Index

References are to document numbers

    • Aaron, David L.:
      • Carter’s Camp David meeting with State Department officials, 24, 25
      • CIA briefings for IOB, 99
      • CIA’s internal reorganization plan, 63
      • Clandestine collection of intelligence, 83
      • Defining and ranking of intelligence requirements, 67
      • Executive Order 12036, 70, 73
      • Guidelines for reporting abuse of intelligence under E.O. 12036, 85, 86
      • Legislative charters for Intelligence Community, 84, 87, 91, 92, 93, 101
      • NSC organization, 3, 10
      • NSC staff access to information given the President, 68
      • NSC-State Department divisions, 26
      • Political intelligence improvements, 94
      • Political summit role of, 26
      • PRC meetings, 67
      • Press leaks, 18
      • PRM/NSC–11 intelligence structure and mission study, 27, 36, 47, 48, 52
      • Review of SCC-approved intelligence activities, 109
      • SCC meetings, 36, 47, 48, 84, 91
      • USIA–CU reorganization, 137
    • Abuse of intelligence:
    • Academics, 100, 102
    • Accessibility, 242
    • Accountability, 48
    • Acheson, Dean, 2, 25
    • Ackerman, Karl, 223, 230
    • ACTION, 141, 144, 164, 219
    • Ad Hoc Committee on Non-Proliferation, 3
    • Ad Hoc Counterintelligence Committee, 3
    • Ad Hoc Interagency Group on Intelligence Structure and Mission, 27, 28, 29, 37, 41
    • Ad Hoc Interagency Subcommittee on the Role of the Director for Central Intelligence, 42
    • Adams, Alvin P., 161
    • Adelman, Jeffrey, 190
    • Adenwalla, Minoo D., 190
    • Advanced Research Resources Organization, 189
    • Advertising, 213, 230, 249
    • Aerospace Corp., 43
    • Affirmative action (see also Executive Level Task Force (ELTF) on Affirmative Action; Junior Officer hiring program for affirmative action):
      • For American Indians, 193, 207, 210, 220, 245, 248
      • Attitudes acting as impediments to, 245
      • Blitz for Foreign Service recruitment, 247
      • Charges of failure to implement programs for, 195
      • Effect of the Bakke case on, 214
      • Exhibits and displays for promotion of, 218
      • For handicapped people:
        • Medical standards and, 221, 242
        • Upward mobility and handicapped programs, 188, 194, 207, 242, 245, 249
        • Vance’s statement on EEO programs for, 186
      • Management of equal employment opportunity process, 152
      • Problems and plans with, 215
      • Progress reports on, 194, 198, 213, 218, 230, 245
      • Recruitment as tool in, 213, 218, 219, 246, 247, 249
      • Regular testing process vs., 214
      • Selection and hiring procedures, 188, 194
      • Special Recruitment Effort, 190
    • Affirmative Action Junior Officer Program (AAJOP). See Junior Office hiring program for affirmative action.
    • Afghanistan, 25
    • Africa, 17, 144, 151, 162, 209, 220
    • African-Americans:
      • Applicants for 1980 written examination, 248
      • Blitz for Foreign Service recruitment, 247
      • In the Federal Service, 210
      • High-level positions for, 245
      • Lack in foreign missions of, 205, 209, 220
      • National leaders meeting with Vance, 218
      • Status of State Department employees identified as, 207
      • Thursday Luncheon Group, 194, 215
    • Afshar, James M., 190
    • Age discrimination, 152, 249
    • Agee, Philip, 63
    • Agency for International Development (AID):
      • Development assistance as focus of, 151
      • Employment ceilings, 123
      • Employment of Foreign Service spouses, 204
      • Family planning, 151
      • Field staffing increases, 131
      • Foreign service discontent and reform, 164, 165, 167, 169, 173, 178
      • FY 1980 budget, 17
      • Hay study, 134
      • IDCA and State Department relations with, 148
      • IDCA budgeting, 142
      • Overseas intelligence reporting by, 63
      • Secretary of State as nominal head of, 25
      • State Department position on Humphrey Bill, 141
      • Transfer into IDCA of, 144, 145
    • Aggrey, O. Rudolph, 244
    • Agreements, international (see also Strategic Arms Control Talks):
      • Camp David accords (Sept. 1978), 17, 18, 22
      • Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty (Mar. 1979), 17, 22, 22
      • Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between the United States of America and the People’s Republic of China, 22
      • Lancaster House Agreement (Zimbabwe Settlement) (Dec. 1979), 22
      • Panama Canal Treaty (1978), 14, 20, 22
      • U.S.-Romanian Trade Agreement, 113
      • Vienna Conventions on Diplomatic and Consular Relations, 181, 204
    • Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act (1954), 146
    • Agriculture, U.S. Department of (USDA):
      • Advertising from, 249
      • As consumer of intelligence, 52
      • P.L. 480 programs, 141, 142
      • As producer of intelligence, 41, 42
      • Reorganization of, 117, 118
    • Agriculture Policy Committee, 3
    • Ahmad, Sharon E., 244
    • Aikman, Arthur L., 190
    • Ailes, Stephen, 3, 31, 32
    • Air Force Foreign Technology Division, 41
    • Aircraft:
      • B–1, 12
      • Backfire bomber, 43
      • Concorde, 9
      • SR–71, 42
      • U–2, 42
    • Airlie House Conference, 215
    • Albrecht, Julia, 227, 239
    • Albright, Madeleine, 10, 14, 101
    • Aldana, Manuel S., 190
    • Aleuts, 193
    • Alison Palmer, et al., Appellants v. George P. Schultz, 240
    • Allan, Virginia R., 244
    • Allison, Graham, 2, 3
    • Allitto, J.A., 161
    • Alpha Phi Alpha (fraternity), 219
    • Alroy, Gil C., 190
    • American Association of University Women (AAUW), 249
    • American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 73
    • American Federation of Government Employees (AFGE), 135, 167, 169, 170, 195
    • American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL–CIO), 117
    • American Foreign Service Association (AFSA), 135, 161, 165, 167, 169, 170
    • American GI Forum, 249
    • American Indian Policy Review Commission, 193
    • American Indians, 193, 207, 210, 220, 245, 248
    • Analytical reporting, 180
    • Anderson, Margaret, 215, 227, 249
    • Andrews, Craig N., 190
    • Andrews, Robert T., 36
    • Angola, 17, 20, 25, 61
    • Annual Personnel Audit Reports, 195
    • Anti-satellite weapons (ASWs), 61
    • Antunes, Juliet, 191
    • ANZUS, 17
    • APEX security classification system, 109
    • Appeals process, 158
    • Appeals Review Board, 152, 197
    • Application Review Committee (of PER), 202
    • Appointments, 172, 180, 181
    • Arab-Israeli War (Oct. 1973), 42
    • Arabian Gulf, 20
    • Architectural and Transportation Barriers Act (1968), 221
    • Argentina-Chile conflict, 17
    • Armacost, Michael, 68
    • Arms control, 3
    • Arms Control and Disarmament Act (1961), 3, 181
    • Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA), 3, 16, 25, 41, 42
    • Arms transfers, 61
    • Armstrong, Anne Legendre, 244
    • Army Intelligence (ACSI), 41
    • Army Security Agency (ASA), 41
    • Asencio, Diego C., 180, 182, 244
    • Asian-American Foreign Affairs Employees Caucus, 193, 194
    • Asian-Americans:
      • Applicants for 1980 written examination, 248
      • Blitz for Foreign Service recruitment, 247
      • Caucus of, 193
      • In the Federal Service, 210
      • FSO caucus, 193, 194
      • Lack in foreign missions of, 209, 220
      • Status of State Department employees identified as, 207
      • Testing formats and performance of, 231
    • Asian Chiefs of Mission Meeting (Jan. 1978), 161
    • Assessment Center, 231, 246
    • Assessment center testing format, 163
    • Association of American Foreign Service Women, 168
    • Atherton, Albert, 209
    • Atomic Energy Act (1946), 64
    • Attorney’s fees, 172, 181
    • Atwood, Brian, 136, 170
    • Auberback, Kenneth D., 190
    • Audiovisual recruitment materials, 247
    • Awards, 195, 245, 249
    • Babcock, Dwight, 221
    • Bacchus, William, 170, 221, 245
    • Bakke, Allan, 194
    • Balabkins, Nicholas W., 190
    • Bangladesh, 151
    • Bani-Sadr, Abolhassan, 25
    • Barbian, Paul E., 161
    • Barbier, Marietta, 202
    • Barie, James, 127, 128
    • Barker, Robert S., 190
    • Barnes, Harry G., Jr.:
      • Civil Service reform, 153, 155, 156, 157
      • Employment equity and awareness:
        • Affirmative action progress reports, 213, 230
        • Bakke case’s effect on affirmative action programs, 214
        • Blitz for Foreign Service recruitment, 247
        • Discrimination by sexual orientation, 223
        • Employment of Foreign Service spouses, 204
        • FS written examination cut scores, 231
        • FSO minority representation trends, 243
        • Handicapped people, 221
        • High-level positions for women and minorities, 244
        • Lack of minorities in foreign missions, 209
        • Middle-level Hiring Program for Women and Minorities, 202, 245
        • Problems and plans in affirmative action, 215
        • Promotion of women FSOs, 229
        • Recruitment strategy and efforts in programs for affirmative action, 218, 219
        • Status of minority State Department employees, 207
        • Status of minority women among State Department employees, 208
        • Status of women State Department employees, 206
        • Women’s class-action suits, 203, 239
        • Working couples, 232
      • Foreign service discontent and reform:
        • Areas of consensus and contention on, 169
        • Career development, 180, 184
        • Cone system modification, 175
        • Families of FSOs and staff posted overseas, 179
        • Foreign Service Act (1980), 165, 166, 168, 170, 171
        • FSO oral exam modification proposal, 163
        • Language training, 182, 184
        • Personnel system changes (proposal), 164
        • Reluctance to take assignments, 162
        • Senior Threshold, 177
        • Tandem couples, 178
        • Vance’s meeting with FSOs over, 161
      • Open Forum, 206
    • Barnhart, Margaret, 247, 248
    • Baron, Frederick, 36, 47
    • Bartholomew, Reginald, 25, 241
    • Base pay, 169
    • Base rights, 151
    • Baskey, Nicholas, 190
    • Bass, Kenneth, 87, 91
    • Bath, Richard, 190
    • Battle of Wounded Knee, 193
    • Baumann, Carol E., 244
    • Bayh, Birch E., Jr., 14, 84, 100, 101, 102
    • Becker, Jane E., 161
    • Begin, Menachim, 13, 25
    • Belgium, 25
    • Bell, Griffin B.:
      • CIA operations not reported to IOB, 103
      • Executive Order 12036, 70, 73, 86, 90
      • Foreign assistance reorganization, 144
      • Guidelines for reporting abuse of intelligence, 85, 86, 90
      • Intelligence policy meeting, 33
      • IOB reporting procedures, 98
      • IOB role under E.O. 12036, 88
      • Legislative charters for Intelligence Community, 84, 87, 91, 92, 100
      • PD/NSC–2, 7
      • PD/NSC–17, 59
      • PD/NSC–19, 60
      • PD/NSC–31, 79
      • PRM/NSC–11 intelligence structure and mission study, 27, 29, 36, 41, 52
      • SCC meetings, 36, 47, 91
      • Warrantless electronic surveillance, 60
    • Benitez, Rafael C., 190
    • Bennet, Douglas, 141, 209
    • Bergland, Robert S., 141, 144
    • Beyond Black and White (film), 191
    • Bhotia (people), 193
    • Biden, Joe, 14
    • Bilateral foreign assistance, 141, 149, 150
    • Billings, Leon G., 244
    • Binder, David, 53, 77
    • Bingham, Jonathan B., 117
    • Black, Shirley Temple, 244
    • Blackford, Peggy, 190
    • Blacks:
      • Applicants for 1980 written examination, 248
      • Blitz for Foreign Service recruitment, 247
      • In the Federal Service, 210
      • High-level positions for, 245
      • Lack in foreign missions of, 205, 209, 220
      • National leaders meeting with Vance, 218
      • Status of State Department employees identified as, 207
      • Thursday Luncheon Group, 194, 215
    • Blake, John, 34
    • Blakemore, David, 161
    • Bleakley, Kenneth W., 161
    • Bloomfield, Lincoln, 132
    • Blum, Julius M., 190
    • Blumenthal, W. Michael:
      • Economic Policy Group, 112
      • Foreign assistance reorganization, 141, 144, 147
      • Legislative charters for Intelligence Community, 92
      • PD/NSC–2, 7
      • PRM/NSC–11 intelligence structure and mission study, 27, 29
      • Trade reorganization, 118
      • U.S. participation in Multilateral Development Banks, 147
    • Board of Examiners (BEX), 163, 202, 214, 225, 246, 249
    • Board of the Foreign Service (BFS), 167, 169, 172, 176
    • Bobo (people), 183
    • Bochm, Richard, 190
    • Bodine, Barbara K., 161
    • Boeker, Paul H., 180, 182, 184, 245
    • Bohlen, Avis R., 202
    • Bohlen, Charles E., 164
    • Bolen, David B., 244
    • Bolivia, 17
    • Booz Allen, 25
    • Bourbon, Philip:
      • Civil Service reform, 153, 155, 156, 157
      • Employment equity and awareness, Handicapped people, 221
      • Foreign service discontent and reform, Cone system modification, 175
      • Problems and plans for affirmative action, 215
    • Bourgin, Marida, 193
    • Bowdler, William G., 25, 89, 94, 241
    • Bowie, Robert R., 61, 67, 69, 83
    • Boyd, John B., 190
    • Bradford, Jean D., 202
    • Bradley v. Vance (1977), 161
    • Bray, Charles, 170, 172, 180, 182
    • Brazil, 17, 151
    • Brazil, Harold E., 190
    • Brewster, Robert C., 177
    • Brezhnev, Leonid I., 9, 13, 18, 19
    • Bridges, Peter S., 164
    • British Broadcasting Company (BBC), 135
    • Broomfield, William S., 170
    • Brown, Beverly B., 190
    • Brown, David G., 161
    • Brown, Dean, 172
    • Brown, Emerson M., 46
    • Brown, Gen. George S., 7, 29, 53, 60, 67
    • Brown, Harold:
      • Carter’s Camp David meeting with State Department officials, 25
      • Defining and ranking of intelligence requirements, 67
      • Executive Order 12036, 73, 74, 86, 90
      • Foreign assistance reorganization, 144
      • Guidelines for reporting abuse of intelligence, 86, 90
      • IOB reporting procedures, 98
      • Legislative charters for Intelligence Community, 84, 92, 100
      • Meeting with Carter (June 2, 1977), 43, 44
      • Messages, To Carter, 56
      • PD/NSC–2, 7
      • PD/NSC–17, 56, 59
      • PD/NSC–19, 60
      • PD/NSC–31, 79
      • PRC meetings, 67
      • PRM/NSC–11 intelligence structure and mission study:
        • Attorney General’s Subcommittee report under, 36, 60
        • Budgeting authority for DCI, 52
        • DCI as chair of, 28
        • DCI as intelligence czar, 43
        • Issues and options, 51, 52, 55
        • Organization of, 27
        • SCC report from, 41
        • Task 2 report, 42
        • Wartime operations, 49
      • SCC meetings, 36, 47, 84
      • Vance’s resignation, 21
      • Visit to Japan, Korea (July 1977), 56
      • Warrantless electronic surveillance, 60
    • Brown, James, 190
    • Brown, L. Dean, 132
    • Brown, Sidney D., 190
    • Brzezinski, Zbigniew:
      • Carter-Brown meetings, 43, 44
      • Carter’s Camp David meeting with State Department officials, 25
      • Chiefs of Station-Ambassador relationship, 94
      • Chinese People’s Republic, 14
      • CIA operations not reported to IOB, 103, 104, 106, 107, 108
      • Clandestine collection of intelligence, 83, 109
      • Clandestine distribution of publications in Soviet bloc countries, 95, 97
      • Coordination of policy within the executive branch, 16
      • Covert action, 80
      • Defining and ranking of intelligence requirements, 67
      • Dissemination of domestic intelligence on United States persons, IOB concern with, 30
      • Executive Order 12036, 71, 73, 74, 86, 88, 90
      • Foreign policy of the United States, 14, 15, 18, 20
      • Guidelines for reporting abuse of intelligence, 86, 90
      • Human rights, 14
      • Intelligence policy meeting, 33
      • IOB performance and disposition, 31, 32
      • IOB reporting procedures, 98
      • IOB’s role, 88
