., 467n
- Jooste, G.P., 609n
,
618, 625–627, 632, 652–653
- Jordan, 34
- Joxe, Louis, 44, 57,
64, 71
- Judd, Thomas M., 463n
,
473n
, 534n
, 536n
, 651n
- Junkermann, Col. Howard C., 100n
, 101, 137n
, 144n
, 145n
, 159n
, 172n
, 297n
, 327n
, 331n
, 442n
, 445n
, 455n
- Kabylie rebellion, 128, 134
- Kagnew military facilities, 443, 447, 474, 487
- Kaiser, Edgar, 357, 358, 384–386, 389
- Kaiser Aluminum, 341, 350n
- Kaldor, 350
- Kamitatu, Cleophas, 346
- Kasavubu, Joseph, 294, 508
- Kashmir dispute, 34
- Kassa, Assrate, 467–469, 478
- Kaunda, Kenneth, 511, 513, 517, 526, 527
-
Kaysen, Carl, 18–20, 214n
, 272–274, 326, 337, 379–386, 491n
, 555n
, 628n
-
Keita, Modibo, 28n
, 30–32, 36,
321, 334
- Kellermann, Henry J., 512n
- Kennedy, Edward M., 20, 343
-
Kennedy, John F., 165–166, 612–613
- Africa region, 132, 171, 281–283, 291–294, 302,
310, 325, 329–330, 337–340, 346–347, 387,
409–410,
423, 469, 537, 563
- Algeria, 11, 19, 20, 36–37, 40, 88–89, 93–94, 96n
, 97, 102–107, 113–115, 118–127, 129n
, 130–133, 237, 560
- Algerian independence conflict, 53–54, 59–61, 68n
, 70–73, 88–89, 91
- Angola, 106, 548–549, 555–556, 559
- Azores base issue, 559, 576
- balance of payments, 404, 414civil
rights message to Africa, 337–338
- colonialism, 106
- Congo, 106, 346, 410
- Cuba, 105–107, 127, 132, 414,
421
- Cuban-Algerian relations, 125
- defense budget, 180disarmament, 171
- Ethiopia, 451, 454, 467–469, 476–480
- foreign aid, 415
- France, 60–61, 91, 414–415
- Ghana, 343–349, 351–356, 358–360, 362,
365–374,
379–386,
388–391
- Guinea, 394, 397–405, 409–424
- Horn of Africa region, 425, 460–461
- Kashmir dispute, 451
- Latin America, 410
- Libya, 138n
,
139–140,
142–145,
157–160
- Mauritania, 193
- Morocco, 92, 161–162, 170–171, 177–178, 182–183, 187–189, 193, 195,
197–198,
202–205,
212–214,
218n
, 222–237
- Morocco-Algeria border conflict, 10–11, 16–17, 23–31, 340n
uclear testing, 576
- Nyasaland, 508–509, 538
- Pax Americana, 634
- Portugal, 421, 423, 562–563
- Portuguese colonial Africa, 493, 546n
, 547n
, 550–551, 562–563, 568–573, 577–579, 581–585
- racial discrimination, 422
- raw materials prices, 410
- Rhodesia, Northern, 512
- Rhodesia, Southern, 469,
520, 530, 536–538
- Rhodesia-Nyasaland Federation, 511,
516n
- Somalia, 439–440, 446–454, 457,
465–466,
480, 483–484
- South Africa, 421–422, 579,
593, 627–628, 636–638, 643–645, 651–654, 656–659
- South African region, 492–493, 496
- Soviet Union, 414
- Tanganyika, 356
- Tunisia, 243n
,
247–248,
258, 259n
, 260n
, 263–264, 275
- United Arab Republic, 237
- United Nations, 290–293
- Western hemisphere, 105
- Kennedy, Robert F., 496–497
- Kenney, George R., 341n
, 350n
- Kent, Jack H., 456n
- Kent, Robert F., 149n
,
386n
- Kenya, 285, 330,
339–340, 432–433
- Kenyatta, Jomo, 339
- Kerr, Peyton, 341n
,
350n
- Khemisti, Mohammed, 104n
, 124
- Kilduff, Malcolm, 137n
- King, Martin Luther, Jr., 326n
- Kinkon dam project, 395, 397–398
- Kitchen, Jeffrey, 218n
,
308n
, 337, 435n
, 438n
, 568n
,
608n
- Knox, M. Gordon, 523n
-
Kohler, Foy D., 51n
, 52n
, 54n
, 55, 60–61, 343n
, 541n
, 542n
, 546
-
Komer, Robert W., 10–11, 14, 16–17, 19–21, 23–26, 29–30, 33–34, 36, 56–57, 70–73, 76, 92, 95–97, 102–104, 114–115, 121, 123, 124n
, 127–131, 131n
, 142–144, 157–158, 159n
, 187–189, 197–200, 203n
, 204–205, 212–214, 218, 223n
, 228–229, 235–236, 446–449, 452–453, 460–461
- Konkoure River dam project, 342, 392–395, 398, 399–400, 413
- Korn, David, 65n
, 511n
-
Korry, Edward M., 465n
, 476, 478n
, 479, 569
- Kraft, Joseph, 110–111
- Krim, Belkasem, 66, 67n
, 68n
- Kuhangua, Jacob, 623–624
- Kyle, Monte E., 455n
,
462n
, 465n
- Labouret (France), 85
- Ladgham, Bahi, 255–256, 263, 273n
- Laghzaoui, Mohamed, 98–99
- Lang, William E., 178n
,
185n
, 194n
, 219n
, 586
- Latin America, 410
- Lebanon, 73
- Lebel, Claude, 67–68, 91, 251n
-
LeMay, Gen. Curtis E., 115n
, 117
-
Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman L., 83, 178–180, 214–215, 308–310
- Lennon, J.H., 525n
- Liban, Mohammed Awale, 466–467
- Liberia, 254, 312,
315, 325, 330, 361, 541, 569
