India-Pakistan 2
191. Briefing Memorandum From the Acting Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs (Sober) to Secretary of State Kissinger
Acting Assistant Secretary of State Sober reported that Indian Foreign Minister Chavan had postponed his visit to Washington for a meeting with the Joint Commission in response to the U.S. decision to change its arms policy toward Pakistan.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, India, 1975 (Political Files): Lot 79 D 22, External Relations India 1975, Change in US Arms Policy. Confidential. It was drafted by Brown and cleared by NEA/INS.
192. Telegram 62875 From the Department of State to the Embassy in India
The Department reported that it had successfully concluded negotiations for the sale of 800,000 tons of wheat to India under the PL–480 program.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Limited Official Use; Immediate. It was drafted by Morley; cleared by NEA/INS EB, AID, FFP, USDA, NEA/P; approved by NEA/INS.
193. National Security Decision Memorandum 289
President Ford altered U.S. policy by lifting the embargo on sales of lethal U.S. military equipment to Pakistan and India.
Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser Files, Presidential Country Files for South Asia, Box 27, Pakistan (5). Secret. A copy sent to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
194. Telegram 4555 From the Embassy in India to the Department of State
Ambassador Saxbe reported his initial impressions after his formal installation in New Delhi and forecast only gradual improvement in Indian-U.S. relations.
Source: Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Kissinger Papers, Box CL 151, Geopolitical File, Chronological File, India, 1 Jan.–30 Dec. 1975. Confidential; Priority; Exdis.
195. Telegram 5201 From the Embassy in India to the Department of State
Ambassador Saxbe reported high-level Indian public criticism of the United States and stated that the recent increase in anti-American rhetoric seemed directly tied to the change in U.S. arms policy toward Pakistan. He predicted that the rhetoric would grow harsher as elections in India approached.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential; Exdis. Telegram 5121 from New Delhi, April 16, summarized statements of the Indian Foreign Minister and Telegram 5200, April 7, reported that Indian officials were using the arms buildup of India’s neighbors and the threat of an: “unmentioned ‘sea power’” as an excuse for the state of emergency. (Both are ibid.)
196. Telegram 94316 From the Department of State to the Embassy in India
Under Secretary Sisco remarked on the recent increase in public criticism of the United States. He advised Ambassador Saxbe to take a hard line, noting that in the past, this had dampened Indian criticism.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential. It was drafted by Brown; cleared by NEA; and approved by Sisco and Atherton.
197. Telegram 97347 From the Department of State to the Embassy in India
The Department instructed Ambassador Saxbe to convey U.S. impatience with the current Indian high-level criticism of U.S. policy, to remind the Indian Government of U.S. restraint in commenting on the Indian nuclear test, and to point out the hypocrisy of their stance on U.S. arms policy in light of India’s arms agreements with the Soviet Union.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Secret; Immediate; Exdis. It was drafted by Brown; cleared by Atherton; and approved by Kissinger. Kissinger refers to an article in The New York Times in which Saxbe publicly commented on the situation. (Bernard Weintraub, “Saxbe Says U.S. and India Grow Apart,” The New York Times, April 25, 1975, p. 4)
198. Telegram 5606 From the Embassy in India to the Department of State
Ambassador Saxbe requested clarification for action. He felt that a hard line on Indian criticism of the United States could be dismissed as an empty threat in light of joint Indian-U.S. cultural programs and economic cooperation and U.S. food aid to India.
Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Presidential Country Files for Middle East and South Asia, Box 12, India, State Telegrams to SecState NODIS (2). Confidential; Immediate; Nodis.
199. Telegram 101888 From the Department of State to the Embassy in India
Secretary of State Kissinger issued detailed instructions for Ambassador Saxbe to protest recent Indian high-level criticism of the United States and instructed him to emphasize that such public criticism, which endangered bilateral cooperation, should be handled within diplomatic channels.
Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Presidential Country Files for Middle East and South Asia, Box 12, India, State Telegrams from SecState NODIS (3). Confidential; Immediate; Nodis. It was drafted by Kux; cleared in substance by EB, S/P, and AID; cleared by Atherton; and approved by Kissinger.
200. Telegram 6608 From the Embassy in India to the Department of State
Ambassador Saxbe related details of a meeting with Indian Foreign Minister Chavan on May 16, in which he stated strong U.S. reaction to “extreme and unwarranted criticism” on the part of the Indian Government.
Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Presidential Country Files for Middle East and South Asia, Box 12, India, State Telegrams to SecState NODIS (3). Confidential; Nodis. In subsequent unprinted Telegram 7163 from New Delhi, May 30, Saxbe reported that the Indian Government had subsequently toned down its criticism.
201. National Intelligence Estimate 31–1–75
The estimate “Near-Term Prospects for India” projected a period of domestic political and economic turmoil for India and speculated on the potential impact on it’s foreign relations.