      • Legislative charters for Intelligence Community, 84, 91, 92, 93, 101
      • Middle East, 14
      • Muskie’s relations with, 26
      • NSC organization, 1, 3, 4, 5, 10
      • NSC staff access to information given the President, 68
      • Overseas intelligence reporting, 82
      • PD/NSC–2, 7
      • PD/NSC–17, 56, 57
      • PD/NSC–19, 60
      • PFIAB performance and disposition, 31, 32
      • Political intelligence, 63, 69, 75, 77, 83, 94
      • Political summit, 26
      • PRC meetings, 67
      • Presidential standards for review of sensitive operations, 96
      • Press leaks, 18
      • Prioritizing intelligence needs, 61
      • PRM/NSC–11 intelligence structure and mission study:
        • Attorney General’s Subcommittee report under, 36
        • Compromise proposals, 55
        • DCI as chair of, 28
        • Issues and options, 51, 54, 55
        • Organization of, 27
        • SCC report from, 41
        • Task 2 report, 42
      • Psychology of Presidential power, 13
      • Reductions in U.S. employment abroad, 132, 133
      • SCC meetings, 36, 47, 48, 91
      • SCC role in sensitive intelligence collecting operations, 72
      • Speech to Council on Foreign Relations (Apr. 1979), 19
      • Unity and Muskie’s new foreign policy team, 24
      • USIA–CU reorganization, 137
      • Vance’s relationship with, 19, 24
      • Vance’s resignation, 21
      • Visit to Beijing (May 1978), 15
      • Visit to Soviet Union (proposed), 19
      • Weekly National Security Reports, 8, 9
      • White House international economic policy staff proposal, 114
    • Buchanan, John Hall, Jr., 135, 138, 183
    • Bucsko, Phyllis A., 129, 204
    • Buffham, Benson K., 36
    • Bukowski, James B., 190
    • Bundy, McGeorge, 25
    • Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs, 119, 120
    • Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (CU):
    • Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), 193
    • Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR), 41, 42, 46
    • Bureau of Personnel:
      • Application Review Committee, 202
      • Cone system modifications, 175
      • Office of Human Resources Management, 249
      • Open assignments, 162
      • Staff meetings, 221
      • Tandem couples, 178
      • Travelers, 215
      • Working couples, 212, 232
    • Burger, Angela S., 190
    • Burke, Gerald, 36
    • Burke, J. Herbert, 138
    • Burma, 151
    • Burroughs, John A., Jr.:
      • As Ambassador to Malawi, 245
      • As deputy assistant secretary, 244
      • Employment equity and awareness:
        • Affirmative action progress reports, 198, 213, 218, 230
        • Attenders at executive EEO seminar, 222
        • Class action complaints against gender discrimination, 195, 199, 201, 211
        • EEO drive as announced by Vance, 198
        • Executive Level Task Force on Affirmative Action report, 198
        • FS written examination cut scores, 231
        • FSO minority representation trends, 243
        • Handicapped people, 221
        • Lack of minorities in foreign missions, 209
        • Middle-level Hiring Program for Women and Minorities, 202, 206
        • Minority postings overseas, 220
        • Problems and plans in affirmative action, 215
        • Recruitment strategy and efforts in programs for affirmative action, 218, 219
        • Scholar-Diplomat Program, 241
        • Second-generation EEO Program initiatives, 249
        • Status of minority State Department employees, 207
        • Status of minority women among State Department employees, 208
        • Status of women State Department employees, 206
        • Working couples, 232
      • As Superior Honor Award recipient, 245
    • Business Roundtable, 117
    • Byers, Wheaton, 31
    • Byrd, Robert C., 14, 25, 117
    • Byrne, Patricia M., 244
    • Cambodia, 19, 68
    • Cameron, Rondo, 190
    • Camp David accords (Sept. 1978), 17, 18, 22
    • Campbell, Alan K. “Scotty,” 125, 134, 152, 210
    • Campbell, Fenton G., 190
    • Canada, 101
    • Cape Verde, 151
    • Car cameras, 79
    • Career development (see also Foreign service discontent and reform):
      • Effect of Foreign Service Act (1980) on, 166
      • Implementation of package for, 184
      • Language training, 94, 182, 184
      • Need for comprehensive program in, 197
      • Out-of-cone training and assignments for, 175, 180
      • Problems in, 215
      • Second-generation initiatives for, 249
      • In the Senior Foreign Service, 169, 181
      • For veterans, 152
      • For women, 168
    • Career Senior Professional Service (proposal), 152
    • Carlucci, Frank:
      • Chiefs of Station-Ambassador relationship, 81
      • CIA briefings for IOB, 99
      • Clandestine collection of intelligence, 83
      • Clandestine distribution of publications in Soviet bloc countries, 95
      • As Deputy DCI, 78
      • Legislative charters for Intelligence Community, 84, 87, 91, 93
      • Political intelligence improvements, 94
      • Review of SCC-approved intelligence activities, 109
      • SCC meetings, 84, 91
    • Carney, Timothy M., 161
    • Carrington, Walter, 244
    • Carswell, Robert, 67
    • Carter, Hodding, III, 25, 136, 198, 241
    • Carter, James Earl:
      • Brzezinski-Vance differences, 19
      • Camp David Agreement, 18
      • Camp David meeting with State Department officials, 24, 25
      • Central Intelligence Agency, communication with, 25
      • CIA briefings for IOB, 99
      • CIA Chiefs of Station-Ambassador relationship agreement, 65, 94
      • CIA operations not reported to IOB:
        • Brzezinski’s memo on, 106, 108
        • Carter’s message to IOB, 111
        • CIA position, 105
        • Decisions on briefing, 107
        • Farmer-Gore-Turner meeting on, 103
        • IOB position, 104, 105, 108
        • Meetings with IOB on, 108
      • CIA scope papers, 109
      • Civil Service reform, 153, 159, 160
      • Clandestine collection of intelligence, 88
      • Clandestine distribution of publications in Soviet bloc countries, 97
      • Coordination of policy within the executive branch, 16
      • Defense Department, communication with, 25
      • Dissemination of domestic intelligence on United States persons, IOB concern with, 30
      • Economic Policy Group, 112, 116
      • Employment ceilings for the Executive branch, 125
      • Employment equity and awareness:
        • Career development, 184
        • Employment of women and minorities in the Federal Service, 210
        • Handicapped people, 221
        • Human rights and equal opportunity, 193
        • Lack of minorities in foreign missions, 205
        • Messages to cabinet officers and agency heads on, 187, 188, 196
      • Executive Order 12036:
        • Drafts for, 70, 71, 73
        • Guidelines for reporting abuse of intelligence under, 85, 86, 88, 90
        • IOB role under, 88
        • Observations on content of, 71, 74
        • Signing of, 76, 77
      • Executive Order 12048, 140
      • Foreign assistance reorganization:
        • Bilateral aid, 141
        • Decisions on, 144
        • Executive Order 12163, 149
        • Executive Order 12164, 147
        • Humphrey Bill for, 142
        • Increasing the effectiveness of development assistance, 151
        • Reorganization Plan No. 2, 146
        • State Department views on, 143
      • Foreign policy:
        • Concerns for 1980 election, 18
        • Consultations as aid in, 15
        • Impact on U.S. domestic policy, 20
        • Management style of, 2
        • Priorities for 1979–1980, 17
        • Public perception of character of, 12
        • U.S.-Sino-Soviet balance, 18
        • Vision of, need for, 9
      • Foreign Service Act (1980), 183
      • Guadeloupe Conference (Jan. 1979), 25
      • Hiring limitations, 112, 128, 129, 132
      • Intelligence policy meeting, 33
      • IOB performance and disposition, 32
      • IOB reporting procedures, 66, 98
      • Iran hostage crisis, 21
      • Legal opinions on intelligence matters, 88
      • Legislative charters for Intelligence Community, 84, 92, 100, 101, 110
      • Meetings:
        • With Bayh and Huddleston, 84
        • With Brown, 43, 44
        • With IOB, 58, 88, 108
      • Messages:
        • On employment ceilings, 125
        • On equal employment opportunity, 187, 188
        • From Fascell, 138
        • From Harold Brown, 56
        • From Inouye, 64
        • To Inouye, 58, 70, 86, 90
        • To IOB, 111
      • Mistrust by U.S. Jews of, 18, 20
      • NSC, communication with, 25
      • NSC organization, 4, 5
      • Overseas intelligence reporting, 82
      • PD/NSC–2, 4, 5, 7
      • PD/NSC–17, 56, 57, 59
      • Personnel management reorganization, 152
      • PFIAB performance and disposition, 32
      • Political intelligence improvements, 94
      • Political summit, 26
      • Press leaks, 18
      • Prior reporting to Congress on covert actions, 101
      • PRM/NSC–11 intelligence structure and mission study:
        • Compromise proposals, 55
        • Issues and options, 51, 54, 55
        • Organization of, 27
        • Task 2 report, 42
      • Psychology of Presidential power, 13
      • Reductions in U.S. employment abroad, 131, 133
      • Reporting requirements to IOB under E.O. 12036, 108
      • Safeguards against abuse of intelligence, 64
      • SALT II, 18
      • SCC meetings, 47, 48, 84
      • SCC role in sensitive intelligence collecting operations, 72
      • Speeches:
        • To Congress on Civil Service reform (Mar. 1978), 152
        • Inaugural Address (Jan. 1977), 193
        • National Foreign Policy Conference (Feb. 1979), 19
        • State of the Union (Jan. 1980), 24, 25
        • UNGA (Mar. 1977), 9
      • State Department, communication with, 25
      • Trade reorganization, 117, 118, 119, 121
      • Unity and Muskie’s new foreign policy team, 24
      • U.S. economic aid, 25
      • U.S. participation in Multilateral Development Banks, 147
      • USIA–CU reorganization, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140
      • Vance’s resignation, 21, 22, 23, 25
      • Visits:
        • Italy (proposed), 20
        • Mexico (Feb. 1979), 17
        • Middle East (Jan. 1978), 14
        • Moscow (proposed), 20
        • Vienna (June 1979), 18, 19
      • Warrantless electronic surveillance, 60
      • Warrantless physical searches, 60
      • Weekly National Security Reports, 8, 9
      • White House international economic policy staff proposal, 114
    • Carter, W. Beverly, 244
    • Case, Clifford, 135
    • Case Act, 145
    • Castro, Fidel, 13, 24, 41
    • Castro, Raul H., 244
    • Caulkin, Homer L., 232
    • Ceausçescu, Nicolae, 15
    • Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (see also Clandestine activities; Covert action):
      • Access to SCC minutes, 109
      • As affected by terrorism, 63
      • Analysis of options under PRM/NSC–11 by, 36, 40, 44
      • Chiefs of Station-Ambassador relationship, 62, 65, 77, 78, 81, 94
      • Clandestine distribution of publications by, 95, 97
      • Communication with Carter, 25
      • Counterintelligence responsibilities of, 41
      • DCI’s role as seen by, 44
      • Directorate of Operations, 63
      • DOD link, possible, 40
      • Executive Order 12036, 72, 86, 109
      • Farmer-Gore-Turner meeting on, 103
      • Future management of Intelligence Community as seen by, 38, 40
      • Guidelines for reporting abuse of intelligence, 85, 86
      • Improving quality of intelligence as primary objective of, 38
      • Increased centralization in management of, 38
      • Internal reorganization plan, 63
      • IOB briefings by, 99
      • King Hussein’s relationship with, 31
      • Language training for officers of, 94
      • Legislative charter for (proposed), 84, 91, 92, 93
      • NSC liaison with, 11
      • NSC staff access to information given the President, 68
      • Operations of not reported to IOB:
        • Brzezinski’s memo to Carter on, 106, 108
        • Carter-IOB meeting on, 108
        • Carter’s message to IOB on, 111
        • CIA position, 105
        • Decisions on briefing, 107
        • Farmer-Gore-Turner meeting on, 103
        • IOB position, 104, 105, 108
        • Turner-IOB meeting on, 109
      • Option for disbanding of, 41, 44
      • As part of Task 2 subcommittee, 42
      • Personnel cuts in, 63
      • Political intelligence, 63, 69, 83
      • PRM/NSC–11 intelligence structure and mission study, 27, 36, 40, 44
      • As producer of intelligence, 41
      • Reductions in U.S. employment abroad, 132, 133
      • As SCC(CI) member, 41
      • Scope papers by, 109
      • Splitting of DCI position from Director of, 35, 41
      • State Department relations with, 77, 109, 133
      • Unauthorized disclosure of classified information, 34
      • Warrantless electronic surveillance, 60
      • Weaknesses of, 42
    • Central Intelligence Agency Program (CIAP), 38
    • Chai, Nam Yearl, 190
    • Chamber of Commerce, 117
    • Chambers, Anne Cox, 244
    • Chard, Cynthia, 204
    • Cheek, James R., 190
    • Cherne, Leo, 3, 31, 32
    • Cheyenne River Reservation, 193
    • Chicago Tribune, 214
    • Chiefs of Mission appointments, 180
    • Chiefs of Mission compensation levels, 172
    • Chile, 17, 63, 77
    • China, People’s Republic of, 14, 15, 17, 18, 61, 118
    • Christopher, Warren M.:
      • Carter’s Camp David meeting with State Department officials, 24, 25
      • Discrimination by sexual orientation, 217, 223
      • Foreign assistance reorganization, 141
      • Foreign Service Act (1980), 165, 170, 174
      • Foreign service discontent and reform, Cone system modification, 175
      • Hiring limitations, 132
      • Iran hostage crisis, 21
      • Legal opinions on intelligence matters, 88
      • Legislative charters for Intelligence Community, 87, 91
      • Personnel management reorganization, 152
      • Political intelligence improvements, 94
      • Political summit, 26
      • SCC meetings, 47, 91
      • USIA–CU reorganization, 135, 136, 139
      • Vance’s view of DCI’s role, 46
    • Church, Frank F., 14, 24, 32, 101, 135, 170
    • Civil Rights Act (1964), 192
    • Civil Service Commission:
      • Assessment center testing format, 163
      • Civil Service Reform Act as approved by, 160
      • Displaced Employee Program, 125
      • Employment of Foreign Service spouses, 204
      • Federal Appeals Authority, 201
      • Identification of minorities, 207
      • Minority women’s employment profiles, 208
      • Pay comparability study, 134
      • Replacement with Office of Personnel Management, 152
      • Women and minorities in the Federal Service, 210
    • Civil service job credits, 169
    • Civil Service reform:
      • Assessment of content of Civil Service Reform Act, 160
      • Changes in policies affecting women, 196
      • Conversion to CS of ICA employees, 181
      • EEOC actions against CS regulations, 152
      • Exemptions of employees from, 152
      • Incorporation of Foreign Service into Civil Service, 169, 249
      • Meetings with agencies on implementation of, 154
      • Minorities among Civil Service employees, 235
      • Personnel management reorganization, 152
      • Status of women under, 245
    • Civil Service Reform Act (1978):
      • Appeals process under, 158
      • Assessment of content of, 160
      • Committee hearings on, 153
      • Conference committee discussion of, 158
      • Employee rights under, 181
      • Labor-management relations, 169, 172, 181
      • Leach Amendment, 127, 128, 129
      • Passage of, 159
      • Performance pay in, 160
      • Removal of FSOs from, 157, 158
      • Rescheduling in House of, 156
      • Scheduling for House action on, 155
      • Senate passage of, 157
    • Civil Service Upward Mobility Program, 188, 194, 207, 245, 249