- Libya, 51
- air force, 141, 145–149
- British military assistance, 141, 152
- British position, 147
- foreign policy, 156
- French attack from Algeria, 136
- Israel, U.S. military assistance to, 145
- Italian relations, 9oil, 139, 143, 155,
157, 158n
, 159–160
- political situation, 143
- Soviet relations, 314–315
- United Arab Republic relations, 5, 142
- United Nations, 145
- U.S. economic assistance, 138, 144–145, 149–150, 155–159, 330
- U.S. military assistance, 140–149, 151–153
- U.S. military facilities, 137–138, 143,
146, 154–160, 224, 499
- U.S. relations, 115–116, 139–140, 142–144, 154–155, 159–160
-
Lightner, E. Allan, 155n
- Linder, Harold, 348n
,
355
- Lindquist, Robert S., 167n
- Lister, Ernest A., 322n
- Little, Edward S., 105n
, 453n
, 521n
, 560n
- Loeb, James I., Jr., 424
- Logan, Alan, 399n
, 405n
- Looram, Matthew J., 538n
- Louw, Eric, 598–602, 605–606, 609–611, 620–622, 625–627, 630, 639, 642
-
Lumumba, Patrice, 294, 375
-
Luthuli, Albert John, 612–613
- Lyon, Cecil, 52n
, 53n
, 85, 253n
- MacDonald, John W., Jr., 65n
-
MacKnight, Jesse, 137n
, 519n
, 524n
, 525n
, 630n
, 647n
- Macleod, Iain, 508, 509n
, 528
-
Macmillan, Harold, 196n
, 293, 365, 368
- Madagascar, 621
- Maga, Hubert, 374
- Maghreb. See
North Africa.
- Mahoney, William P., Jr., 382, 384n
, 385n
, 386n
, 387, 389–391
- Malagasy Republic, 303, 323, 330
- Mali, 168, 196,
291, 366
- African radicalism, 320–322
- Communist influence, suppression of, 308–314
- French economic assistance, 321
- political situation, 309
- Soviet bloc relations, 321
- Soviet relations, 308–309, 315,
323
- U.S. economic assistance, 330
- U.S. military assistance, 312–313
- Manfull, Melvin L., 88n
,
196n
, 248n
, 264n
, 610n
- Manning, Robert J., 617n
- Mansfield, Michael, 125
- Martin, Edwin M., 348–349, 394n
,
605n
- Marvin, William G., Jr., 15n
- Mathews, Elbert G., 338n
, 495n
,
521n
, 522n
, 560n
, 623
- Mathieson, Olin, 341
- Mau, Frank A., 54n
- Maud (UK), 494
- Mauritania, 12, 33,
167–169, 330
- Mauritania-Morocco dispute, 33, 167–169, 193
- McBride, Robert H., 1n
,
52n
, 54n
, 57n
, 242n
, 287n
- McClanahan, Grant V., 149n
, 154n
,
155n
, 159n
-
McClintic, Stephen H., 11n
, 15n
, 37n
, 38n
, 167n
, 172n
,
175n
, 196n
, 200n
, 202n
, 206n
, 249n
, 250n
, 255n
-
McCone, John A., 318n
, 369–370, 567
-
McGhee, George C., 80n
, 87n
, 88n
, 89–90, 92, 110n
, 170n
, 282n
, 294n
, 318n
, 322n
, 386n
, 491n
, 522n
, 523n
, 560n
, 562n
- McKesson, John A., III, 37n
, 159n
,
538n
, 574n
- McMillan, Brockway, 608
-
McNamara, Robert S., 81–83, 115–117, 140–143, 146–149, 151–153, 178n
, 180–181, 185–186, 211–212, 284n
, 285–287, 300–302, 310n
, 334–337, 370, 573
- McQuade (DOD), 297n
- Meade, Frazier, 22n
- Meeker, Leonard C., 501n
, 568n
- Mekasha, Getachew, 456n
- Melilla and Ceuta, 33
- Meloy, Francis E., Jr., 581n
- Merchant, Livingston T., 46
- Mikoyan, Anastas, 311
- Military Air Transport Service routes, 300–302, 334–337
- Miller, Frederick H., 69n
- Mobutu, Col. Joseph, 552
- Moffett, James D., 429n
- Mohammed V, King, 161, 162n
, 165–166, 168, 175, 177, 179n
,
180
- Mokkadem, Sadok, 67n
,
266–267
- Monrovia conference, 287–288
- Monsma, George N., 534n
- Morocco (see also
Morocco-Algeria border conflict), 51, 361, 535n
- African denuclearization, 174
- Algeria independence conflict position, 1, 72–73, 92
- Algerian arms buildup, 133
- Algerian relations, 98
- Ceuta and Melilla, 33
- foreign policy, 235n
- French economic assistance, 2, 228
- French military assistance, 20, 26, 30, 33, 43n
, 204,
226–227
- French relations, 9, 45, 237
- Hassan-Ferhat agreement of 1961, 21
- Mauritania dispute, 33, 167–169, 193
- North African territorial claims, 33
- political situation, 6, 34, 176, 202, 205,
235–236
- Sahara sovereignty issue, 65
- Soviet bloc relations, 6
- Soviet military assistance, 33, 42–43, 161–163, 165–166, 172, 185,
187, 196, 199–202, 205–206, 212
- Soviet relations, 209n
- Spanish enclaves dispute, 33, 188
- Spanish military assistance, 20, 43n
- Spanish relations, 4, 33, 188, 237
- Spanish Saharan colonies, 285