Source: Central Intelligence Agency, NIC Files, Job 79–R01012A, NIE 31–7–75. Secret. According to the cover sheet, the following agencies participated in the preparation of the estimate: CIA, the intelligence organizations of the Departments of State, Defense, Treasury, Energy Research and Development Administration, and the NSA. Intelligence personnel from the Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force also participated. All members of the U.S. Intelligence Board concurred in the estimate except the representative of the FBI, who abstained becaused of the subject was outside of the Bureau’s jurisdiction.
202. Telegram 5282 From the Embassy in Pakistan to the Department of State
Ambassador Byroade informed Secretary of State Kissinger of an urgent personal request from Prime Minister Bhutto for an increase in PL–480 food aid from the United States.
Source: Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Kissinger Papers, Box CL 203, Geopolitical File, Pakistan, Chronological File, 1 Nov. 1974–15 Aug. 1975. Secret; Priority; Nodis; Cherokee. On Kissinger’s instruction the Embassy conveyed, in telegram 6183 to Islamabad, July 8, the Secretary’s assurance that he was “deeply sympathetic” to Bhutto’s request but that no guarantees could be made at that time. (National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files)
203. Telegram 184791 From the Department of State to the Embassy in Pakistan
The Department forwarded the text of two letters sent to President Ford and Secretary of State Kissinger from Prime Minister Bhutto. In the letters, Bhutto emphasized his concerns about threats to Pakistan from India and the involvement of China and the Soviet Union in such a conflict.
Source: Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Kissinger Papers, Box CL 203, Geopolitical File, Pakistan, Chronological File, 1 Nov. 1974–75 August 1975. Secret; Nodis. It was drafted by Constable and approved by Atherton.
204. Telegram 8557 From the Embassy in India to the Department of State
In response to the state of emergency declared in India, the Embassy urged a “wait-and-see” period in which the United States should avoid any reaction that would be perceived as meddling in an Indian domestic situation. The Embassy reported it had ceased contacts with opposition political leaders, avoided analysis of the situation in press comments, and limited travel of Embassy personnel outside of New Delhi.
Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Presidential Country Files for Middle East and South Asia, Box 12, India, State Telegrams to the SecState EXDIS (2). Confidential; Exdis. It was repeated to Islamabad, Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras.
205. Memorandum From the Director of Central Intelligence Colby to the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (Kissinger)
Director of Central Intelligence Colby provided an Interagency Intelligence Memorandum on arms shipments to India and Pakistan for the first half of 1975 in a semi-annual report in compliance with instructions set out in National Security Decision Memorandum 289 (Document 193). It noted that India’s military imports—and thus its military advantage—continued to outpace Pakistan’s, and that the Soviet Union continued to be the major source of Indian arms.
Source: Ford Library, NSC Institutional Files (H-Files), Box H–131, NSDM 273–290. Top Secret; Noforn; No Dissem Abroad; Background Use Only; Controlled Dissem. Sent for information. The memorandum was prepared by the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Information Agency, and the Bureau of Intelligence and Research of the Department of State. It was concurred in by the Secretary of Defense. Ten pages of detail and tables, an 11-page annex, and a distribution list are not printed.
206. Telegram 9570 From the Embassy in India to the Department of State
The Embassy summarized Ambassador Saxbe’s meeting with Indian Foreign Secretary Kewal Singh on recent attacks on the United States in the Indian press and rumors of U.S. covert activity in Indian internal affairs.
Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Presidential Country Files for Middle East and South Asia, Box 12, India, State Telegrams to the SecState EXDIS (2). Confidential; Exdis.
207. Memorandum of Conversation
Indian Ambassador Kaul conveyed a letter from Foreign Minister Chavan to Secretary of State Kissinger. They discussed the U.S.-Indian Joint Commission, the state of emergency in India, and U.S. food aid to India.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P820123–1708. Secret; Nodis. It was drafted on July 18 by Kux and approved on July 25 in S. The meeting took place in the Secretary’s office.
208. Interagency Memorandum DCI/NIO 1686
The Memorandum, “India’s Political Prospects over the Next Year,” assessed the impact of the recent declaration of emergency powers by Indian Prime Minister Gandhi on India’s foreign and domestic affairs.
Source: Central Intelligence Agency, NIC Files, Job 79–R01142A. Confidential. According to note on the summary page, the memorandum was prepared by the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, and the Bureau of Intelligence and Research of the Department of State.
209. Telegram Secto 10198 From the Secretary’s Delegation to the Embassy in Pakistan
Secretary of State Kissinger cabled a response to Prime Minister Bhutto’s concerns about possible increased Soviet activity in South Asia and included further points for Ambassador Byroade to convey to Bhutto in person.
Source: Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Kissinger Papers, Box CL 203, Geopolitical File, Pakistan, Chronological File, 16 Aug. 1975–12 March 1976. Secret; Immediate; Nodis. It was repeated immediate to the Department of State.