    • Civiletti, Benjamin, 98, 100, 101, 106, 132
    • Clandestine activities (see also Central Intelligence Agency; Covert action):
      • Collection of intelligence:
        • Carter’s meeting with IOB on, 88
        • CIA briefing of IOB on, 99
        • Congressional notification of, 78
        • Need for increase in, 75, 77, 83
        • Prior briefing of Congress on, 78, 88, 101, 102
        • From the Soviet Union, 75, 83
        • Standards and procedures for, 96, 109
        • Status report on, 94
      • Distribution of publications in Soviet bloc countries, 95, 97
      • E.O. 12036 and, 78, 97
      • SCC role in, 72, 96
    • Clandestine services, 37
    • Clandestine Services Collection/Operations Agency (proposed), 44
    • Clark, Joan Margaret:
      • As ambassador, 244
      • Chiefs of Station-Ambassador relationship agreement, 65
      • Employment equity and awareness, 204, 206, 207, 208, 209
      • Hiring limitations, 128, 129
      • Substantive reporting, 45
      • USIA–CU reorganization, 135, 136
    • Clark, Joe, 101
    • Clark, Phipps, Clarke and Harris, Inc., 193
    • Clark Report (1965), 193, 225
    • Class action complaints:
    • Classified information, 34
    • Clay, William Lacy, Sr., 156
    • Clergy, 100, 102
    • Clerical employment program, 193
    • Clift, A. Denis, 36, 47, 91, 101
    • Cobb, Larry R., 190
    • Cochetti, Roger, 150
    • Cochrane, James D., 190
    • Coffey, Raymond, 214
    • Colbert, Evelyn S., 244
    • Colby, William E., 40
    • Colin, Donald, 177
    • Collection management, 42
    • Collection tasking, 41, 50, 74
    • Collegial review, 41
    • Colleton, Carol A., 202
    • Collins, J. Foster, 67
    • Columbia Plaza, 242
    • COMIREX Committee, 40, 41, 42, 50
    • Commerce, U.S. Department of:
      • As consumer of intelligence, 52
      • Dresser contract, 16
      • Interagency exchange of officers, 164
      • Memo of Understanding between Departments of State and, 119
      • As producer of intelligence, 41, 42
      • Programs for American Indians in, 193
      • Public diplomacy activities of, 138
      • Reorganization of, 113, 115, 117, 118, 119, 121
      • Transfer of positions from State to, 119, 120
    • Commission on the Organization of the Government for the Conduct of Foreign Policy, 135
    • Commissioning and Tenure Boards, 215, 238
    • Committee on Foreign Intelligence (CFI), 3, 27, 29, 31, 37, 41
    • Committee on Imagery Exploitation (COMIREX), 40, 41, 42, 50
    • Committee on Information Activities Abroad, 135
    • Committee on International Economic Security, 3
    • Committee to Review Recruitment and Examination for the Foreign Service, 231
    • Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), 118
    • Commodity policy, 112, 115, 118
    • Commodity sales, 141
    • Common Fund, 17
    • Communications, 31, 37, 41
    • Comprehensive Test Ban (CTB) Treaty, 17, 18
    • Cones:
      • FSO promotions of women by, 185
      • Out-of-cone training and assignments, 175, 180
      • Problems with system of, 164, 175
      • Single-cone vs. four-cone functional tests for FSOs, 189
      • Types of, 161, 162
    • Conference for Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), 17
    • Congress, Acts of:
      • Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act (1954), 146
      • Architectural and Transportation Barriers Act (1968), 221
      • Arms Control and Disarmament Act (1961), 3, 181
      • Atomic Energy Act (1946), 64
      • Case Act, 145
      • Civil Rights Act (1964), 192
      • Civil Service Reform Act (1978):
        • Appeals process under, 158
        • Assessment of content of, 160
        • Committee hearings on, 153
        • Conference committee discussion of, 158
        • Employee rights under, 181
        • Labor-management relations, 169, 172, 181
        • Leach Amendment, 127, 128, 129
        • Passage of, 159
        • Performance pay in, 160
        • Removal of FSOs from, 157, 158
        • Rescheduling in House of, 156
        • Scheduling for House action on, 155
        • Senate passage of, 157
      • Department of International Trade Act (S. 891), 117
      • Equal Employment Act (1972), 193
      • Espionage Act (1917), 34
      • Foreign Advisory Committee Act (1972), 3
      • Foreign Assistance Act (1961), 88, 100, 141, 145, 146
      • Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), 84, 102
      • Foreign Relations Authorization Act (1979), 146
      • Foreign Service Act (1946):
        • Amendments to, possibility of, 169
        • Consultations on changes to, 165
        • Exemption from Civil Service reform of employees under, 152
        • Handling of grievances under, 158
        • Need for updated legislation for, 174, 181
        • Objectives of, 193
        • Principles and practices legislated under, 161, 164
        • Requirement for record-keeping under, 197
        • Title VI, 181
        • Title VIII, 181
      • Foreign Service Act (1980):
        • AFSA views on, 165, 169, 170
        • Areas of consensus and contention with, 169
        • Association of American Foreign Service Women’s view on, 168
        • Board of Foreign Service views on, 167
        • Career development as affected by, 166
        • Chapter VII of, 166
        • Conversion to Civil Service of FS workers under, 249
        • ICA, 165, 169, 170, 172, 173, 174
        • OMB’s clearance of bill for, 173
        • Passage of, 183
        • Pell Amendment, 180
        • Performance pay in, 169, 170, 172, 173
        • Read’s memos to Vance on, 165, 172
        • Read’s statement upon Carter’s signing of, 183
        • Senior Officers’ memo on, 171
        • State Department views on, 181
        • Suggested compromises and next steps for, 172
        • Task force for monitoring efforts at passage of, 172
        • Transmission to Congress by Vance, 174, 181
        • Vance’s meetings with State Department intra-service groups on, 170
      • Freedom of Information Act (P.L. 89–554), 27, 29, 34, 101, 102
      • Fulbright Act (1946), 135
      • Fulbright-Hayes Act (1961), 135
      • Government Reorganization Act (1977), 135
      • Hatch Act (1939), 155
      • Hostage Relief Act (1980), 181
      • Hughes-Ryan Act (1974), 88, 100, 101, 110, 181
      • Indian Citizenship Act (1924), 193
      • Indian Removal Act (1830), 193
      • Inspector General Act (1978), 181
      • Intelligence Authorization Act (1980), 110
      • Intergovernmental Personnel Act, 194
      • International Trade and Investment Reorganization Act (S. 1990), 117
      • Jackson-Vanik Amendment, 17, 20
      • Leach Amendment (1978), 127, 128, 129
      • National Intelligence Act (1980), 35, 38, 39, 102
      • National Security Act (1947):
        • Chiefs-of-Stations’ responsibilities under, 65
        • DCI’s authority under, 38, 40, 42
        • Division of responsibilities for intelligence under, 37
        • DOD views on, 35
        • NFIP as defined by, 27
        • NSC as created under, 2, 7, 41
        • NSC’s responsibilities under, 51
        • Proposed amendment on unauthorized disclosures to, 34
      • Peace Corps Act, 181
      • P.L. 78–359, 152
      • P.L. 79–584, 135
      • P.L. 80–253, 35
      • P.L. 80–402, 135
      • P.L. 87–195, 145
      • P.L. 87–293, 181
      • P.L. 87–297, 181
      • P.L. 89–554, 27, 29, 34, 101, 102
      • P.L. 93–112, 194, 221
      • P.L. 93–475, 65, 77, 81
      • P.L. 93–579, 27, 29
      • P.L. 93–618, 118
      • P.L. 94–350, 135
      • P.L. 95–17, 135
      • P.L. 95–118, 146
      • P.L. 95–426, 145
      • P.L. 95–452, 181
      • P.L. 95–454, 127, 128, 129, 153, 169, 181
      • P.L. 95–511, 84
      • P.L. 96–39, 119
      • P.L. 96–450, 110
      • P.L. 96–465, 249
      • P.L. 480, 141, 142, 148, 151
      • Privacy Act (1974), 27, 29
      • Rehabilitation Act (1973), 194, 221
      • Rogers Act (1924), 166
      • Smith-Mundt Act (1948), 135
      • Trade Act (1974), 118
      • Trade Agreements Act (1979), 119
      • Trade Bill (1979), 115
      • Veterans’ Preference Act (1944), 152
      • War Powers Resolution, 102
    • Congress, U.S.:
      • AID’s transfer into IDCA, 145
      • American Indian Policy Review Commission, 193
      • Chinese People’s Republic, 14
      • CIA–DOD link, opposition to possibility of, 40
      • Civil Service reform, 153, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159
      • As consumer of intelligence, 41, 42
      • DCI as spokesman to, 42
      • Foreign assistance reorganization, 149, 150
      • Foreign policy meetings with leaders of, 14, 25
      • Guidelines for reporting abuse of intelligence under E.O. 12036, 85, 86, 88, 90
      • Human rights, 14
      • Intelligence oversight, 41, 64, 110
      • Legislative charters for Intelligence Community:
        • Carter’s meeting with Senators on, 101
        • Failure of Congressional passage of, 110
        • Letter from Senators on, 100
        • SCC meetings on, 84, 87, 91, 92
        • Turner’s memos on, 92, 93
        • Working Group for, 87, 91, 102
      • Middle East, 14
      • Multilateral trade negotiations, 117s
      • Notification of clandestine intelligence gathering, 78
      • NSC monitoring functions for, 10
      • Passage of Foreign Service Act (1980) by, 183
      • Pay schedules, 181
      • Personnel management reorganization, 152
      • Prior reporting on covert actions to, 78, 88, 101, 102
      • Rhodesia, 17
      • Trade agreements, 17, 119
      • U.S. military aid to Turkey, 17
      • USIA–CU reorganization, 135
    • Congressional Black Caucus, 205
    • Conlin, Michael J., 146, 166, 222, 231, 232
    • Conrad, David E., 190
    • Consolidated Cryptologic Program (CCP), 38, 40
    • Consular cone, 161, 162
    • Consultations, 15
    • Consumers-Producers Union (proposal), 47, 50, 51, 70, 83
    • Contractor organizations, 41
    • Conventional Arms Transfer (CAT) limitation, 18
    • Conway, Paul G., 190
    • Cook, Frances, 244
    • Coon, Jane A., 161, 244
    • Cooper, Richard N., 141
    • Cooper, Laurel M., 195
    • Cooperative Education Program, 194
    • Cooperatives, 151
    • Coran, Paul, 201, 224, 227
    • Corporation for Public Broadcasting, 135
    • Costa Rica, 17, 151
    • Coughlin, Michael, 228
    • Council of Economic Advisers (CEA), 112, 114
    • Council of International Economic Policy (CIEP), 3
    • Counseling, 215
    • Counselors, 249
    • Counterintelligence, 41, 42, 70, 96
    • Countervailing duties, 117, 118
    • Country Development Strategy Statements, 151
    • Court of Appeals, U.S., 160
    • Covert action (see also Central Intelligence Agency; Clandestine activities; Intelligence policy and reform):
      • CIA briefings of IOB on, 99
      • Destabilization of friendly governments, 70, 72
      • Doctrine for, 41
      • “In Extremis” doctrine and, 80
      • Legislative charters draft and, 91
      • PFIAB’s non-involvement in, 31, 32
      • Prior reporting to Congress on, 78, 88, 101, 102
      • Review and approval procedures for, 109
    • Covert Action Staff, 109
    • Cranston, Alan, 14
    • Credit unions, 151
    • Creekmore, Marion, 149
    • Crist, Janet L., 202
    • Critical intelligence, 41
    • Cross-cultural awareness, 249
    • Crow Reservation, 193
    • Cuba, 14, 17, 20, 24, 25
    • Cuban missile crisis, 3
    • Culling mechanisms, 170
    • Cultural bias, 214
    • Cultural exchanges, 135, 136
    • Culver, John C., 14
    • Curran, Marcia, 170
    • Current intelligence, 83
    • Customs Service, 118
    • Cutler, Lloyd N., 25
    • Cutler, Walter, 172
    • Cutter, Bowman, 87
    • Cyprus, 17, 61, 141
    • Danforth, John C., 14
    • Darbyshire, Ann, 161
    • Davis, Lynn E., 190
    • Dawson, Horace G., 205, 244
    • DCID 1/2, 42
    • De Passalacqua, John, 190
    • Debt overhang, 112
    • Deception, 41
    • Deep background evaluations, 214
    • Defector Program, 41
    • Defense, U.S. Department of (DOD):
      • Budget of, 37
      • Centralization of intelligence authority as seen by, 39, 42, 43
      • CIA link with, possible, 40
      • Civil Service reform, 160
      • Communication with Carter, 25
      • As consumer of intelligence, 41, 42
      • Counterintelligence responsibilities of, 41
      • DCI’s authority as seen by, 42, 43, 51
      • Detachment of CCP and NRP from, 38, 40
      • Guidelines for reporting abuse of intelligence under E.O. 12036, 86
      • Intelligence needs of, 37
      • Interagency exchange of officers, 164
      • National Security Act (1947) as seen by, 35
      • NSA as controlled by, 38, 40, 42
      • NSC budget review of, 3
      • PD/NSC–17, 57
      • Political/military motives for economic aid, 151
      • PRM/NSC–11 intelligence structure and mission study:
        • DOD preferred options in, 43, 47, 48, 49, 50
        • Organization of, 27
        • Task 2 report, 42
      • Problems with creation of a Director of National Intelligence (DNI) position, 39
      • Public diplomacy activities of, 138
      • Reductions in U.S. employment abroad, 132, 133
      • As SCC(CI) member, 41
      • Warrantless electronic surveillance, 60
      • Wartime administration of intelligence, 46, 49
    • Defense Attache System, 44
    • Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), 38, 41, 42, 46
    • Defense intelligence management, 41
    • Defense Issues Committee, 4
    • Defense Issues Panel, 3
    • Defense Review Panel, 3
    • DeJanes, Robert B., Jr., 190
    • DeJarnette, Edmund, 229
    • Del Valle, George, 245
    • Deng Xiao-ping, 15, 18
    • Dennin, Joe, 30, 31
    • Department of International Trade Act (891), 117
    • Department of Medicine and Surgery Pay Systems, 210
    • Departmental intelligence, 42
    • Deputy Director of Central Intelligence (DDCI), 38
    • Derian, Patricia M., 198, 244
    • DeRouville, Thea, 170
    • Derryck, Vivian L., 180, 182, 245, 249
    • Desai, Morarji, 15
    • Developing countries, 61
    • Development assistance, 151
    • Development Coordination Committee (DCC), 141, 143, 144
    • Development effectiveness policy, 151
    • Dick, James V., 103, 109
    • Diggs, Charles C., 138
    • Dikeos, Victor H., 123
    • Diplomacy for the ’70’s: A Program of Management Reform for the Department of State, 154
    • Diplomatic cone, 161, 162
    • Diplomats-in-Residence, 219, 246
    • Director of Central Intelligence (DCI):
      • Annual report to IOB of, 103
      • Authority under National Security Act (1947), 38, 40, 42
      • Budgeting authority for, 38, 40, 52, 59
      • Chiefs of Station-Ambassador relationship, 81
      • CIA views on role of, 44
      • Clandestine distribution of publications in Soviet bloc countries, 95
      • Competing visions of role of, 37, 55
      • Congressional reporting guidelines as drafted by IOB, 85
      • Counterintelligence role of, 42
      • DOD views on authority of, 42, 43, 51
      • Effectiveness of intelligence operations under, 42
      • Efficiency in using intelligence resources under, 42
      • Fine tuning option for, 38
      • Human Resources Committee, 40
      • As intelligence czar, 38, 43
      • Interagency Committee, 41
      • Job performance requirements, 40, 53
      • Legislative charters for Intelligence Community, 87
      • Line authority by:
        • As decision-making power, 41
        • Essential elements of, 40
        • Need for over NFIP, 28, 42, 44
        • Options for, 44, 51, 55
        • Over NRO, 46, 48, 52, 55
        • Problem of lack of, 38, 57
      • As model for foreign assistance administrator, 142
      • NSA staff authority of, 40, 48, 55
      • Options for authority of, 41
      • Political intelligence improvements, 94
      • Presidential standards for review of sensitive operations, 96
      • Propriety of intelligence operations under, 42, 72
      • Prospects for altering role of, 38