- Tangier shipyard proposal, 213territorial claims, 33, 285
- U.S. economic assistance, 1–2, 28n
, 29n
, 30, 32, 42–43, 130, 165, 172,
191, 213, 219, 222, 228, 233–235, 238, 330
- U.S. military assistance, 17, 21–22, 25–26, 28n
, 29n
, 30, 32–34, 40, 42–43, 163–164, 166, 172–173, 177,
184–189,
191–192,
196–199,
204–210,
212–214,
219, 222–224, 228, 230–233
- U.S. military facilities, 2, 6, 19, 166, 170–171, 173–186, 190–193, 201–202, 211–212, 214–221, 223–227, 229–231, 238–241, 499
- U.S. naval bases, 171, 182–183, 194–195, 203–204, 210n
, 212–213, 220–221, 224–228, 230
- U.S. relations, 4, 26–28, 30–31, 35n
, 37n
, 92, 115–116, 184–185, 195–196, 202–203, 208–210, 218,
223, 231
- Voice of America facilities, 217, 231
- Morocco-Algeria border conflict:
- Algerian position, 11, 13, 18n
, 19–21, 23, 130–131, 133
- Arab League role, 23
- cease-fire, 31, 32, 35, 37
- China, People’s Republic of, position, 16
- Cuban role, 42
- Ethiopian position, 39
- Ethiopian role, 13, 15, 36, 38
- French position, 12–13, 20, 26, 43n
- Mali role, 36, 38
- Moroccan position, 12, 15, 19, 21, 23–24, 37–38, 40–43
- Organization of African Unity role, 13–15, 18–19, 23, 25, 30–32, 38–42, 45, 135
- Soviet position, 16
- Soviet role, 42
- Spanish position, 17, 20
- Swiss role, 13
-
UN role, 13, 15, 20, 23, 25, 38
- United Arab Republic intervention, 36,
37–38
- United Arab Republic position, 16, 25–26
- U.S. involvement, allegations of, 14,
16n
, 20
- U.S. position, 10–24, 27–31, 135, 340
- Yugoslav role, 18
- Mossler, John R., 145n
,
149n
- Mouvement Nationaliste Algerienne, 57n
- Mozambique, 285, 315, 329, 491, 538, 545n
, 553, 563
- Mulcahy, Edward W., 524n
, 530n
- Muller, Willard C., 462n
- Munoz Grandes, Agustin, 43n
- Murrow, Edward R., 325
- Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 4–5, 23–24,
26, 30, 34, 38, 106, 115, 135, 227, 235n
, 334
- National Broadcasting Company (NBC), 550
- National Intelligence Estimates (see also
Special National Intelligence Estimates):
- National Security Action Memoranda:
- No. 16, 281
- No. 33, 590
- No. 34, 171,
173
- No. 60, 546n
- No. 77, 548n
- No. 89, 352n
- No. 102, 189–192
- No. 121, 198–199
- No. 211, 113
- No. 221, 122
- No. 232, 231–232
- No. 244, 371
- National Security Council, 369–371, 375–377
- Naude, Willem C., 587–588, 619–621, 640–642, 647–648, 652
- Neo-Destour party, 276–277
- Neto, Agostinho, 561
- Newman, George, 137n
,
175n
, 206n
, 219n
, 591n
-
Newsom, David D., 4n
, 11n
, 18n
, 19n
, 21n
, 22n
, 26n
, 27n
, 28n
, 29n
, 30n
, 34n
, 38n
, 40n
, 41n
, 107n
, 144n
, 145n
, 159n
, 219n
, 229n
, 236n
, 442n
, 453n
, 462n
, 469–473, 473n
, 478n
, 490n
- Nicosia conference, 3
- Niger, 314–315,
317, 330, 361
- Nigeria, 291, 312–313, 315, 329–330, 339, 540, 569
- Nitze, Paul H., 140n
,
173n
, 178n
, 239n
, 310, 327–328, 343n
, 428–429, 491n
,
586n
-
Nkomo, Joshua, 517, 528
-
Nkrumah, Kwame, 288, 309, 325, 333–334, 343–347, 349, 351, 358n
, 363–364, 366–367, 371–376, 378–382, 384–387, 385n
,
389–391, 509
- Nkumbula, Harry, 527
- Nogueira, Franco, 549, 562–563, 565–567, 575, 578n
,
579, 581–585
- North Africa (see also individual
countries), 2, 7–9
- economic situation, 1–2, 7, 9
- European relations, 5, 9, 10
- French relations, 1–2, 5, 9, 45, 74
- Joint Chiefs of Staff position, 499–500
- Moroccan territorial claims, 33
- nationalism, influence of, 3
- Nicosia conference, 3
- political situation, 9
- Sino-Soviet involvement, 46
-
UN role, 4
- U.S. economic assistance, 3–4, 6–7
- U.S. military assistance, 4, 6
- U.S. military bases, 3–4
- U.S. policy, 5–10
- North Atlantic Council (NAC), 542–543
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 61, 498
- Northern Rhodesia. See
Rhodesia, Northern.
- Norway, 535, 638,
656
- Nujoma, Samuel, 622–624
- Nyasaland (see also
Rhodesia-Nyasaland Federation), 303, 329, 516–517, 525–526
- Nydell, Carl C., 385, 386
- Nydell case, 385, 386n
, 387
-
Nyerere, Julius, 334, 422, 553, 569
- Oakley, Robert B., 568n
-
Obote, A. Milton, 334
- O’Donnell, Kenneth, 182n
- Ogaden region. See
Ethiopian border dispute under Somalia.