210. Memorandum of Conversation
Secretary of State Kissinger met with Ambassador Ahmed to discuss arms supplies for Pakistan.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Records of Henry Kissinger, 1973–1977, Entry 5403, Box 12, Nodis Memoranda of Conversations, September 1975. Secret; Nodis. The meeting took place in the Secretary’s suite at the Waldorf Towers in New York, where Kissinger attended the UN General Assembly.
211. Memorandum of Conversation
Secretary of State Kissinger and Ambassador Saxbe conferred about normalization of relations with India prior to their meeting with Indian Foreign Minister Chavan.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P820123–2312. Secret; Nodis. It was drafted by Kux and approved on November 4 in S. The meeting took place in the Secretary’s office.
212. Memorandum of Conversation
Indian Foreign Minister Chavan and Ambassador Kaul led a delegation to meet with Secretary of State Kissinger and Ambassador Saxbe. Chavan and Kissinger discussed the prospects for improving U.S.-Indian relations, the coup in Bangladesh, Indian relations with Pakistan, the Soviet Union, and China, and Vietnam.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P820123–2254. Confidential; Nodis. It was drafted on October 15 by Kux and approved on November 4 by S. The meeting took place in the Secretary’s office.
213. Memorandum of Conversation
Foreign Minister Chavan met with President Ford and Secretary of State Kissinger. They discussed the U.S.-Indian Joint Commission, the impact of oil prices on the Indian economy, and the state of emergency in India. Chavan also expressed his hope that President Ford would visit India.
Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Memoranda of Conversations, Box 15, Ford Administration. Secret; Nodis. The meeting took place in the Oval Office of the White House.
214. Memorandum of Conversation
Indian Foreign Minister Chavan met with Secretary of State Kissinger and discussed India’s foreign relations and the coup in Bangladesh.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P820123–2242. Confidential; Nodis. It was drafted by Kux and approved on November 4 in S. The meeting took place in the Secretary’s office.
215. Memorandum of Conversation
President Ford met with Ambassador Ahmed to discuss broad issues of concern to Pakistan-U.S. relations, including Pakistan’s relations with India, Soviet and Chinese intentions in South Asia, food aid from the U.S., and military supplies.
Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser Files, Memoranda of Conversations, Box 15, Ford Administration. Secret; Nodis. The meeting took place in the Oval Office of the White House.
216. Memorandum of Conversation
Secretary of State Kissinger met with Ambassador Ahmed to discuss Pakistan’s relations with India and arms supply. Ahmed requested the sale of 110 A–7 fighter/attack aircraft.
Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser Files, Presidential Country Files for Middle East and South Asia, Box 27, Pakistan (5). Secret; Nodis. The meeting took place in the American Ambassador’s Residence.
217. Interagency Intelligence Memorandum 10075–75
The memorandum summarized arms sales to India and Pakistan for the second half of 1975. It noted the continuing trend of Soviet arms supply to India and charted a growing gap in military capability between India and Pakistan.
Source: Ford Library, NSC Institutional Files (H-Files), Box H–131, NSDM 273–290. Top Secret; SCI; Noforn; Orcon. Sent for information. The memorandum was prepared by the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Information Agency, and the Bureau of Intelligence and Research of the Department of State. It was concurred in by the Secretary of Defense. Eleven pages of detail and tables are not printed.
218. Telegram 347 From the Embassy in India to the Department of State
Ambassador Saxbe recommended that the United States withhold, limit, and delay joint cooperative projects, including foreign aid as a means of demonstrating official U.S. displeasure at occasional vociferous public criticism of the United States in India. Saxbe also indicated that he would ask United States Senator George McGovern to request from Prime Minister Gandhi specific citations of U.S. interference in Indian affairs during his upcoming meeting with her.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Secret; Niact Immediate; Stadis. McGovern met with Prime Minister Gandhi on January 9 and did not receive any specific allegations of U.S. interference. The Embassy in India summarized and commented on their meeting in telegrams 500 and 501 from New Delhi, January 10. (Ibid.)
219. Telegram 787 From the Embassy in India to the Department of State
The Embassy reported that Ambassador Saxbe lodged a formal complaint with Indian Foreign Minister Chavan concerning recent high-level Indian criticism of the United States, suggesting that further “unwarranted” criticism would make it difficult to continue any cooperative ventures.
Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Presidential Country Files Middle East and South Asia, Box 12, India, State to SecState NODIS (3). Secret; Immediate; Nodis; Eyes Only—Direct.
220. Telegram 863 From the Embassy in India to the Department of State
The Embassy reported the DCM’s conversation with Indian Joint Secretary of the Americas Teja in which he informed the Indian Government that the U.S. would not proceed with its program of bilateral development assistance to India for fiscal year 1976 because of “insufficient mutual trust” between the U.S. and India.
Source: Ford Library, National Security Adviser, Presidential Country Files Middle East and South Asia, Box 12, India, State to SecState NODIS (3). Secret; Nodis.