      • Responsibilities without necessary authority for, 38
      • Role as addressed by Truman of, 37
      • Role as defined in PD/NSC–17 of, 59
      • Role in relation to Inspector-Generals, 42, 50, 53
      • Roles as defined by E.O. 11905, 35, 38, 40, 42, 43
      • Roles as defined by E.O. 12036, 74
      • Secretary of Defense’s relationship with, 74
      • As Senior Foreign Intelligence Officer, 53
      • Splitting from DCIA, 35, 41
      • As spokesman to Congress, 42
      • State Department view of role of, 46
      • Task 2 report on roles of, 38, 42
      • Tasking as under control of, 37, 40, 51
      • Wartime intelligence, 42
    • Director of Foreign Assistance (proposal), 141
    • Director of Foreign Intelligence (proposal), 47
    • Directorate of Operations (CIA), 63
    • Dirkraat, William, 190
    • Dirks, Leslie, 34
    • Disabilities, 152, 181, 194, 221
    • Disabled veterans, 153, 160, 242
    • Discrimination:
    • Displaced Employee Program, 125
    • Dispute resolution, 172
    • Dissidents, 38
    • Dittmer, Alma Lowell, 190
    • Diversified service, 50
    • Diversity of opinion, 1
    • Divorce, 168, 169, 181
    • Dobbins, James F., Jr., 161
    • Dobrynin, Anatoly F., 19, 26
    • Dodson, Christine, 79, 83, 132
    • Doe, Samuel K., 25
    • Doerr, Capt. P. J., 35
    • Donahue, Arnold, 87, 91
    • Dorman, Lesley, 168, 169, 170
    • Double dipping, 160
    • Downey, Thomas J., 14
    • Dresser Industries, 16
    • Drexler, Robert, 247, 248
    • Drotos, John, 228
    • Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), 41, 63, 131, 132, 133, 160
    • Dubin, Martin D., 190
    • Dubs, Adolph, 205
    • Duffy, Joseph D., 137
    • Dulles, John Foster, 25, 135
    • Dumping, 117, 118
    • Duncan, Charles, Jr., 36, 47
    • Dunford, David, 149
    • Durkee, Michael, 175, 215
    • Dustin, Eben, 221
    • Eagleberger, Lawrence, 164
    • Eagleton, William, 190
    • Ealum, James M., 128, 129, 130
    • Earle, Ralph W., II, 26
    • East Asia, 205, 220
    • East-West Foreign Trade Board, 3
    • East-West relations, 17
    • Eastern Europe, 95, 97
    • Eaton, Lynnwood, 219, 221, 248
    • Ebony (magazine), 249
    • Economic assistance programs, 14, 25, 151
    • Economic cone, 161, 162
    • Economic Policy Board (EPB), 3, 112
    • Economic Policy Group (EPG), 112, 114, 116
    • Economic policy of the United States, 17, 112, 114
    • Economic reorganization:
      • Economic Policy Group, 112, 114, 116
      • Trade reorganization:
        • Constituencies for, 117
        • Implementation of plan for, 121
        • Reorganization Plan No. 3, 119, 120
        • Special Trade Representative’s role, 113
        • State Department views on, 119, 120
        • STR’s weaknesses, 115
        • Trade and Commerce Department proposal, 117
        • Treasury Department views on, 118
      • White House international economic policy staff proposal, 114
    • Economic security, 3, 4, 5
    • Economic Support Fund (ESF), 141, 151
    • Economics, 3, 41, 61
    • Economics Summits, 112
    • Ecuador, 17
    • Edminstrer, Diane L., 202
    • Education of American Indians, 193
    • Educational Testing Service (ETS), 163, 189, 214, 219
    • Effectiveness in intelligence operations, 42
    • Efficiency in intelligence operations, 36, 38, 41, 42, 50
    • Egypt, 17, 25, 61, 132
    • Egypt-Libya conflict, 17
    • Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty (Mar. 1979), 17, 22, 22
    • Ehlers, Carol J., 190
    • Ehrlich, Thomas, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151
    • Eisenhower, Dwight D., 2, 3, 135
    • Eizenstadt, Stuart E., 41, 70
    • El Salvador, 17, 24
    • Elections, 18
    • ELINT (electronic intelligence), 36, 60, 72, 81
    • Elkin, Judith, 190
    • Ellsberg, Daniel, 34
    • Emergency Committee for American Trade, 117
    • Employee rights, 181
    • Employment ceilings for the Executive branch, 122, 123, 124, 125, 127, 160
    • Employment equity and awareness (see also Executive Level Task Force (ELTF) on Affirmative Action; Hispanics; Middle-level Hiring Program for Women and Minorities; Minorities; Women):
      • American Indians as affirmative action topic, 193, 207, 210, 220, 245, 248
      • Blitz for foreign service recruitment, 247
      • Carter’s message to cabinet officers and agency heads on, 187
      • Class action complaints against gender discrimination:
      • Employment of Foreign Service spouses, 204
      • Equal Employment Opportunity Program, 183, 186, 188, 191, 249
      • Films on, 191
      • FS written examination cut scores, 231
      • FSO promotions compared by gender, 185
      • FSO written examinations’ impact on women and minorities, 189, 225, 238
      • Habib Committee report, 231, 238, 241, 246, 247, 249
      • Homosexuality as issue of, 217, 223, 228
      • Lack of minorities in foreign missions, 205, 209
      • Message on Equal Employment Opportunity Program, 186, 188
      • Minority postings overseas, 220
      • Minority representation trends, 243
      • One-year study on women by grade and pay plans, 236
      • Promotion of women FSOs, 229
      • Recruitment plans for FY–1981, 247
      • Scholar-Diplomat Program, 190, 241
      • Special Recruitment Effort, 190
      • Status reports on FS minorities, 207, 226, 233
      • Status reports on FS minority women, 208
      • Status reports on FS women, 206, 226, 234, 245
      • Ten-year review of minority and women FSOs, 192
      • Vance’s message on equal employment opportunity, 183, 186, 188, 191
      • Workforce change by sex (1969–1979), 237
      • Working couples, 212, 232
      • Written examination application statistics, 248
    • Employment reduction at the Department of State:
      • Attrition of foreign service personnel, 134
      • Exemptions for, 128, 129
      • Foreign service pay comparability, 134
      • Hiring limitations:
        • Carter’s limit on federal hiring, 112
        • Hiring Limitation Working Group report, 130
        • OMB recommendations for, 123, 124, 126, 128, 129, 130
        • State Department report on, 132
      • Leach Amendment’s effect on, 127, 128, 129
      • OMB recommendations for, 123, 124, 128, 129, 130
      • OMB/State Department report on, 131, 132, 133
      • Recruitment difficulties, 134
      • Statistics on, 130
      • U.S. employment abroad, 131, 132, 133
      • Zero-based budgeting review, 131, 133
    • Employment Review Committee, 242
    • Energy, 41, 61, 151
    • Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA), 3, 38, 41, 42, 52
    • Energy Resources Council, 3
    • Engelbrecht, Henry A., 190
    • English, Franklin, 202
    • Enhanced radiation weapons (ERWs), 20
    • Environment, 61, 117
    • Environmental preservation, 17
    • Equal Employment Act (1972), 193
    • Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) (see also Minorities; Women):
      • For American Indians, 193, 207, 210, 220, 245, 248
      • Carter’s messages on, 187, 188
      • Complaints systems for, 249
      • Counselors, 249
      • Executive seminar on, 222
      • Films on, 191
      • For homosexuals, 217, 223, 228
      • Human rights and, 193
      • As personnel management reorganization objective, 152
      • Programs for handicapped people, 186
      • Second-generation initiatives for, 249
      • Vance’s message on, 183, 186, 188, 191
    • Equal Employment Opportunity Award, 249
    • Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), 41, 152, 158, 160, 242
    • Ericson, Richard, 141
    • Ermarth, Fritz, 28
    • Eskimos, 193
    • Espey, Lawrence L., 190
    • Espionage Act (1917), 34
    • Essays, 214
    • Essence (magazine), 249
    • Ethiopia-Somalia conflict, 17, 61
    • European Common Market, 151
    • European Disarmament Conference, 17
    • Examination procedures, 214
    • Exchange of Persons Program, 135
    • Exchange programs, 70
    • Executive branch, 1, 41, 42
    • Executive Cabinet proposal, 2, 3
    • Executive EEO Seminar, 249
    • Executive level position limits, 160
    • Executive Level Task Force (ELTF) on Affirmative Action (see also Affirmative action; Employment equity and awareness):
      • American Indians as topic before, 193
      • Establishment of, 186, 188
      • FSO written examinations’ impact on women and minorities, 189
      • Handicapped people’s programs as examined by, 188, 194
      • Meetings of, 188, 245
      • Minorities as affected by affirmative action, 193, 230
      • Muskie’s first meeting with, 245
      • Progress in implementing recommendations of, 226
      • Report of, 194, 198, 213, 218, 230, 249
      • Special Recruitment Effort, 190
      • Women as affected by affirmative action, 189, 194
    • Executive Office of the President, 113, 117
    • Executive Orders:
      • 11034, 135
      • 11269, 147
      • 11375, 192, 196
      • 11491, 153, 160, 164
      • 11636, 169, 181
      • 11652, 34
      • 11838, 164
      • 11905:
        • Assessment of, 27, 29
        • Budgeting for intelligence under, 42
        • CIA Chiefs-of-Station-Ambassador relationship agreement, 65
        • Continuing post-E.O. 12036 authority of, 104
        • Creation of CFI by, 3, 41
        • Creation of IOB by, 32
        • DCI’s role in Intelligence Community, 35, 38, 40, 42, 43
        • Desire for improvement upon, 70, 73
        • Ford’s promulgation of, 104
        • Ineffectiveness of, 28
        • Modification of, 41
        • NSC’s role under, 41
        • Procedural issues arising from, 31
        • Propriety of intelligence operations under, 42, 72
        • Tactical intelligence under, 37
        • Upgrading of OAG by, 3
      • 11984, 32
      • 12036:
        • Carter’s views on content of, 71, 74
        • Clandestine operations and, 78, 97
        • DCI’s roles as defined by, 74
        • Dissemination of intelligence on United States persons, 81
        • Drafting of, 59, 70, 71, 73, 74
        • Guidelines for reporting abuse under, 85, 86, 88, 90
        • Implementation of procedures mandated by, 109
        • IOB drafting of reporting guidelines under, 85
        • IOB position, 66
        • IOB role under, 88
        • IOB’s meetings with Carter, 108
        • Legislative charters for Intelligence Community, 84, 87, 100
        • NFIB role under, 74
        • Observations on content of, 71, 74
        • OMB’s designated role under, 74
        • Overseas intelligence reporting and analysis, 82
        • PRC’s role in defining intelligence needs, 61
        • Presidential standards for review of sensitive operations, 96
        • Prior reporting to Congress on covert action, 101, 102
        • Reporting requirement to IOB under, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108
        • SCC responsibilities under, 72
        • Secret modification of, 108
        • Signing of, 76, 77
        • SSCI position, 64, 70
      • 12048, 140
      • 12163, 149
      • 12164, 141, 147
      • 12188, 119
    • Executive privilege, 70, 135
    • Executive Talent Bank (proposal), 218
    • Export control, 118
    • Export credit policy, 117
    • Export-Import Bank, 118
    • Export promotion, 118, 131
    • Externships, 217
    • Fahd, King (Saudi Arabia), 15
    • Fair labor standards, 152
    • Falco, Mathea, 244
    • Familiarization and Short-Term (FAST) language training courses, 182, 184
    • Family Liaison Office (M/FLO), 204
    • Family planning, 3, 151
    • Farley, Lawrence T., 190
    • Farmer, Thomas:
      • CIA briefings for IOB, 99
      • CIA operations not reported to IOB, 103, 104, 106, 107, 108, 111
      • Clandestine collection of intelligence, 88, 96, 99
      • Clandestine distribution of publications in Soviet bloc countries, 97
      • DCI’s annual report to IOB, 103
      • Executive Order 12036, 66, 70, 86, 88, 108
      • Guidelines for reporting abuse of intelligence, 85, 86, 88
      • IOB reporting procedures, 98, 108
      • Legal opinions on intelligence matters, 88
      • Legislative charters for Intelligence Community, 87
      • Presidential standards for review of sensitive operations, 96
    • Farrar, Curtis, 141, 142, 145, 146, 147
    • Fascell, Dante B.:
    • Faust, John R., 190
    • Federal Appeals Authority, 201
    • Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 163
    • Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI):
      • Exclusion from Senior Executive Service of, 155, 160
      • Foreign counterintelligence responsibilities of, 41, 70
      • Guidelines for reporting abuse of intelligence under E.O. 12036, 88
      • Intelligence arm of, 38, 42
      • Legal attaché program, 133
      • Legislative charter for (proposed), 84, 91
      • As SCC(CI) member, 41
    • Federal Employee Appeals Authority, 152
    • Federal Equal Opportunity Recruitment Program (FEORP), 245, 249
    • Federal Labor Relations Authority (LFRA), 160
    • Federal Labor Relations Board (FLRB), 152, 169
    • Federal Personnel Management Program (FPMP), 153, 154, 156
    • Federal Register, 204
    • Federal Reserve, 41
    • Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, 224
    • Federal Service, 210
    • Federal Women’s Program, 191, 249
    • Federally Employed Women (FEW), 218
    • Feldman, Roger, 122, 129, 130, 177, 180, 182
    • Feldstein, Michael, 149
    • Fenstermacher, Edward, 191
    • Fernandez, John D., 202
    • Fernandez, Ricardo R., 190
    • Fetzer, James A., 190
    • Field staffing, 131
    • Fimbres, Rudy V., 190
    • Final Review Panel, 214
    • Finished intelligence, 41
    • Finrow, Mary, 195
    • Flaherty, Donald W., 190
    • Flansen, Robert W., 190
    • Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, 219
    • Food aid, 141
    • Food and Agriculture (FAO) Post Harvest Losses Fund, 144
    • Food and Agriculture (FAO) World Food Program, 144
    • Food and population issues, 61
    • Forbes, John D., 161
    • Ford, Gerald R.:
      • CIA’s relationship with King Hussein, 31
      • Employment ceilings for the Executive branch, 122
      • E.O. 11905 as promulgated by, 104
      • Intelligence Advisory Board, 3
      • NSC role under Presidency of, 3, 4, 5
      • Operations Advisory Group, 3
      • U.S. economic aid, 25
    • Foreign Advisory Committee Act (1972), 3
    • Foreign Affairs (magazine), 18
    • Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS), 63, 118, 164, 206
    • Foreign assets control, 118
    • Foreign Assistance Act (1961), 88, 100, 141, 145, 146
    • Foreign assistance reorganization:
      • Bilateral aid, 141
      • Budgeting for, 148, 151
      • Carter support for Humphrey Bill, 142
      • Carter’s decisions on, 144
      • DCI as model for foreign assistance administrator, 142
      • IDCA/State Department study of issues in, 149, 150
      • IDCA’s creation, 141, 144, 146, 147
      • Multilateral aid, 149, 150
      • Reorganization Plan No. 2, 146
      • State Department position on Humphrey Bill, 141
      • State Department views on, 142, 143, 145, 148
    • Foreign Commercial Service (proposal), 119, 120
    • Foreign Intelligence Committee, 4
    • Foreign intelligence services, 36, 42, 63
    • Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), 84, 102
    • Foreign policy:
      • Of Carter as seen by public, 12
      • Concerns for 1980 election in, 18
      • Consultations as valuable part of, 15
      • Coordination within the executive branch of, 16
      • Domestic politics as impacted by, 20
      • Meetings with Congressional leaders on, 14, 25
      • Presidential management styles for, 2
      • Priorities for 1979–1980 in, 17
      • U.S.-Sino-Soviet balance, 18
    • Foreign Relations Authorization Act (1979), 146
    • Foreign Service Act (1946):
      • Amendments to, possibility of, 169
      • Consultations on changes to, 165
      • Exemption from Civil Service reform of employees under, 152