- Oil, 139, 143,
155, 157, 158n
, 159–160
- Olympio, Sylvanus, 374
- O’Mahoney, Joseph E., 463n
, 482n
,
485n
- O’Neill, Paul W., Jr., 473n
- Organization Armee Secrete, 44, 94–95
- Organization of African Unity (OAU), 13–15, 332–334, 488, 499, 580
-
Ormsby Gore, David, 519, 536, 540
- Ortiz, Frank V., Jr., 22n
, 41n
- O’Sheel, Patrick, 401n
- Osman, Aden Abdullah, 431
- Oufkir, Gen., 17
- Oulashin, Eric E., 462n
- Overseas Companies of Portugal lobby, 550,
554
- Owen, Henry, 491n
- Packard, Robert F., 598n
, 617n
- Padberg, Eugene L., 350n
, 357n
- Pakistan, 34, 311,
376
-
Palmer, Joseph, II, 81n
- Pan-African Freedom Movement of East and Central Africa, 329
- Pan-Africanism, 299–300
- Parker, Maj. Gen. T.W., 491n
, 519n
,
649n
- Peace Corps program, 120–122, 309, 325–326, 393, 394n
,
398, 414, 458, 468, 481, 525–526
- Pelcovits, Nathan, 253n
- Penfield, James K., 51n
,
52n
, 136n
, 161n
, 162n
, 167n
, 287n
, 301n
, 341–343, 344n
, 428–429, 587
- Pereira, Pedro, 550
- Perkins, Raymond L., 343n
- Pezzullo, Lawrence A., 93n
- Phili, Peter, 618
- Philippines, 535n
- Picard, Frederick P., III, 509n
- Pletcher, Charles H., 514
- Plimpton, Francis T.P., 505–507
- Polansky, Sol, 463n
- Polk, William, 100–101
- Poole, Peter A., 420n
- Porson, Sophia, 409n
,
411n
, 415n
-
Porter, William J., 16n
, 18n
, 29n
, 35n
, 37, 43n
, 97,
99n
, 104n
, 111–112, 114, 118, 121, 123, 126–127
- Portugal (see also
Angola; Mozambique; Portuguese colonial Africa; Portuguese Guinea), 106, 293, 339
- Africa region, 284–285, 293,
583–584,
654
- Algeria, 582
- Angola, 548–549, 550, 583
- Angola, use of U.S. weapons, 548–549, 551,
557, 573, 576
- Azores base issue, 493, 497–498, 500, 545–546, 548–549, 556,
558–559,
570, 573, 576, 579
- Ethiopian relations, 469, 569
- National Broadcasting Company film, 550
- Overseas Companies of Portugal lobby, 550, 554
-
UN Economic and Social Council
expulsion, 503–504
-
UN position, 563, 566
- United Arab Republic relations, 569
- U.S. economic assistance, 558
- U.S. military assistance, 548, 551, 557,
576
- U.S. relations, 421, 541n
, 550–551, 554, 557,
562–563,
565–567,
568, 570, 576, 578–579, 581–585
- Portuguese colonial Africa (see also
individual countries), 284–285, 293, 328–329, 333, 421, 423, 469, 491, 493–497, 501–502, 538, 545n
, 557
- African nations position, 569–571, 582
- Azores base issue, 493, 497–498, 500, 545–546, 548–549, 556,
558–559,
570, 573, 576, 579
- Brazilian position, 571
- British position, 494–495, 571,
577
- Department of State Policy Directive, 556–559
- Ethiopian position, 469
- French position, 571
- Guinean position, 581
- Joint Chiefs of Staff position, 498–500
- Portuguese position, 542, 562–563, 565–567, 579–585
- Spanish position, 571
- United Nations and, 505–506, 578n
, 584–585
- U.S. economic assistance, 506
- U.S. position, 546, 551, 553–554, 556–559, 568–572, 573
- U.S. policy in the UN, 502, 568–576, 585
- Portuguese Guinea, 285, 545n
, 553
-
Post, Richard St. F., 137n
, 139n
, 144n
, 145n
, 456n
, 463n
, 465n
- Potolichev (USSR), 30
- Protitch, Dragoslav, 627
- Rahuma, Maj. Tahir, 160
- Ramsey, Henry C., 322n
- Randall, Clarence B., 362, 365, 371–372, 374
- Randolph, A. Phillip, 326n
-
Read, Benjamin H., 11n
, 36–37, 128n
, 390n
, 474n
, 503–504
- Reis, Herbert, 512n
- Reynolds Metals, 341, 350n
- Rhodesia, Northern, 329, 494, 507, 511–516
- Rhodesia, Southern, 285, 303, 328–329, 333, 469, 492
- British position, 494, 513, 520n
, 528–529, 531, 532n
, 536,
539–540
- Congo, 537
- economic situation, 527
- foreign policy, 526–527
- Ghanaian position, 533–534
- independence, 528–529, 530n
, 537,
539–540political situation, 517, 519, 521n
, 522,
526, 528, 539
- South Africa relations, 537
-
UN position, 528, 530–533, 535,
540n
- U.S. economic assistance, 330
- U.S. policy in the UN, 512–515, 519, 520n
, 532–533
- U.S. position, 495n
, 517, 524, 527–540
- Zimbabwe African Peoples Union (ZAPU), 517, 519, 521n
, 523n
- Rhodesia-Nyasaland Federation, 491, 508–509, 527–529
- Ribeiro, Amb. (Ghana), 388
- Richards, Arthur H., 437n
, 445n
,
448
- al-Rida al-Sinusi, Hassan, 139–140, 142–144
- Rives, Lloyd M., 279n
-
Roberto, Holden, 543–544, 547, 551–552, 553–554, 561, 580
- Robinson, Lt. Col. C.C., 331n
, 482n
,
617n
-
Root, John F., 1n
, 3n
, 53n
, 57n
, 136n
, 161n
, 162n
, 167n
, 170n
, 175n
, 206n
, 243n
, 246n
- Ross, Claude G., 383n
-
Rostow, Walt W., 8, 100, 290–292, 305n
, 352–354, 359–360, 495n
, 550n
, 590n
, 633n
- Rowan, Carl T., 88n
- Rowe, David, 229n
- Rowen, Henry S., 283–284
- Ruanda-Urundi, 285
- Rumbold, Algernon, 613–615
-
Rusk, Dean:
- Africa region, 282–283, 294n
, 314–315, 328–329, 337, 338–340
- Algeria, 47–52, 97, 110n
, 118–120
- Algerian independence conflict, 44–45, 52n
, 55,
61, 78–80
- Angola, 542, 542n
, 544–545, 547n
, 549, 560–562, 579–581
- Azores base issue, 559n
- Ethiopia, 486n
- France, 95n
- Ghana, 343–344, 352n
, 354, 369–371
- Guinea, 399–401, 405–406
- Horn of Africa region, 425
- Libya, 139–140, 145, 156–157
- Morocco, 161–162, 165–166, 182n
, 195–196, 224n
, 228n
, 229n
, 232–235
- Morocco-Algeria border conflict, 12,
15, 23,
30n
, 32, 33
- North Africa, 3–4
- Portuguese colonial Africa, 493, 549, 560–562, 568–572, 573,
574n
, 577–579
- Rhodesia, Southern, 521–523, 532–533, 536,
539–540
- Somalia, 431, 452, 454
- South Africa, 501, 587–588, 590, 594,
602, 606, 607n
,
609–611,
620–622,
627–628,
633–635,
637, 639–643, 646–649, 652–653, 656–657
- South African region, 496–497
- Southwest Africa mandate, 619–621, 648
- Tunisia, 243–244, 250–251, 255–261, 263–264, 266–267, 275,
278
-
Russell, Francis H., 274n
, 275n
, 322n
, 351, 352n
, 357n
, 358n
,
363n
, 371
- Ruwanda, 330
- Sackey-Quaison, Alex, 381–382
- Sahara, nuclear testing, 123, 134
- Sahara sovereignty issue, 62–66, 77
- Al-Said, Othman, 136n
,
138, 145
-
Salazar, Antonio de Oliveira, 550, 571, 578, 579, 582, 583
- Salinger, Pierre, 91, 123, 325
- Saltonstall, Everett, 224
- Sandys, Duncan, 361, 461, 539–540
- Sanger, Richard H., 495n
, 519n
,
619n
, 620n
-
Satterthwaite, Joseph C., 47–52, 51n
, 429, 593, 595, 598n
,
601n
, 604, 609n
, 610, 616, 617n
, 618–619, 625n
,
631–633, 660n
, 661n
- Saudi Arabia, 25, 34
- Saunders, Harold H., 70–73, 76, 99–100, 198n
, 272–274
- Schlesinger, Arthur, 70n
, 73n
, 260–261, 263n
, 496–497, 560
- Schwebel, Stephen M., 501n
- Scott, Joseph W., 547n
- Segni, Antonio, 482
- Seip, Peter A., 53n
- Senegal, 73, 293,
312–314, 330, 403
-
Senghor, Leopold Sedar, 73
- Shepard, Capt. Tazewell, 302n
- Shooshan, Harry, 362
- Shriver, Sargent, 393, 394n
, 397,
416, 418–419, 477
- Sierra Leone, 312, 313, 325, 330, 361
- Simms, John W., 512n
- Simonstown British military facility, 614
-
Sisco, Joseph J., 13n
, 22n
, 445n
, 492n
, 501n
, 522n
, 534n
, 541n
, 564n
, 568n
, 574n
- Sithole, Ndabaningi, 530–532
- Slaoui (Morocco), 231
- Slater, Warren E., 144n
- Slim, Mongi, 53–54,
255, 263, 278–280, 502, 575, 638
- Slimane, Maj., 104
- Sloan, Frank K., 100–101, 216n
,
238, 327n
, 484
-
Smith, Gen., 309
-
Smith, Bromley K., 88n
, 105n
, 196n
, 264n
, 318n
, 373n
, 453n
, 645n
- Smith, James, 317
- Smuts, Jan, 619, 661
- Snowden, Henry T., 440n
- Sole (South Africa), 660n
- Somalia, 39, 340
- British economic assistance, 458
- British military assistance, 431, 433–435, 455
- British relations, 459, 461
- Chisimaio Port, 434, 440, 447,
454
- Czechoslovakian military assistance, 431
- Ethiopian border dispute, 431, 438–439, 447,
450–452,
469–473
- German military assistance, 464, 483n
, 485–486
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) relations, 454
- Italian military assistance, 431, 433–434, 440, 455,
464, 483n
, 485–486
- Italian relations, 459
- Kenya border dispute, 451, 458–459, 461, 469–470
- Ogaden region dispute, see
Ethiopian border dispute above
- Peace Corps program, 458, 481
- political situation, 458, 480
- Soviet bloc economic and military assistance, 441n
, 473–474, 483
- Soviet civil aviation routes, 314,
317
- Soviet economic assistance, 323, 440
- Soviet military assistance, 431, 444, 447,
452–453,
454, 480, 483, 490
- Soviet relations, 461
- United Arab Republic military assistance, 444, 452
- United Arab Republic relations, 447
- United Nations and, 438, 472
- U.S. economic assistance, 330, 433–434, 447–448, 449, 451,
454, 481, 484
- U.S. military assistance, 429–430, 441n
, 444,