      • Handling of grievances under, 158
      • Need for updated legislation for, 174, 181
      • Objectives of, 193
      • Principles and practices legislated under, 161, 164
      • Requirement for record-keeping under, 197
      • Title VI, 181
      • Title VIII, 181
    • Foreign Service Act (1980) (see also Foreign Service discontent and reform):
      • AFSA views on, 165, 169, 170
      • Areas of consensus and contention with, 169
      • Association of American Foreign Service Women’s views on, 168
      • Board of Foreign Service views on, 167
      • Career development as affected by, 166
      • Chapter VII, 166
      • Conversion of domestic employees to Civil Service, 181
      • ICA, 165, 169, 170, 172, 173, 174
      • OMB’s clearance of bill for, 173
      • Passage of, 183
      • Pell Amendment, 180
      • Performance pay in, 169, 170, 172, 173
      • Read’s memos to Vance on, 165, 172
      • Read’s statement upon Carter’s signing of, 183
      • Senior Officers’ memo on, 171
      • State Department views on, 181
      • Suggested compromises and next steps for, 172
      • Task force for monitoring effects of passage of, 172
      • Transmission to Congress by Vance of, 174, 181
      • Vance’s meetings with State Department intra-service groups on, 170
    • Foreign Service Careers (booklet), 247
    • Foreign Service Charter, 169
    • Foreign Service Day (April 22), 190
    • Foreign Service discontent and reform (see also Career development; Foreign Service Act (1980)):
      • Areas of consensus and contention on, 169
      • Cone system modification, 175
      • Families of FSOs and staff posted overseas, 179
      • FSO oral examinations, 163, 214, 246
      • Performance pay, 169, 170, 172, 173, 176
      • Personnel system changes (proposal), 164
      • Reluctance to take assignments, 162
      • Senior Threshold criteria, 177
      • Tandem couples, 178
      • Ten-year review of minority and women FSOs, 192
      • Vance’s meeting with FSOs over, 161
    • Foreign Service Examination Supplement (booklet), 247, 249
    • Foreign Service Grievance Board, 158, 169, 181
    • Foreign Service Institute (FSI), 166, 180, 222, 226, 242, 249
    • Foreign Service Labor Management Relations Board (FSLRB), 169, 181
    • Foreign service management, 181
    • Foreign Service Officers (FSOs):
      • AID officers as, 164
      • Appointment and retention of, 181
      • Asian-American caucus, 193, 194
      • Civil Service coverage for, 157, 158, 169
      • Class action complaints against gender discrimination:
      • Conversion of women and minorities to, 238
      • Experience with conversion programs of, 154
      • As Foreign Commercial Service members, 119
      • Increase in numbers of women among, 245
      • Interagency exchange of, 164, 166
      • Loss of pride by, 164
      • Medical standards for, 221, 242
      • Oral examinations for, 163, 214, 246
      • Promotion by selection boards, 238
      • Promotions compared by gender of, 185, 229
      • Recruitment blitz for, 247
      • Relative scarcity of Hispanics among, 245
      • Reluctance to take assignments, 162
      • Salaries of, 169
      • Spouses and dependents of, 168, 169, 172, 179, 181, 204
      • Status of minorities as, 207, 243
      • Status of minority women as, 208
      • Status of woman as, 206
      • Ten-year review of minorities and women employed as, 192
      • Vance’s meeting on discontent among, 161
      • Women and minorities as affected by written examination for, 189, 225, 238
      • Written examination cut scores, 231
    • Foreign service pay comparability, 134
    • Foreign Service Pay Systems, 210
    • Foreign service reporting, 45
    • Foreign Service Reserve Officers (FSROs), 206, 207, 208
    • Foreign Service Reserve Unlimited (FSRU), 206, 207, 208
    • Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System, 181
    • Foreign Service Retirement System, 168
    • Foreign Service Staff Corps, 206, 207, 208
    • Foreign Technology Division (USAF), 41
    • Fort Apache Reservation, 193
    • 40 Committee, 3, 96
    • Forum Report on the Concerns of Foreign Service Spouses and Families (1977), 168
    • Foundation for Technological Collaboration (proposal), 142
    • Fourier, George P., 161
    • Fowler, Alta, 213
    • Fox, John, 145
    • Fox, Richard K., 244
    • France, 9, 17, 135, 151
    • Frank, Elke, 202
    • Franklin, Mark, 217
    • Free, James, 205
    • Free-Davison Task Force, 135
    • Freebon, Thomas J., 190
    • Freedom of Information Act (P.L. 89–554), 27, 29, 34, 101, 102
    • Freeman, Charles W., Jr., 161
    • Frenzel, William E., 117
    • Frey, Cynthia W., 190
    • Frey, James M., 160
    • Fri, Robert W., 7, 27, 29
    • Front Line states, 17
    • Frost, C. Robert, 190
    • Frykenburg, Robert E., 190
    • FSR/JO Program, 194
    • Fukuda, Tadeo, 15
    • Fulbright Act (1946), 135
    • Fulbright-Hayes Act (1961), 135
    • Fuller, Harrell, 215, 227, 239, 240
    • Fulton, Richard M., 190
    • Functional assignments, 199
    • Functional tests, 189
    • Funk, William, 36
    • G–77, 17
    • Gaddis, John L., 190
    • Gallagher, Dennis, 227
    • Galloway, William, 82, 154, 221
    • Gambino, Robert, 34
    • Gappert, Gary, 190
    • Garn, Edwin “Jake,” 101
    • Garrison, Mary Lee, 195
    • Garten, Jefrey, 142
    • Gays and lesbians, 217, 223, 228
    • Gaza, 17, 18
    • General Accounting Office (GAO), 135
    • General Advisory Committee (GAC), 3
    • General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 17, 114, 118
    • General Defense Intelligence Program (GDIP), 38, 42
    • General Recruitment Branch, 219
    • General Schedule, 210
    • General Services Administration (GSA), 163, 242
    • Georgetown University, 219
    • Germany, Democratic Republic of (GDR), 41
    • Germany, Federal Republic of (GFR), 9, 18, 135
    • Gershenson, Robert S.:
      • Civil Service reform, 154
      • Employment equity and awareness:
        • Affirmative action progress reports, 213, 230
        • Class action complaints against gender discrimination, 216, 224, 227, 239, 240
        • FSO minority representation trends, 243
        • Handicapped people, 221
        • Recruitment strategy and efforts in programs for affirmative action, 219
      • Foreign Service Act (1980), 172
      • Hiring limitations, 129, 130
      • Problems and plans for affirmative action, 215
      • Promotion of women FSOs, 229
    • Gierek, Edward, 15
    • Gilberg, Trond, 190
    • Gilderhus, Mark T., 190
    • Gill, Harpal S., 190
    • Gilligan, John J., 7, 141, 198
    • Gim, Wever, 190, 219, 221
    • Ginn, Rosemary L., 244
    • Giscard d’Estaing, Valery, 15, 25
    • Glantz, Michael H., 190
    • Global Issues Office, 5
    • Godfrey, Erwina E., 190
    • Gohlert, Ernest W., 190
    • Goldstein, Martin E., 190
    • Goldwater, Barry M., 58, 64, 102
    • Gompf, Eloise, 190
    • Gonzalez, Marie, 207
    • Gonzalez, Raymond E., 244, 245
    • Good, Martha H., 190
    • Goodman, Dennis, 161
    • Gordon, Robert C. F., 221, 244
    • Gore, Albert, 85, 86, 103
    • Gosenfeld, Norman M., 190
    • Government Reorganization Act (1977), 135
    • Graduate Women (magazine), 249
    • Granquist, Wayne G., 153
    • Grant, Henry R., 190
    • Gravely, John, 215, 240
    • Graves, Lt. Gen. Ernest, Jr., 94
    • Gray, Robert C., 190
    • Greece, 17, 61
    • Greenberg, Sally, 157
    • Gregg, Donald, 101, 132
    • Grieb, Kenneth J., 190
    • Grievances, 158, 169, 181
    • Gromyko, Andrei A., 24, 26
    • Groobey, Milley, 204
    • Group Operations, 227
    • Grow-your-own concept, 249
    • GS system, 169
    • Guadeloupe Conference (Jan. 1979), 25
    • Guatemala, 17, 151
    • Gudgeon, K. Scott, 145
    • Guerra-Mondragon, Gabriel, 202
    • Guggenheim, Malvina H., 190
    • Guinea-Bissau, 151
    • Gunderson, William C., 190
    • Guzman, Ralph, 244
    • Gwertzman, Bernard, 101
    • Habib, Philip, 46, 65, 77, 172
    • Habib Committee, 231, 238, 241, 246, 247, 249
    • Hadden, Susan G., 190
    • Haft, Marilyn, 91
    • Halperin, Morton, 73
    • Hamburg, Roger P., 190
    • Handicapped-accessible facilities, 242
    • Handicapped people:
      • Medical standards and, 221, 242
      • Programs for, 188, 194, 207, 245, 249
      • Statistics by year for, 207
      • Supplemental affirmative action program for, 242
      • Task Force examination of affirmative action program for, 188, 194
      • Vance’s statement on EEO programs for, 186
    • Hansell, Herbert J., 46, 47, 84, 87, 141, 201
    • Harassment, 200, 203, 249
    • Hard Choices (Vance), 5, 16, 21
    • Hardship differentials, 179, 181
    • Harmon, John, 34, 36, 47, 84, 91
    • Harper, Elizabeth J., 244
    • Harpootian, Ovsanna, 195
    • Harrington, Richard J., 161
    • Harris, Robert C., 190
    • Harris, Stanley, 190
    • Harrison, Roger, 190
    • Harrop, William C., 170
    • Hart, Gary W., 14
    • Hartman, Mary, 195
    • Harvey, Barbara S., 202
    • Hatch Act (1939), 155
    • Hay Group, 134, 170
    • Haynes, Ulric St. Clair, Jr., 244
    • Haywood, Carl, 190
    • Health, Education, and Welfare, U.S. Department of (HEW), 138, 193, 219
    • Health care, 151, 181
    • Healy, Theresa A., 190, 244
    • Hearing Panels, 216
    • Heavner, Theodore, Overseas intelligence reporting, 82
    • Hebron killings, 25
    • Heck, Ernestine, 178
    • Hecklinger, Richard E., 161
    • Hecox, Walter E., 190
    • Hegberg, Alan S., 161
    • Heinaru, Ilmar, 241
    • Heinz, H. John, III, 14
    • Helms, Richard M., 63
    • Henry, Clement M., 190
    • Henze, Paul, 63, 69, 80, 83, 137
    • Herman, Donald, 190
    • Heroin, 131
    • Hersch, Seymour, 38
    • Hickenlooper, Bourke, 135
    • High dollar assets, 50
    • Hilburn, Paul W., 161
    • Hill, Charles, 161
    • Hinton, Deane R., 180, 182
    • Hiring (see also Employment reduction in the Department of State; Middle-level Hiring Program for Women and Minorities):
      • Limitations on:
        • Carter’s limit on Federal hiring, 112
        • Hiring Limitation Working Group report, 130
        • OMB recommendations for, 123, 124, 126, 128, 129, 130
        • State Department report on, 132
      • Practices for selection and, 118, 194
      • Recruitment strategy, 218
      • Ten-year record on hiring of women and minorities, 192
    • Hiring Limitation Working Group, 130
    • Hirschhorn, Eric, 144
    • Hispanic Employment Program, 226
    • Hispanic Group, 194
    • Hispanics (see also Employment equity and awareness):
      • Applicants for 1980 written examination, 248
      • Blitz for Foreign Service recruitment, 247
      • In the Federal Service, 210
      • Foreign Service as lagging in recruitment of, 245
      • High-level positions for, 245
      • Lack in foreign missions of, 205, 209, 220
      • Status of, 207
      • Testing formats and performance of, 231
    • Holbrooke, Richard C. A., 25, 89, 209, 241
    • Holland, E. James, 190
    • Holliday, Robert, 188
    • Holloway, Anne Forrester, 244
    • Holmes, Charles F., 190
    • Holub, Norman, 190
    • Home leave, 181
    • Homer, Francis S. J., 190
    • Homme, Robert, 179
    • Homosexuals, 217, 223, 228
    • Hong, Choong-Shick, 190
    • Hoover, J. Edgar, 43
    • Hopi Reservation, 193
    • Hormats, Robert, 115
    • Horn of Africa, 13, 80
    • Hoskinson, Samuel M.:
      • CIA briefings for IOB, 99
      • Clandestine collection of intelligence, 83
      • Defining and ranking of intelligence requirements, 67
      • IOB performance and disposition, 31
      • Legislative charters for Intelligence Community, 84, 87, 91, 92, 93
      • PFIAB performance and disposition, 31
      • Political intelligence improvements, 69, 83
      • PRC meetings, 67, 69
      • PRM/NSC–11 intelligence structure and mission study, 27, 28, 36
      • SCC meetings, 36, 47, 84, 91
    • Hostage Relief Act (1980), 181
    • Hotis, John, 84
    • House of Representatives, U.S.:
      • Appropriations Committee, 38
      • Armed Services Committee, 34
      • Civil Service Reform Act, 153, 155, 156, 159
      • H.R. 6790, 181
      • H.R. 12006, 34
      • Indian Affairs Subcommittee, 193
      • International Operations Subcommittee, 135, 138
      • International Relations Committee (HIRC), 141
      • Judiciary Committee, 204
      • Pike Committee, 32
      • Post Office and Civil Service Committee, 153, 155, 169, 170
      • Rules Committee, 155
      • Select Committee on Intelligence, 70, 83, 102, 110
      • Ways and Means Committee, 115
    • Housing Investment Guaranties, 141
    • Howard, John R., 190
    • Hoy, Don R., 190
    • Hua Guofeng, 15
    • Huang, Kang S., 161, 215, 221
    • Huang, Mab, 190
    • Huddleston, Walter D., 84, 100, 101, 102
    • Hughes, Judith I., 190
    • Hughes, Steven, 190
    • Hughes-Ryan Act (1974), 88, 100, 101, 110, 181
    • Human Awareness Training, 249
    • Human Resources Committee, 50
    • Human rights, 14, 61, 117, 141, 151, 193
    • Human source collection, 42, 75
    • HUMINT (human intelligence), 41, 44, 63
    • Humphrey, Hubert H., 135, 141, 142
    • Humphrey, Muriel, 141
    • Humphrey Bill (1978), 141, 142
    • Hungary, 113
    • Huntington, Samuel P., 10
    • Husbands, Jo Louise, 190
    • Hussein (King of Jordan), 31
    • Hutcheson, Rick, 133
    • Hydle, Lars, 161, 170, 172
    • Hyland, William G., 10, 27
    • IMAGE, 249
    • Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), 41
    • Import relief, 118
    • In-basket tests, 163, 214
    • “In Extremis” doctrine, 80
    • Independent judgment, 50
    • Inderfurth, Karl “Rick,” 3, 14, 68, 83, 137
    • India, 151
    • Indian Citizenship Act (1924), 193
    • Indian Removal Act (1830), 193
    • Indians, American, 193, 207, 210, 220, 245, 248
    • Indonesia, 68, 151
    • Industry analysis, 118
    • Information and Cultural Agency (proposal), 135
    • Inman, Vice Adm. Bobby, 84, 91
    • Inouye, Daniel K.:
      • Brzezinski meeting with, 14
      • Guidelines for reporting abuse of intelligence under E.O. 12036, 85, 86
      • Messages:
      • Structural options for intelligence community, 46, 47, 48
    • Inspector General Act (1978), 181
    • Inspector-Generals, 42, 50, 53, 95, 181
    • Institute for Technical Cooperation (IFTC), 144, 145
    • Institute for the Development of Indian Law, 193
    • Intelligence Activities Advisory Committee (IAAC), 3
    • Intelligence analysis, 41, 43, 50, 75, 82
    • Intelligence Analysis and Production Agency (NIPA), 44
    • Intelligence Authorization Act (1980), 110
    • Intelligence Charter Working Group, 87, 91, 102
    • Intelligence collaboration, 41, 50
    • Intelligence Community:
      • Benefits for overseas employees of, 102
      • Budgeting for, 38, 40, 42, 52
      • Centralization of authority in, 38, 42, 43, 48
      • CIA view on future management of, 38, 40
      • As consumer of intelligence, 41
      • DCI as leader of, 53
      • Effectiveness in management of, 42
      • Efficiency in management of, 38, 41, 42, 50
      • Legislative charters for:
        • Carter’s meeting with Senators on, 101
        • Failure for Congressional passage of, 110
        • Letter from Senators on, 100
        • SCC meetings on, 84, 87, 91, 92
        • Turner’s memos on, 92, 93
        • Working Group for, 87, 91, 102
      • Line authority as key issue in restructuring of, 36, 48
      • Non-structural problems for, 47
      • PRC role in, 31, 38
      • Problem areas for, 41
      • As producers of intelligence, 41
      • Propriety in actions of, 42, 72
      • Public trust and confidence in, 41
      • Specialized intelligence services, 41
      • Structural options for, 41, 42, 46, 47, 48
      • Structure of (chart), 42
    • Intelligence Community Staff (ICS), 27, 29, 31, 41, 42, 50
    • Intelligence consumers, 41, 42, 48, 50, 51, 52