446, 447, 452–453, 454–455, 456–457, 459,
461, 462, 463–466, 480–481, 484,
485–486
- U.S. military assistance to Ethiopia and, 438, 440, 451–454, 481
- U.S. relations, 439–440, 442,
444, 446–455, 473
- Western military assistance, 473–474, 482–483
- Sosa Rodriguez, Carlos, 535
- Souapti dam project, 395, 397–398
- South Africa (see also
Southwest Africa mandate), 328, 492
- African nations position, 339
- apartheid and racial policies, 501,
587–588,
591n
, 593, 599–600, 606,
609n
, 614–616, 620–623, 631–635, 640–642, 655, 659n
- Bantustans policy, 620–621, 623,
631–632,
641–642,
647–648
- British position, 494, 613–616, 624–625, 651–652
- British policy in the UN, 615
- British relations, 614–615economic situation, 590, 640,
656
- Ethiopian position, 469
- foreign policy, 621
- Ghanaian economic relations, 655gold production, 616, 640,
646–647
- Haynes visa issue, 660–661
- International Monetary Fund loan, 604,
606, 615
- Joint Chiefs of Staff position, 640
-
Luthuli Nobel Peace Prize,
612–613political situation, 614, 621, 655
- Simonstown British military facility, 614
- Southern Rhodesia relations, 537
- Soviet bloc economic relations, 655
- Transkei, 641–642, 647
- Tunisian position, 502
-
UN and, 501–502, 505–506, 621n
, 630n
, 639, 645,
651–653,
658–659
-
UN Economic and Social Council,
expulsion from, 503–504
- U.S. aircraft sales, 597–598, 602–604, 606–607, 615,
649
- U.S. arms embargo, 579, 633–640, 644–645, 652, 656,
659
- U.S. economic assistance, 506, 507, 604
- U.S. economic relations, 590, 646–647, 655
- U.S. military assistance, 507
- U.S. military sales, 579
- U.S. missile and satellite tracking station, 586, 588–589, 591–592, 594,
597–598,
601–605,
607–609,
615, 617–619, 629, 636
- U.S. missile sales, 617, 644n
- U.S. multi-racial diplomatic reception, 631–633
- U.S. naval and maritime interests, 595–597
- U.S. relations, 587–588, 593,
598–601,
605–606,
609n
, 615–616, 620–622, 631–633, 639–643, 660–661
- U.S. submarine sales, 579, 627–628, 649, 657–658
- U.S. policy in the UN, 501–502, 604, 610,
616, 621–622, 637–639, 643–646, 653–655, 656–657, 658–659
- South African region (see also
Portuguese colonial Africa; South West Africa
mandate; individual countries), 491–492, 495–497
- British position, 493–495
- Joint Chiefs of Staff position, 498–500
- nationalists, 506racial polarization, 491–492, 495
-
UN and, 494, 496–497, 501–502, 505–506
- U.S. policy in the UN, 496–497
- Southern Rhodesia. See
Rhodesia, Southern.
- Southwest Africa mandate, 495, 591n
, 622–624, 648
- Southwest Africa Peoples Organization (SWAPO), 622–623
- Soviet bloc:
- Africa region military assistance, 305
- Algeria relations, 6, 10, 72, 110, 115
- Ghanaian relations, 364, 367, 381,
382–383
- Guinean relations, 321, 405, 416–417, 419,
448
- Horn of Africa region influence, 458
- Malian relations, 321
- North Africa and, 46
- North African relations, 2–4, 6, 9–10
- Somalia, economic and military assistance to, 441n
, 473–474, 483
- South African economic relations, 655
- Tunisian relations, 6
- Soviet Union (see also
Soviet bloc):
- Africa region, 314–318, 585,
642
- Algeria:
- economic assistance, 127, 128
- military assistance, 17, 30, 100n
, 101, 128, 132–133, 206
- relations, 45, 128–129, 134
- Bizerte crisis, 258
- Cuba, military assistance, 106
- Egypt military assistance, 227
- Ghana:
- civil aviation routes, 315,
323
- economic assistance, 357, 377
- military assistance, 348n
, 352–353
- relations, 308–309, 347, 348n
, 352, 361, 365–366, 375, 381
- Guinea:
- civil aviation routes, 315,
323
- economic assistance, 393–394, 416–417
- relations, 308–309, 311, 401, 413, 419, 422–423
- Libya civil aviation routes, 314–315
- Mali, 308–309, 315, 323
- Morocco, military assistance to, 33,
42–43,
161–163,
165–166,
172, 185, 187, 196, 199–202, 205–206, 212
- Morocco-Mauritania dispute, 167–168
- Somalia:
- civil aviation routes, 314,
317
- economic assistance, 323, 440
- military assistance, 431, 444, 447, 452–453, 454, 480, 483, 490
- relations, 461
- Tunisia, economic assistance to, 246
-
UN position, 345
- Spain, 285
- African colonies, 285
- Morocco:
- Morocco-Algeria border conflict, 16
- Portuguese colonial Africa, 571
- Saharan colonies, 285
- U.S. military assistance, 188
- U.S. military facilities, 546
- U.S. relations, 43n
, 185–186, 188
- Spanish Saharan colonies, 285
- Special National Intelligence Estimates (see also
National Intelligence Estimates), 62, 83
- Spiers, Ronald I., 287n
- Springsteen, George S. Jr., 107, 348–349, 357n
, 394n
- Stackhouse, Heywood H., 5–7, 22n
, 40n
, 270n
, 271n
, 274n
, 278n
, 279n
- Starrs, Francis R., Jr., 567n
- Steele, Gen., 144n
- Stephenson, Hugh, 632
- Stevens, Roger, 432–435, 528, 616
-
Stevenson, Adlai E., 73, 77, 90, 161, 254, 256, 260–261, 264n
, 324, 344, 421–422, 459, 496–497, 521n
, 528, 556, 559–560, 571, 573, 576, 578, 594, 638, 644n
, 659n
- Stoessel, Walter J., Jr., 52n
, 167–169
- Stoffel, Albert W., 322n
- Stoltzfus, William A., 36n
- Stone, Galen L., 445n
,
564n
- Stookey, Robert W., 156n
- Stout, Charles W., 442n
, 455n
, 485n
- Streeter, Richard E., 649n
- Strong, Curtis C., 533n
, 649n
- Sudan, 315–316,
330
- Summit Conference of Independent African States, 332–333
- Suwayl, Ali Abu, 160
- Swank, Emory C., 242n
,
521n
, 610n
- Sweeney, Joseph, 511n
,
512n
- Switzerland, 62–65
- Symmes, Harrison M., 41n
- Syria, 24
- Takla, Philippe, 73
- Tananarive Conference, 346
- Tanassy, Lt. Col. E.G., 331n
- Tanganyika, 329–330, 356, 422, 526, 540, 553, 569
- Tangier shipyard proposal, 213
- Tank, Martin M., 443n
,
456n
-
Tasca, Henry J., 13n
, 18n
, 21n
, 26n
, 27n
, 28n
, 34n
, 36n
, 37n
, 38n
, 40n
, 54n
, 56, 73n
, 90n
, 93n
, 105n
, 131n
, 154n
, 206n
, 219n
, 243, 244n
, 250–251, 383n
,
402n
, 406n
, 420, 435n
, 438n
, 439n
,
442n
, 445n
, 453n
, 462n
, 482n
, 484, 485n
, 501n
, 514n
,
522n
, 616, 623
- Telli, Diallo, 420–423
- Templeton, Payne, 175n
- Tettegah, John K., 366, 376
- Thacher, Nicholas G., 93n
-
Thant, U, 15, 23, 25,
145, 461, 477, 528
- Thiam, Doudou, 38
- Togo, 330, 361,
374, 376, 403
- Tombalbaye, Francois, 288
- Toner, Joseph S., 303n
- Toomey, William D., 343n
-
Torbert, Horace G., Jr., 457, 462n
, 473n
, 484
- Toumayan, Alec, 420n
- Toure, Ismail, 394n
,
398
-
Toure, Sekou, 293, 309–311, 313, 321, 347, 382, 392, 394, 396–398, 401, 405–406, 409–415, 419, 421–422, 509, 569
- Transkei, 641–642,
647
-
Trimble, William C., 405n
, 406n
, 409n
, 411n
, 415n
, 419
- Tron, Rene, 99n
- Troxel, Oliver L., Jr., 303n
, 440n
- Tshombe, Moise, 508
- Tubman, William V.S., 288
- Tunisia, 51, 291,
361
- Algeria independence conflict, 1, 249
- Algerian military bases, 60
- Bizerte crisis, 4, 6, 250–252, 254–272
- Bizerte port military facilities, 262
- Congo troops, airlift, 253
- economic situation, 269, 277
- European economic assistance, 6
- foreign policy, 246–247, 291
- French economic and military assistance, 2, 242, 277
- French nationals, 1
- French relations, 1, 45, 247, 278
- Morocco-Mauritania dispute, position, 168
- Neo-Destour party, 276–277political situation, 246, 268,
276–277
- Sahara sovereignty issue, 65
- South Africa, 502
- Soviet bloc relations, 6
- Soviet economic assistance, 246
- U.S. economic assistance, 1–2, 6, 243–244, 246, 249,
272–275,
279–280,
330
- U.S. military assistance, 242, 245, 247–248, 280
- U.S. relations, 4, 67–68, 115–116, 248–249, 263
- Turkey, 254
- Tweedy, Bronson, 567
-
Tyler, William R., 65n
, 67n
, 73n
, 78n
, 88n
, 91n
, 93n
, 255n
, 263n
, 264n
, 520n
, 562n
, 633n
- Udall, Morris, 477
- Uganda, 330
- Union des Populations d’Angola (UPA), 543–544
- United Arab Republic, 254, 380n
- Algeria, military assistance to, 17,
24, 26,
30, 32–33, 115, 132–133
- Algerian relations, 9, 123, 135
- Cuba, 42
- Czech military assistance, 106
- Libya, 5, 142
- North Africa, influence in, 4–5
- Portuguese relations, 569
- Somalia, military assistance to, 444,
452
- Somalian relations, 447
- Soviet civil aviation routes, 323
- Soviet military assistance, 227
- U.S. position, 4–5, 25, 237
- United Kingdom:
- Africa region, 284–285, 288,
307, 333
- Angola, 541n
- Azores base issue, 570
- Bizerte crisis, 251–252
- Ethiopia, economic assistance to, 433
- Ghana, 311, 353, 365–366, 375–376
- Ghana gold mines subsidy, 347
- Horn of Africa region, position, 432–435
- Libya, 141, 147, 152
- Nyasaland, 494, 525