    • Intelligence needs, 41, 61, 67
    • Intelligence objectivity, 41
    • Intelligence oversight, 41, 64, 110
    • Intelligence Oversight Board (IOB):
      • Carter’s meetings with, 58, 88, 108
      • Carter’s memos to, 111
      • CIA briefings of, 99
      • CIA operations not reported to:
        • Brzezinski’s memo to Carter on, 106, 108
        • Carter-IOB meeting on, 108
        • Carter’s message to IOB on, 111
        • CIA position, 105
        • Decisions on briefing, 107
        • Farmer-Gore-Turner meeting on, 103
        • IOB position, 104, 105, 108
        • Turner-IOB meeting on, 109
      • Clandestine distribution of publications in Soviet bloc countries, 95, 97
      • Creation by E.O. 11905 of, 32
      • DCI’s annual report to, 103
      • Dissemination of domestic intelligence on United States persons, 30, 50
      • Drafting of Congressional reporting guidelines by, 85
      • Guidelines for reporting abuse of intelligence under E.O. 12036, 66, 85, 86, 88, 90
      • Legislative charters for Intelligence Community, 87
      • Performance and disposition of, 31, 32
      • Presidential standards for review of sensitive operations, 96
      • Reporting procedures of, 66, 98
      • Reporting requirements under E.O. 12036 to, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108
      • SCC actions on clandestine operations, 72
      • Selection of personnel for, 3
    • Intelligence policy and reform (see also Covert action; Line authority; PRM/NSC–11):
      • Bans on paid operational use of clergy, media, or academics, 100, 102
      • Budgetary authority, 38, 40, 42, 52
      • Carter’s meeting on, 33
      • CIA views on future management of Intelligence Community, 38, 40
      • Compromise proposals, 55, 57
      • DCI’s requirement for job performance, 40
      • Dissemination of domestic intelligence on United States persons, 30, 81
      • Foreign intelligence electronic surveillance legislation, 36, 60
      • IOB performance and disposition, 31, 32
      • Issues and options for, 51, 52, 54, 55
      • JCS position, 50, 53
      • Joint collection programs with foreign governments, 72
      • NSC discussion of, 51
      • Objectives for U.S. foreign intelligence, 41
      • Operational tasking, 37, 40
      • Overseas intelligence reporting, 63, 82, 89
      • PFIAB performance and disposition, 31, 32
      • Principles for U.S. foreign intelligence, 41
      • PRM/NSC–11:
        • Study under, Organization of, 27, 28
        • Task 1—Attorney-General’s subcommittee under, 29, 34, 36, 41, 60
        • Task 2:
          • CIA’s analysis of options under, 40
          • DCI as intelligence czar, 38, 43
          • Establishment of subcommittee for, 29
          • Report on, 42
          • SCC consideration of report on, 41
          • Subcommittee meetings on, 35
        • Task 3—Ad Hoc Interagency Group on Intelligence Structure and Mission:
          • CIA’s analysis of options under, 44
          • Drafting of legislation, 47, 48
          • Organization of, 27
          • Report of, 41
      • Protection from disclosure of agents’ identities, 102
      • Resource acquisition and allocation, 37, 41, 42, 70
      • Safeguards against abuse of intelligence, 41, 50, 64
    • Intelligence producers, 41, 42
    • Intelligence quality, 38, 48, 83
    • Intelligence Review Committee, 4
    • Intelligence Space Support Systems Agency (ISSS) (proposed), 41, 44
    • Intelligence topics, 61
    • Interagency Classification Review Committee, 34
    • Interdepartmental Intelligence Conference (IIC), 41
    • Intergovernmental Personnel Act, 194
    • Intergovernmental program improvements, 152
    • Interior, U.S. Department of, 163
    • International Affairs Division (of OMB), 123
    • International Bank of Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), 204
    • International Communications Agency (ICA):
      • Establishment of, 140
      • Executive EEO seminar for, 222
      • Foreign service discontent and reform:
        • Board of Foreign Service views on, 167
        • Conversion to Civil Service of ICA employees, 181
        • Foreign Service Act (1980), 165, 169, 170, 172, 173, 174
        • Tandem couples, 178
      • Second-generation EEO Program initiatives, 249
      • Secretary of State as nominal head of, 25
      • Testing formats, 163
      • Transfer of CU to, 119, 140
    • International Development Cooperation Agency (IDCA):
      • AID and State Department relations with, 148
      • Budgeting for, 142
      • Creation of, 141, 144, 145, 146, 147
      • Increasing the effectiveness of development assistance, 151
      • Reorganization plan for, 145, 146
      • Secretary of State as nominal head of, 25
      • State Department study of foreign assistance issues with, 149, 150
      • State Department views on, 143, 145
      • Transfer of AID into, 144, 145
    • International Development Institute (proposal), 141, 142
    • International Development Officers (proposal), 141
    • International Economic Security Committee, 4, 5
    • International financial institutions (IFIs), 141, 142, 147, 148, 149, 151
    • International Information Administration, 135
    • International Labor Organization (ILO), 3, 195
    • International Monetary Fund (IMF), 17
    • International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation (INFCE) Conference, 17, 18
    • International organizations, 141
    • International Trade and Investment Reorganization Act (S. 1990), 117
    • Interrogatories, 227
    • Investment policy, 118
    • Iran:
      • Hostage crisis, 21, 25, 101
      • Hostage rescue operation, 22, 23
      • Political situation in, 17
      • USIA programs in, 135
    • Iraq, 17
    • Isbister, James, 170, 180, 182
    • Israel, 17, 25
    • Italy, 25, 61, 112
    • Ivone, Irene, 249
    • Jackson, Andrew, 193
    • Jackson, William, 135
    • Jackson-Vanik Amendment, 17, 20
    • Jacobson, Jon L., 190
    • James, Charles A., 244
    • Jan, George P., 190
    • Janeway, Mike, 186
    • Jang, John Lun, 190
    • Jankowski, Anna, 207
    • Japan:
      • Brzezinski’s meeting with Congressional leaders on, 14
      • Cultural programs of, 135
      • Economic assistance programs of, 151
      • Guadeloupe Conference (Jan. 1979), 25
      • As intelligence topic, 61
      • United States, relations with, 17
      • U.S. trade negotiations with, 115
    • Jaramillo, Mari-Lucy, 244
    • Javits, Jacob, 135, 170
    • Jayne, Edward R., 47, 84
    • Jenkins, Kempton, 135
    • Jensen, Lloyd, 190
    • Jews, American, 18, 20
    • Job credits, 169
    • Joffe, Selby H., 190
    • Johnson, Darryl N., 161
    • Johnson, G. Wesley, 190
    • Johnson, Lyndon B., 2, 4, 5, 196
    • Johnson, Marilyn Priscilla, 244
    • Johnson, Paul M., 190
    • Johnson, Robert E., 190
    • Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 39, 41, 42, 50, 53
    • Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between the United States of America and the People’s Republic of China, 22
    • Joint State-CIA Instruction, 77
    • Jones, Gen. David C., 92
    • Jones, James Robert, 117
    • Jones, William Bowdoin, 244
    • Jones-Booker, Roberta, 202
    • Jordan, Hamilton, 18, 187
    • Joseph, Geri M., 244
    • Journalists, 100
    • Jova, Joseph J., 244
    • Judicial review, 36
    • Junior Officer hiring program for affirmative action (AAJOP) (see also Affirmative action; Minorities):
      • 1980 results, 245
      • Career development and, 175
      • Clark report on, 193
      • Development for the handicapped of, 194
      • Effect of Bakke case on, 214
      • Effective screening and follow-up of applications to, 247
      • Expansion of program overseas for, 180
      • Habib Committee’s examination of, 231
      • Hiring goals in, 226, 238
      • Problems and plans for affirmative action in, 215
      • Second oral examination as established for, 246
      • Status reports on, 213, 230, 245
    • Junior officers, 162, 180
    • Justice, U.S. Department of:
      • CIA operations not reported to IOB, 106
      • Civil Service reform, 160
      • Executive Order 12036, 70, 86
      • Guidelines for reporting abuse of intelligence, 86
      • Presidential standards for review of sensitive operations, 96
      • Programs for American Indians in, 193
      • As SCC(CI) member, 41
      • Second-generation EEO Program initiatives, 249
      • Warrantless electronic surveillance, 60
    • Kahn, Gilbert N., 190
    • Kalicki, Jane H., 190
    • Kampuchea, 19, 68
    • Kane, David C., 195, 197, 199
    • Kaplan, Jay L., 190
    • Karkashian, John, 221
    • Kaufmann, Judith R., 161
    • Keely, Charles B., 190
    • Keeny, Spurgeon, 67
    • Keeping Faith (Carter), 16
    • Kelley, Clarence M., 104
    • Kelly, Michael, 36
    • Kennedy, Edward M., 14, 18
    • Kennedy, John F., 2, 3, 4, 5, 135, 138
    • Kennedy Center, 14
    • Kenney, David, 161
    • Kenya, 151
    • Kern, Anthony, 170, 175, 215
    • Kester, John, 49
    • Key Intelligence Questions, 40, 42
    • KGB, 63, 70, 99
    • Khare, Brij B., 190
    • King, Marguerite Cooper, 195, 200
    • King v. Vance, 216, 224
    • Kinnelly, Francis, 145
    • Kinney, Douglas S., 161
    • Kinney, Stephanie Smith, 161
    • Kirby, William A., 190
    • Kissinger, Henry A.:
      • As chair of NSC committees, 3, 4, 5
      • Consultations as foreign policy aid, 15
      • Foreign Service Act (1980), 183
      • Lack of minorities in foreign missions, 205
      • Management style of, 25
      • Muskie as endorsed by, 25
      • Negotiations with Soviets by, 19
      • NSC expansion under, 2
      • Political intelligence improvement, 83
    • Knight, Barry L., 190
    • Knight, C. Gregory, 190
    • Knoche, Hank, 27, 28, 38, 58
    • Kobler, Arthur L., 161
    • Koblik, Steven S., 190
    • Komer, Robert, 109
    • Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of (DPRK), 12, 61
    • Korea, Republic of, 14, 17, 20, 25, 61, 151
    • Korean tree-chopping crisis, 3
    • Kraft, Michael E., 190
    • Krauss, Ellis S., 190
    • Kravetz, Nathan, 190
    • Kujovich, Gil, 95, 99
    • Labor, U.S. Department of, 44, 160, 193, 208, 219
    • Labor costs, 117
    • Labor-management relations, 160, 165, 167, 169, 172, 181
    • Labor strikes, 160
    • Labor unions, 117
    • Laise, Carol C.:
      • As Assistant Secretary, 244
      • Employment equity and awareness:
        • Executive Level Task Force on Affirmative Action report, 194, 198
        • FSO promotions compared by gender, 185
        • FSO written examinations’ impact on women and minorities, 189
        • Special Recruitment Effort, 190
        • Ten-year review of minority and women FSOs, 192
      • Foreign Service Act (1980), 172
    • Lake, Anthony:
      • Brzezinski’s assessment of, 24
      • Career development, 180, 182
      • Carter’s Camp David meeting with State Department officials, 24, 25
      • Foreign assistance reorganization, 141, 151
      • Organizational reform, 1
    • Lake, Joseph, 190
    • Lamb, Berton I., 190
    • Lampl, Peggy H., 244
    • Lampton, David M., 190
    • Lancaster, Carol J., 148, 244
    • Lancaster House Agreement (Zimbabwe Settlement) (Dec. 1979), 22
    • Lance, Thomas “Bert,” 7, 27, 29, 41, 60, 92
    • Landers, Clifford E., 190
    • Language training, 94, 182, 184
    • Laos, 68
    • Lapham, Anthony A.:
      • Attorney-General’s PRM/NSC–11 subcommittee, 34
      • Clandestine distribution of publications in Soviet bloc countries, 95
      • Congressional reporting guidelines as drafted by IOB, 85
      • Legislative charters for Intelligence Community, 84, 87, 91
      • PRM/NSC–11 intelligence structure and mission study, Attorney General’s Subcommittee report under, 36
      • SCC meetings, 36, 84, 91
    • Lateral Boards, 215
    • Lateral entry, 154, 193, 194, 215
    • Latin America, 14, 61, 135, 209, 220
    • Latter Day Saints Church, 101
    • Lauderdale, Clint, 230, 231, 238, 240, 243, 247
    • Law of the Seas, 17
    • Le Melle, Wilbert John, 244
    • Leach, Jim, 183
    • Leach Amendment (1978), 127, 128, 129, 127, 128, 129
    • Leahy, Patrick, 14
    • Leave Without Pay (LWOP) status, 178
    • Leder, Arnold, 190
    • Lee, Eloise, 248
    • Legal attachés, 133
    • Legal opinions, 88
    • Legislative Charters Working Group, 87, 91, 102
    • Leininger, Joseph E., 217
    • Leonard, John P., 161
    • Lesbians and gays, 217, 223, 228
    • Lescaze, Lee, 49
    • Less-Developed Countries (LDCs), 61, 148
    • Lesser, Lawrence, 227, 231, 239, 240
    • Lev, Christopher A., 190
    • Levamstrosser, William F., 190
    • Levi, Edward H., 30
    • Lewis, Barbara C., 190
    • Lewis, Jesse, 202
    • Li, Frances, 202
    • Lieber, Robert J., 190
    • Lieberman, Gerald, 217
    • Lieberthal, Kenneth G., 190
    • Liggett, Donald R., 190
    • Limited renewable appointments (LRAs), 172
    • Lincoln University, 249
    • Lindell, John O., 190
    • Lindenberg, Karen E., 190
    • Lindh, Patricia S., 244
    • Line authority (see also Intelligence policy and reform):
      • As decision-making power, 41
      • Essential elements of, 40
      • As key issue in restructuring intelligence community, 37, 48
      • Options for, 44, 51, 55
      • Over NRO, 46, 48, 52
      • Problem of lack of, 38, 57
    • Ling, Dwight L., 190
    • Linowitz, Sol, 25
    • Lipshutz, Robert:
      • CIA briefings for IOB, 99
      • Executive Order 12036, Drafts for, 70, 71, 73
      • Guidelines for reporting abuse of intelligence under E.O. 12036, 85, 86
      • Intelligence policy meeting, 33
      • Legislative charters for Intelligence Community, 87, 91
      • PRM/NSC–11 intelligence structure and mission study, SCC report from, 41
      • SCC meetings, 91
    • Lissakers, Karin, 148
    • Lloyd, Janet W., 169, 170, 204, 232
    • Lloyd, Wingate, 135, 136
    • Locational beepers, 79
    • Long, Richard, 89
    • Long, Russell B., 117
    • Louisidis, Constantine, 190
    • Lozano, Ignacio E., Jr., 244
    • Lyman, Corrine, 190
    • Lynn, Laurence E., Jr., 2
    • Mabray, Glenn, 213, 215, 219
    • McAfee, William, 81
    • McBer study, 175, 189
    • McBride, Joe, 170
    • McCabe, David, 228
    • McCall, H. Carl, 244
    • McClintock, David, 222
    • McCloskey, Thomas, 219, 221
    • McCoy, Terrence L., 190
    • McDonald, Alonzo L., 115
    • McDowell, Charles T., 190
    • McFarland, Keith D., 190
    • MacGaffey, Wyatt, 190
    • McGiffert, David E., 37, 43, 47, 49, 61
    • McGovern, George, 24, 135, 136
    • McGrath, JulieAnn, 199, 201, 211
    • McHenry, Donald F., 244
    • McIntyre, James T.:
      • Foreign assistance reorganization, 143
      • Foreign Service Act (1980), 172, 173, 181
      • IDCA’s creation, 144, 145
      • Reductions in U.S. employment abroad, 131, 133
      • SCC meetings, 47
      • Trade reorganization, 115, 117, 120, 121
      • USIA–CU reorganization, 139
    • McKibbin, Carroll R., 190
    • Macklin, Thomas, 161
    • McLendon, Ruth A., 244
    • McMahon, John, 95, 109
    • McManaway, Clayton, 188
    • McNamara, Robert, 2
    • McNeil, Frank, 170
    • Maguire, Andrew, 14
    • Mail opening, 84
    • Main, Ronald, 215
    • Malaysia, 68
    • Malone, Gifford, 127, 128, 177
    • Management cone, 161, 162
    • Mandatory retirement, 181
    • Mansfield, Mike, 3
    • Mariel boatlift, 24
    • Markey, Edward J., 14
    • Marks, Lee, 77, 81, 214, 219
    • Marro, Anthony, 63
    • Marshall, Andrew W., 49
    • Martindell, Anne Clark, 244
    • Mason, Dwight, 81, 83, 174
    • Mathew, 242
    • Mathews, Jessica Tuchman, 10
    • Mathias, Charles McC., Jr., 14, 100, 101, 102, 170
    • Matthews, Frank, 219
    • Mayaguez incident, 20
    • Maynes, Charles William, 141
    • Maytag, Marquita M., 244
    • Media, 100, 102, 219
    • Medical standards, 221, 242
    • Melencamp, Nobel, 190
    • Mercurio, Michael J., 161