- Portuguese colonial Africa, 494–495, 571,
577
- Rhodesia-Nyasaland Federation, 516–522, 524–525, 527, 534–536
- Rhodesia, Southern, 494, 513, 520n
, 528–529, 531, 532n
, 536,
539–540
- Somalia, 458, 459, 461
- Somalia, military assistance to, 431,
433–435,
455
- Somalia-Kenya border dispute, 461
- South Africa, 339, 494, 613–616, 624–625, 651–652
- Southwest Africa mandate, 494, 624–625
- U.S. relations, 493–495, 520
- Yemen, 34
- United Nations:
- Africa region, 292–293, 324,
499
- Algeria independence conflict, 45, 48, 61, 77–78
- Algeria relief aid, 96
- Angola, 550, 564–567, 570–572
- Angola, U.S. policy, 541, 555–556, 564–567
- Bizerte crisis, 250–252, 254–259, 260n
, 261,
264–267
- Congo, 343, 345–346, 410, 509
- Cuba, 380
- Eritrea, 448
- Ethiopia, 472
- French position, 293
- Ghana, 345–346, 366, 383, 390
- Horn of Africa region, 459–461, 472
- Libya, 145
- Mauritania membership, 168
- North Africa, 4
- Portuguese colonial Africa, 502, 505–506, 568–576, 578n
, 584–585
- Resolutions:
- 181 (1963), 645n
- 1593 (XV), 595n
- 1596 (XV), 595n
- 1805 (XVII), 624n
, 625
- 1760 (XVII), 522n
- 1761 (XVII), 621n
- 1883 (XVIII), 540n
- 1899 (XVIII), 651n
- S/4722, 345n
- S/5380, 578n
- S/5481, 584n
- Rhodesia, Southern, 512–515, 519,
520n
, 528, 530–533, 535,
540n
- Somalia, 438, 472
- South Africa:
- British policy, 615
- oil embargo, 658–659
- U.S. policy, 501–502, 604, 610, 616, 621–622, 637–639, 643–646, 653–655, 656–657, 658–659
- Southwest Africa mandate, 594–595, 622–627, 649–651
- Tunisian troops for the Congo, airlift, 253
- Upper Volta, 330, 361
- Uys, Johann Kunz, 661
- Valdes, Philip H., 1n
,
52n
, 54n
, 57n
, 60n
, 246n
, 249n
- Valliere, Raymond A., 206n
-
Vance, Sheldon B., 551n
- Veliotes, Nicholas A., 162n
, 263n
- Venezuela, 535
-
Verwoerd, Hendrik F., 537, 590, 593, 631–632
-
Villard, Henry S., 169
- Voice of America, 217, 231
- Volta River Hydroelectric (VALCO)
project, 311, 341–342, 343n
, 348–351, 355, 357–362, 364–374, 376, 380–382, 385, 388–391
- Wade, Gen., 184n
, 209, 216, 217
- Walker, A.C., 155n
,
159n
- Wallner, Woodruff, 65n
,
263n
, 264n
, 512n
, 521n
, 524n
, 649n
-
Walmsley, Walter N., 58n
, 88, 263, 264n
, 269n
, 270n
, 272n
, 273
- Warren, Earl, 159n
,
221n
, 463n
, 477, 485n
- Water desalinization, 2
- Wellborn, Alfred T., 551n
-
Welensky, Roy, 513, 530n
, 536–538
- Wellons, Alfred E., 514n
- Wheelus Air Base, 137–138, 143
- White, Lee, 326
- White, Reta E., 564n
-
Whitehead, Edgar, 494, 517, 520, 521n
, 523, 524n
- Whitfield, Col. Joe, 101, 200n
, 206n
, 274n
, 435n
, 438n
, 443n
, 453n
, 462n
, 463n
- Wiesner, Jerome, 604–605, 607–609
- Wight, William L., Jr., 511n
, 551n
,
594–595, 598n
, 605n
, 608n
- Wilkins, Roy, 326n
-
Williams, G. Mennen, 3, 4n
, 12n
,
19n
, 29n
, 41n
, 49n
, 53n
, 67–68, 77–80,
81n
, 89–90, 97, 107–108, 110–111, 127–128, 138n
, 156–157, 159n
,
160, 170n
, 173n
, 175n
, 222–223, 243–244, 246n
, 270n
, 283–284, 297, 303–310, 326, 327n
,
328–329, 338–340, 347, 348n
, 351, 355, 379, 394n
, 406, 416, 419, 428, 429n
, 433, 435n
, 438n
, 443n
,
469–473, 490, 496, 509n
, 510n
, 511n
, 523n
, 530–533, 534n
, 544n
, 545n
, 546, 560–562, 568n
, 574n
, 586, 594–596, 599–602, 612n
, 613–616, 630, 633, 635n
, 661n
- Williams, Haydn, 297–299
- Wilson, Harold, 529
- Winfree, Robert M., 598n
-
Witman, William II, 1n
, 57n
, 65n
, 67n
, 73n
, 76, 80n
, 88n
, 110–111, 137n
,
154n
, 155n
, 172n
, 194n
, 196n
, 200n
, 206n
, 216, 217, 218n
, 219n
, 229n
, 242n
, 244n
, 245n
, 248n
, 255n
, 263n
, 270n
, 271n
, 274n
, 287n
, 383n
, 429n
, 433, 440n
, 443n
, 445n
,
450n
, 453n
, 455n
, 456n
, 463n
, 465n
- Wolf, Joseph J., 145n
- Wolfe, Glenn G., 206n
,
322n
, 435n
, 438n
, 485n
- Yates, Sidney, 530, 531, 566, 586
- Yazid, Muhammad, 18–21, 23, 36–37, 40,
57, 67, 68n
, 79, 95, 130–133
- Yemen, 25, 26, 29, 34
- Yifru (Ethiopia), 31
-
Yost, Charles W., 78, 161–162, 165, 166, 169, 172, 177, 184n
, 252, 254–255, 512n
, 573, 574n
, 645n
- Youlou, Fulbert, 299
- Young, Whitney M., 326n
- Yount, Col., 69n
- Yugoslavia, 18
- Zanzibar, 330
- Zentar (Morocco), 13
- Zimbabwe African Peoples Union (ZAPU),
517, 519, 521n
, 523n
- Zuckert, Eugene M., 185–186, 226