    • Merit pay, 154, 160, 169, 170
    • Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB), 152, 157, 158, 160
    • Meritorious and Distinguished Executives, 160
    • Meritorious Service Award, 195
    • Merrifield, Charles W., 190
    • Merritt, Richard L., 190
    • Messner, Howard, 154
    • Mexican American National Women’s Organization (MANA), 249
    • Mexico, 20
    • Meyers, Charles J., 217
    • Meyers, Michael, 223
    • Meyner, Helen, 138
    • MI–6, 62
    • Michel, James, 165, 168, 170, 245
    • Mid-East War (Oct. 1973), 42
    • Middle East:
      • Brzezinski’s meeting with Congressional leaders on, 14
      • Foreign service recruitment difficulties and, 134
      • As intelligence topic, 61
      • Joint U.S.-Soviet statement on, 12
      • Need for decisive action in, 13
      • Posting of minorities in, 220
      • U.S. assistance for stability in, 141
    • Middle grade officers, 162, 180
    • Middle-level Hiring Program for Women and Minorities (see also Employment equity and awareness; Hiring; Minorities; Women):
      • Conversion to FSO status, 238
      • Effective screening and follow-up of applications to, 247
      • Failure to meet goals in, 194
      • Habib Committee’s examination of, 231, 246
      • Problems and plans for affirmative action in, 215
      • Problems in finding candidates for, 245
      • Status reports on, 202, 206, 213, 245
    • Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG), 63, 94
    • Military intelligence, 63
    • Military Service Agencies, 41
    • Miller, Dudley, 215, 219, 221
    • Miller, Thomas J., 161
    • Miller, William, 39, 101
    • Minimum wage, 117
    • Minorities (see also Employment equity and awareness; Equal employment opportunity; Junior Officer hiring program for affirmative action; Middle-level Hiring Program for Women and Minorities):
      • Among Civil Service employees, 235
      • In the Federal Service, 210
      • FSO trends in representation of, 243
      • FSO written examination’s impact on, 189, 225, 238
      • High-level positions for, 244
      • Lack in foreign missions of, 205, 209
      • Posting overseas of, 209, 219, 220
      • Regular testing process vs. affirmative action, 214
      • Shortage in all pay plans of, 209
      • Special Recruitment Effort, 190
      • Status of State Department employees identified as, 207, 226, 233
      • Status of State Department employees of women who are, 208
      • Summer internship program, 193, 249
      • Task Force reports on effect of affirmative action on, 194, 230
      • Ten-year record on hiring as FSOs of, 192
      • Testing formats and performance of, 163, 231
    • Missiles, 15
    • Mode, Charles J., 190
    • Molineaux, Paul, 145
    • Mondale, Walter F.:
      • Carter-Brown meetings, 43
      • CIA briefings for IOB, 99
      • CIA operations not reported to IOB, 103, 104
      • CIA’s internal reorganization plan, 63
      • Executive Order 12036, Drafts for, 70, 73
      • Intelligence policy meeting, 33
      • Legislative charters for Intelligence Community, 91, 92, 100
      • PD/NSC–2, 7
      • PD/NSC–17, 56
      • PD/NSC–19, 60
      • PD/NSC–31, 79
      • Presidential standards for review of sensitive operations, 96
      • PRM/NSC–11 intelligence structure and mission study:
        • Attorney General’s Subcommittee report under, 36, 60
        • Draft of, 27
        • Issues and options, 52, 54
        • SCC report from, 41
        • Text of, 29
      • SCC meetings, 36, 47
      • SSCI draft of National Intelligence Act (1980), 38
      • Structural options for intelligence community, 46
      • Warrantless electronic surveillance, 60
    • Monetary stability, 17
    • Monitoring Overseas Direct Employment (MODE), 132
    • Moon, Richard, 215
    • Moore, Frank, 14, 142
    • Moose, George E.:
      • Employment ceilings for the Executive branch, 122, 123, 124
      • Employment equity and awareness:
        • Affirmative action efforts in State Department, 188
        • American Indians as neglected group, 193
        • EEO films, 191
        • FSO promotions compared by gender, 185
        • FSO written examinations’ impact on women and minorities, 189
        • Lack of minorities in foreign missions, 209
        • Scholar-Diplomat Program, 241
        • Special Recruitment Effort, 190
        • Vance’s message on Equal Employment Opportunity Program, 186, 188
      • Executive Level Task Force on Affirmative Action, Report of, 194, 198
      • Foreign service discontent and reform, 161, 192
      • Foreign service substantive reporting, 45
      • Overseas intelligence reporting, 89
      • USIA–CU reorganization, 135, 136
    • Morgan, Patrick M., 190
    • Mormon Church, 101
    • Morton, Jim, 170
    • Mouser, Bruce Lee, 190
    • Mouser, Grant, 190
    • Mowle, Susan M., 202
    • Mozambique, 25
    • Mulcahy, Ed, 219
    • Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs), 147, 148, 149, 151
    • Multilateral foreign assistance, 149, 150
    • Multilateral Trade Negotiations (MTN), 17, 20, 115, 117
    • Murphy, Daniel J.:
      • DCI’s requirement for job performance, 40
      • Defining and ranking of intelligence requirements, 67
      • Dissemination of domestic intelligence on United States persons, IOB concern with, 30
      • Performance as IOB chairman of, 31, 32
      • PRC meetings, 67
      • PRM–11 redraft, 28
      • SSCI draft of Intelligence Reorganization Act (1977), 39
    • Murphy, Robert D., 3
    • Murphy Commission, 135, 164
    • Muskie, Edmund S.:
      • Brzezinski’s relations with, 26
      • Brzezinski’s views on, 26
      • Career development, 180
      • Carter’s Camp David meeting with State Department officials, 24, 25
      • Employment equity and awareness, Recruitment plans for FY–1981, 247
      • Executive-level Task Force on Affirmative Action’s meeting with, 245
      • Foreign policy meetings with Brzezinski, 14
      • Foreign Service Act (1980), 183
      • Gromyko’s meeting with (Vienna, May 1980), 24
      • Kissinger endorsement of, 25
      • As PRC chair, 24
      • At SCC meetings, 26
      • Unity and new foreign policy team of, 24
      • Vienna Summit (May 1980), 24
    • Mustang Program, 193, 194, 206, 249
    • Mutual and Balanced Force Reduction (MBFR), 18, 41
    • Myers, David S., 190
    • Namibia, 15, 17
    • Narcotics, 3, 41, 72, 131, 205
    • National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial Policies, 141
    • National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA), 3
    • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 218
    • National Association of Manufacturers (NAM), 117
    • National Conference on International Women’s Year (Houston, Nov. 1977), 194
    • National Congress of American Indians, 193
    • National Council of La Raza, 249
    • National Foreign Assessment Center (NFAC), 83
    • National Foreign Intelligence Board (NFIB):
      • As examined in PRM/NSC–11 study, 27, 28, 29
      • Intelligence production by, 41
      • Legislative charters for Intelligence Community, 84
      • Management of finances of, 42, 70
      • Role as designated in E.O. 12036, 74
    • National Foreign Intelligence Program (NFIP):
      • Agreement on, 51
      • Allocation of resources for, 37, 41, 42, 70
      • Budgeting authority under PD/NSC–17, 59
      • DCI’s need for line command over, 38, 42, 44
      • As defined by National Security Act (1947), 27
      • PRM/NSC–11’s examination of, 27, 29
      • Scope of activities under, 42
    • National Institute of Education, 219
    • National intelligence, 42
    • National Intelligence Act (1980), 102
    • National Intelligence Daily, 68
    • National Intelligence Estimates (NIEs), 39, 41, 50
    • National Intelligence Officers, 42
    • National Intelligence Tasking Center (NITC), 59, 74, 83
    • National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), 38, 40, 46, 48, 52, 55
    • National Reconnaissance Program (NRP), 38, 40
    • National Science Foundation (NSF), 3, 52
    • National Security Act (1947):
      • Chiefs-of-Stations’ responsibilities under, 65
      • DCI’s authority under, 38, 40, 42
      • Division of responsibilities for intelligence under, 37
      • DOD views on, 35
      • NFIP as defined by, 27
      • NSC as created under, 2, 7, 41
      • NSC’s responsibilities under, 51
      • Proposed amendment on unauthorized disclosures to, 34
    • National Security Action Memoranda (NSAMs), 3, 4, 5
    • National Security Agency (NSA):
      • As collector and processor of information, 41
      • DCI’s staff authority over, 40, 48, 55
      • DOD control over, 38, 40, 42
      • FOIA problems for, 102
      • Legislative charter for (proposed), 84, 91
      • MODE system, 132
      • Question of budgetary authority over, 38
      • Reductions in U.S. employment abroad, 132, 133
      • Unified central management of, 44
      • Use of warrants by, 36
    • National security as trade disadvantage, 117
    • National Security Council (NSC) (see also Special Coordination Committee):
      • ACDA role in, 3
      • Ad hoc groups, 3, 6, 7
      • Budget reviews by, 3
      • CIA briefings for IOB, 99
      • CIA liaison with, 11
      • CIA operations not reported to IOB, 108
      • Committee structure, 3, 4
      • Communication with Carter, 25
      • Congressional monitoring functions of, 10
      • As consumer of intelligence, 41, 42
      • As created under National Security Act (1947), 2, 7, 41
      • Creation and history of, 2, 7, 41
      • Directives (1940s and 1950s), 37
      • During Johnson administration, 2, 4, 5
      • Economics as issue in, 3
      • Family planning, 3
      • Future of, 2
      • IDCA director’s role in, 145
      • Information and cultural programs, 135
      • Intelligence Directives (NSCIDs), 41
      • Intelligence policy and reform, 51
      • Interagency exchange of officers, 164
      • Interdepartmental groups, 6, 7
      • International economic policy role of, 112, 114
      • IOB role under E.O. 12036, 88
      • Kissinger as chair of committee on, 3, 4, 5
      • Legislative charters for Intelligence Community, 92, 93
      • Meetings, 51
      • Organization and functions chart for, 6
      • Personnel for, 3
      • Policy Review Committee for Intelligence, 41
      • Political intelligence improvements, 94
      • Presidential standards for review of sensitive operations, 96
      • Procedures of, 3, 4, 5
      • Recommendations for staff of, 3, 4, 5
      • Recommendations to Carter on organization of, 4
      • Responsibilities under National Security Act (1947), 51
      • Role as defined in PD/NSC–17 of, 59
      • Role under E.O. 11905, 41
      • Role under Ford of, 3, 4, 5
      • Semiannual Review, 42
      • State Department divisions with, 25, 26
      • Transitional report on organization of, 3
      • USIA–CU reorganization, 139
      • Weekly National Security Reports:
      • White House Staffs’ relationship with, 1
    • National Security Council Intelligence Directives (NSCIDs), 41
    • National Security Council Staff, 42, 68, 83
    • National Security Decision Memoranda, 3, 5
    • National security policy, 2
    • National Security Study Memoranda, 3, 4
    • National Tribal Chairmen’s Association, 193
    • Native Americans, 193, 207, 210, 220, 245, 248
    • Nava, Julian, 244, 245
    • Navajo Reservation, 193
    • Navy Intelligence, 41
    • Needham, Helen Cohn, 195, 197, 199, 200, 203
    • Nelson, Daniel J., 190
    • Nelson, Roy, 227
    • Net Assessment Office, 49
    • New Directions (1973), 141
    • New York Times, 21, 155
    • Newell, Barbara W., 244
    • Newsletter (Department of State), 179
    • Newsom, David D.:
      • Brzezinski’s assessment of, 24
      • Carter’s Camp David meeting with State Department officials, 24, 25
      • Foreign service discontent and reform, 165, 167, 172, 176
      • Political intelligence improvements, 94
      • Review of SCC-approved intelligence activities, 109
    • Nicaragua, 17, 151
    • Nigeria, 17, 25, 151
    • Nimetz, Matthew, 180, 182
    • Nixon, Richard M., 1, 2, 4, 5, 15, 35
    • Njala University College (Sierra Leone), 151
    • Nolan, James E., 91
    • Non-intelligence assets, 50
    • Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference (Venice, 1980), 17, 25
    • Nooter, Robert H., 170
    • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 14, 17, 41, 50, 61
    • North-South issues, 14, 17
    • North-South negotiations, 3, 4, 5
    • North-South Relations Office, 4, 5
    • Nuclear non-proliferation, 9, 17, 61
    • Nuestro (magazine), 249
    • Numerical Goals and Timetables Study (NGT), 249
    • Nunn, Sam, 14
    • Nye, Joseph, 141
    • Obasanjo, Olusegun, 15
    • Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO), 40, 44
    • Office of Equal Employment Opportunity (OEEO), 194, 195, 209, 212
    • Office of International Information and Cultural Affairs, 135
    • Office of Management and Budget (OMB):
      • Career development, 180
      • Civil Service reform, 154, 160
      • Clearance of bill for Foreign Service Act (1980), 173
      • Economic Policy Group funding, 112
      • Efficiency in Intelligence Community management as goal of, 38
      • Employment reduction recommendations, 123, 124, 128, 129, 130
      • E.O. 12036’s designated role for, 74
      • Foreign assistance budgeting, 148
      • Foreign Service Act (1980), 165, 169, 172, 174
      • Foreign service reform, 164
      • Hiring limitation report with State Department, 131, 132, 133
      • IDCA budgeting, 142
      • IDCA’s creation, 144, 146
      • International Affairs Division, 123
      • NFIP budget, 41, 42
      • Peace Corps’ organizational arrangements as reviewed by, 144
      • Personnel management reorganization, 152
      • Political officers in embassies, 94
      • Poverty program budget, 44
      • PRM/NSC–11 intelligence structure and mission issues and options, 51, 55
      • Recommendations for hiring limitations, 123, 124, 126, 128, 129, 130
      • Reductions in U.S. employment abroad, 132
      • Schlesinger Study, 37
      • Trade reorganization, 117, 118, 119, 120
    • Office of Net Assessment, 49
    • Office of Personnel Management (OPM):
    • Office of Planning, 4, 5
    • Office of Science and Technology (OST), 3, 4, 5
    • Office of Special Projects, 118
    • Office of the Director of Central Intelligence, 27, 29
    • Office of the Inspector General (OIG), 95
    • Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), 41, 52, 74
    • Office of the Special Trade Representative (STR), 17, 113, 121
    • Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (new name for STR), 117, 118, 121
    • Ogaden, 17
    • O’Hare, William P., 190
    • Oil embargo (1973), 41
    • Oil sufficiency, 61
    • O’Keefe, Ellen M., 202
    • Oksenberg, Michael, 68
    • Olmsted, Mary S., 244
    • Olsen, William C., 190
    • Olympic Games boycott, 25
    • O’Neill, Thomas P. “Tip”, Jr., 19, 204
    • Open assignments system, 162
    • Open Forum, 206
    • Operational tasking, 37, 40
    • Operations Advisory Group (OAG), 3, 27, 28, 29, 109
    • Oral examinations for FSOs, 163, 214, 246
    • Organization of American States Technical Assistance Funds, 144
    • Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 3, 4, 5
    • Organizational reform, 1
    • Orr, Peter, 193
    • Orr, Robert G., 190
    • Ortiz, Frank V., Jr., 244
    • Ostrander, Nancy, 244
    • Overseas information programs, 135
    • Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC), 141, 142, 144, 148
    • Owen, Henry D., 25, 114, 141, 142, 144
    • Owen, William B., 213
    • Pahlavi, Shah Reza, 15
    • Pakistan, 17, 25
    • Palestine, 18
    • Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 17
    • Palmer, Alison, 195, 197, 199, 200, 240
    • Palmer, Edward, 205
    • Palmer, Ronald D.:
      • As ambassador, 244
      • Cone system modification, 175
      • Employment equity and awareness:
        • Affirmative action progress reports, 230
        • Blitz for Foreign Service recruitment, 247
        • FS written examination cut scores, 231
        • FSO minority representation trends, 243
        • Problems and plans in affirmative action, 215
        • Working couples, 232
    • Palmer v. Vance, 216, 224, 240
    • Panama, 61, 151
    • Panama Canal Treaty (1978), 14, 20, 22
    • Papago Reservation, 193
    • Papazian, Dennis R., 190
    • Parenti, William J., 190
    • Parsons, Wesley H., 161
    • Passage, David D., 190
    • Pastor, Robert A., 24
    • Pay comparability, 134
    • Pay plans, 206, 207, 209, 210, 236
    • Pay schedules, 164, 169, 174, 181, 210
    • PDB system, 68
    • Peace Corps, 63, 133, 141, 144, 194, 219
    • Peace Corps Act, 181
    • Pearl Harbor, 37
    • Pearson Program, 128, 162, 246, 247
    • Peeler, John A., 190
    • Peeples, Dale H., 190
    • Pell, Claiborne deB.:
    • Pensions, 170
    • Peplow, Michael W., 190
    • Percy, Charles H., 135, 136, 170, 183
    • Performance evaluations, 194, 195, 197
    • Performance pay:
      • Board of the Foreign Service support for, 176
      • In the Civil Service Reform Act (1978), 160
      • In the Foreign Service Act (1980), 169, 170, 172, 173
      • Timing for implementation of, 154
    • Performance standards, 42, 154
    • Perkins, Edward J., 190
    • Perry, Cynthia N. S., 190
    • Perry, William J., 67
    • Persian Gulf, 151
    • Personnel Audit Reports (PARs), 178
    • Personnel Management Project, 196
    • Personnel problems, 41
    • Pezzullo, Lawrence A., 170
    • Philippines, 17, 61
    • Picketing, 172
    • Pike, Otis, 32
    • Pinckney, Samuel M., Jr., 185, 186, 191, 192, 244
    • Pine Ridge Reservation, 193
    • Piper, Larry G., 244
    • PIT positions, 170
    • Poats, Rutherford, 132
    • Poland, 17
    • Policy Analysis Office, 4, 5
    • Policy goals, 1
    • Policy Issues Committee, 4
    • Policy Planning Staff, 25
    • Policy Review Committee (PRC):
      • In chart showing place in NSC structure, 6
      • Consumers Union, 83
      • Development of intelligence priorities by, 61
      • Establishment of, 7, 25
      • Foreign assistance reorganization, 141, 151
      • For Intelligence (PRC/I), 41, 42, 50, 52, 75
      • Intelligence Community role for, 31, 38
      • Intelligence resource allocation, 37
      • International economic policy role of, 112
      • Meetings, 67, 69
      • Muskie’s chairing of, 24
      • Political intelligence improvements, 77
      • Recommendations for, 5
      • Validation of intelligence tasking requirements by, 74
    • Political intelligence:
      • Improvements in, 69, 77, 83, 94
      • Insufficiency of, 63
      • As issue in Intelligence Community reorganization, 48
      • PRC discussion of, 67, 75
      • Problems with, 75
    • Political Intelligence Working Group, 133
    • Political officers, 94
    • Political parties:
      • Communist (CPUSA), 41
      • Communist (Italy), 61
      • Khmer Rouge (Kampuchea), 19
      • Republican (U.S.), 12
    • Political Priorities Group (PPG), 89
    • Political summit, 26
    • Pollock, John C., 190
    • Population growth, 17
    • Portelance, Dianne Marie, 190
    • Position descriptions, 194
    • Position Working Group, 126
    • Postal Rate Commission, 160
    • Poverty programs, 40, 44
    • Powell, Grace L., 190
    • Powell, Jody, 18, 55
    • Power, Sarah, 244
    • Power and Principle (Brzezinski), 5, 8
    • Prejudice, 191
    • Prejudice: Perceiving and Believing (film), 191
    • President’s Advisory Committee on Government Organization (PAGCO), 135
    • President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB), 3, 28, 31, 32, 41
    • President’s Reorganization Project, 139, 196
    • Presidential Directives (PD):
      • PD/NSC–2, 4, 5, 7, 41
      • PD/NSC–3, 4
      • PD/NSC–9, 60
      • PD/NSC–17:
        • Arrangements for implementation of, 56
        • DCI/Secretary of Defense’s relationship, 74
        • Defining and ranking intelligence requirements under, 67
        • Draft of, 54, 55, 56, 57
        • Text of, 59
      • PD/NSC–19, 60
      • PD/NSC–31, 79
      • Recommendations for, 4, 5
    • Presidential power, 13
    • Presidential Review Memoranda (PRM):
      • PRM/NSC–11:
        • DCI’s role under, 46, 48
        • DOD preferred options in, 43, 47, 48, 49, 50
        • Drafts of, 27, 28, 37
        • NFIP as examined by, 27, 29
        • Organization of, 27, 28
        • SCC consideration of report on, 41
        • Task 1—Attorney-General’s subcommittee under, 29, 34, 36, 41, 60
        • Task 2:
          • CIA’s analysis of options under, 40
          • DCI as intelligence czar, 38, 43
          • Establishment of subcommittee for, 29
          • Report on, 42
          • Subcommittee meetings, 35
        • Task 3—Ad Hoc Interagency Group on Intelligence Structure and Mission:
          • CIA’s analysis of options under, 44
          • Draft study by, 37
          • Drafting of legislation, 47, 48
          • Organization of, 27
          • PRM’s call for study, 29
          • Report of, 41
          • Role of, 28
        • Text of, 29
      • Recommendations for, 4, 5
    • Press, Frank, 142
    • Press leaks, 16, 18
    • Price supports, 141
    • Prince, Georgiana M., 190, 191, 212, 215
    • Principals Committee, 3
    • Privacy Act (1974), 27, 29
    • Producer-user relationships, 41
    • Productivity, 117
    • Productivity and the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: The Pygmalion Effect (film), 191
    • Professional stature, 195
    • Program Decision Memoranda, 37
    • Promotion Boards, 216
    • Promotions:
      • Affirmative Action Task Force report, 194
      • Class action suits on discrimination against women in, 216, 224, 227, 239
      • Of FSOs as compared to mens,’ 185, 229
      • Problems and plans for, 215
      • By selection boards, 238
      • Of women FSOs, 229
      • Written examination results and, 225
    • Property rights, 169
    • Propriety of intelligence operations, 42, 72
    • Protected disclosures, 160
    • Protectionism, 17, 118
    • Provizer, Norman W., 190
    • Proxy scores, 214
    • Public Advisory Commission (of USIA), 135
    • Public affairs, 249
    • Public Committee on Personnel, 206
    • Public diplomacy, 136, 138
    • Public Laws. See Congress, Acts of.
    • Pueblo Indians, 183
    • Purcell, Susan K., 190
    • Pygmalion Effect, 191
    • Qadhafi, Mouhamar, 13
    • Quandt, William, 14, 18
    • Quinn, Kenneth M., 161
    • Quotas, 161, 216
    • R&R trips, 181
    • Radiation, 12
    • Rangel, Charles B., 205, 209, 220
    • Rawls, Nancy V., 155, 158, 175, 215, 221, 224
    • Ray, James Lee, 190
    • Ray, John B., 190
    • Read, Benjamin H.:
      • Brzezinski’s assessment of, 24
      • Carter’s Camp David meeting with State Department officials, 24, 25
      • CIA Chiefs of Station-Ambassador relationship agreement, 65, 81
      • Civil Service reform, 154
      • Employment equity and awareness:
        • Affirmative action progress reports, 194, 213, 218, 245
        • Bakke case’s effect on affirmative action programs, 214
        • Blitz for Foreign Service recruitment, 247
        • Class-action suits:
        • Discrimination by sexual orientation, 223
        • Employment of Foreign Service spouses, 204
        • Executive Level Task Force on Affirmative Action, 194, 213, 218
        • FS written examination cut scores, 231
        • FSO minority representation trends, 243
        • FSO written examinations’ impact on women and minorities, 225
        • Handicapped people, 221, 242
        • High-level positions for women and minorities, 244
        • Lack of minorities in foreign missions, 209
        • Middle-level Hiring Program for Women and Minorities, 202, 206
        • Minority postings overseas, 209, 220
        • Problems and plans in affirmative action, 215
        • Promotion of women FSOs, 229
        • Recruitment plans for FY–1981, 247
        • Recruitment strategy and efforts in programs for affirmative action, 218, 219
        • Scholar-Diplomat Program, 241
        • Second-generation EEO Program initiatives, 249
        • Status of minority State Department employees, 207, 226
        • Status of minority women among State Department employees, 208
        • Status of women State Department employees, 206
        • Working couples, 212, 232
      • Employment reduction at the Department of State:
        • Hiring Limitation Working Group report, 130
        • Leach Amendment’s effect on, 127, 128, 129
        • OMB recommendations for hiring limitations, 126, 128, 129
        • Pay comparability in the foreign service, 134
        • Reductions in U.S. employment abroad, 132
      • Foreign assistance reorganization, 141
      • Foreign service discontent and reform:
        • Areas of consensus and contention on, 169
        • Board of Foreign Service views on, 167
        • Career development, 180, 184
        • Cone system, 175
        • Families of FSOs and staff posted overseas, 179
        • Foreign Service Act (1980), 165, 168, 170, 172, 174
        • FSO oral exam modification proposal, 163
        • Language training, 182, 184
        • Personnel system changes (proposal), 164
        • Reluctance to take assignments, 162
        • Senior Threshold criteria, 177
        • Tandem couples, 178
        • Vance’s meeting with FSOs over, 161
      • IDCA reorganization, 145
      • Legislative charters for Intelligence Community, 84
      • MODE system, 132
      • Overseas intelligence reporting, 82, 89
      • Personnel management reorganization, 152
      • Political intelligence improvements, 77, 94
      • SCC meetings, 84
      • Trade reorganization, 119
      • USIA–CU reorganization, 139
    • Reagan, Ronald W., 25, 184
    • Recruitment:
    • Reddy, Leo J., 45
    • Reductions in force (RIF), 152, 170
    • REE recruiting, 219, 227, 247, 249
    • REE reorganization, 163
    • Refugees, 17, 25, 68, 141
    • Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1977), 194, 214
    • Register integration, 214
    • Rehabilitation Act (1973), 194, 221
    • Reid, Jack J., 190
    • Reinhardt, John E., 135, 137, 170, 198, 222, 244
    • Reith, David J., 190
    • Relative power of the United States, 41
    • Reluctance to take assignments, 162
    • Remaking Foreign Policy (Allison and Szanton), 2
    • Renewable energy resources, 151
    • Renner, John, 114
    • Renshon, Stanley A., 190
    • Reorganization Plan No. 2 (1979), 146, 147, 153
    • Reorganization Plan No. 3 (1979), 119, 120
    • Reorganization Plan No. 8 (1953), 135
    • Resor, Stanley, 91
    • Resource management, 41
    • Resources as intelligence topic, 61
    • Reston, Sally, 19
    • Retention and Career Progression Study Group, 226
    • Retirement benefits, 102, 141, 166, 168, 181
    • Review Group, 131
    • Reynolds, Lee, 178
    • Rhee, Tong-Chin, 190
    • Rhodesia, 14, 15, 17, 61
    • Ribicoff, Abraham A., 117, 156, 160
    • Rice production, 151
    • Ridgway, Rozanne L., 180, 182, 244
    • Roane, Glenwood, 191
    • Roberts, Hibbert R., 190
    • Robinson, Raymond, 202
    • Robinson, Stanley H., 202
    • Rockefeller Commission, 41, 135
    • Rogers, Dave, 248
    • Rogers, William P., 18
    • Rogers Act (1924), 166
    • Romania, 17, 113
    • Romberg, Alan D., 161
    • Roosevelt, Franklin D., 15, 19
    • Rosenberg, Robert A.:
      • Defining and ranking of intelligence requirements, 67
      • Hiring limitations, 132
      • Legislative charters for Intelligence Community, 84, 87
      • Political intelligence improvement, 83
      • PRC meetings, 67
      • PRM/NSC–11 intelligence structure and mission study, Attorney General’s Subcommittee report under, 36
      • SCC meetings, 36, 47, 84
    • Rosenblatt, Lionel A., 161
    • Rossell, Idris, 215
    • Rossi, Ernest E., 190
    • Rostow, Walter W., 25
    • Roth, William V., Jr., 117
    • Rouse, John, 229
    • Rouse report, 194
    • Roy, J. Stapleton, 161
    • ROYAL level of classification, 109
    • Ruchti, James, 45, 89
    • Rumsfeld, Donald, 3
    • Rural Training Institute, Kenema, 151
    • Rusk, Dean, 18, 25
    • Russell, Lawrence, 215, 221
    • Rutgers University, 219
    • Ryan, Leo J., Jr., 138
    • Ryan, Mary A., 195
    • Sacksteder, Fred, 248
    • Sadat, Anwar, 25
    • St. Mars, Verne F., 228
    • Salaries, 169
    • Salazar, Richard T., 190
    • Sams, Duane E., 202
    • San Carlos Reservation, 193
    • Sanchez, Phillip V., 244
    • Sanford, Dan C., 190
    • Sarkesian, Sam, 190
    • Satellite photography, 40
    • Saudi Arabia, 17, 61
    • Saunders, Harold H.:
      • Career development, 180, 182
      • Carter’s Camp David meeting with State Department officials, 25
      • CIA Chiefs of Station-Ambassador relationship, 65, 77, 78
      • Defining and ranking of intelligence requirements, 67
      • Employment equity and awareness, Scholar-Diplomat Program, 241
      • Overseas intelligence reporting, 82, 89
      • PRC meetings, 67
      • Prioritizing intelligence needs, 61
      • PRM/NSC–11 intelligence structure and mission study, 36
      • SCC meetings, 36, 47
      • State Department-CIA relations, 77
      • Vance’s view of DCI’s role, 46
    • Sayre, Robert, 209
    • Scaritt, Ralph, 191
    • Schafer, Virginia M., 244
    • Schaffer, Matt, 1
    • Schechter, Jerrold, 10, 14, 137
    • Schiele, David L., 161
    • Schimel, Ruth, 175
    • Schlesinger, James A., 16, 28, 38, 49, 83, 92
    • Schlesinger Study (OMB), 37
    • Schmidt, Helmut, 13, 15, 25
    • Schmidt, Judith Ann, 190
    • Scholar-Diplomat Program, 190, 241
    • School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), 219
    • Schoonover, Brenda B., 202
    • Schowltz, Lars G., 190
    • Schrage, Barbara, 161
    • Schram, Glenn N., 190
    • Schroeder, Patricia, 183
    • Schultze, Charles L., 7, 112
    • Schwartz, John J., 217
    • Schwartz, Morton, 190
    • Schwarz, Fritz, 47
    • Science and technology, 131
    • Scope papers, 109
    • Scowcroft, Brent, 3
    • Scranton, William W., 85, 86, 103
    • Searches, physical, 84, 102
    • Secrecy, 41
    • Secretaries, 162
    • Security clearances, 194
    • Security Supporting Assistance program, 141
    • Segall, William E., 190
    • Selcher, Wayne A., 190
    • Select Commission on Immigration and Refugee Policy, 17
    • Selection and hiring practices, 188, 194
    • Selection Boards, 215, 238
    • Selection out process, 165, 169, 170, 172, 195
    • Selya, Roger, 190
    • Senate, U.S.:
      • Agriculture Committee, 141
      • Church Committee, 32, 41, 50
      • Civil Service Reform Act, 156, 157, 159
      • Finance Committee, 115
      • Foreign Relations Committee, 14, 135, 136
      • Humphrey Bill (1978), 141, 142
      • Interior and Insular Affairs Committee, 193
      • Resolution 400, 64, 70
      • S. 891, 117
      • S. 1990, 117
      • S. 2525, 84, 87, 91, 92, 102
      • S. 2597, 110
      • S. 2640, 160
      • Select Committee on Intelligence (SSCI):
        • Abuse of intelligence, 58, 64
        • Counterintelligence, 41
        • Covert action information as received under P.L. 96–450, 110
        • Executive Order 12036, 64, 70
        • 40 Committee, 96
        • Improving quality of intelligence, 38, 83
        • IOB reporting requirements, 66
        • Legislative charters for Intelligence Community, 84, 92, 100, 101, 102
        • National Intelligence Act (1980) draft, 35, 38, 39
        • Oversight role of, 31
        • Structural options for intelligence community, 46
      • Watergate investigations, 64
    • Senior charter legislation task force, 92, 93
    • Senior Executive Service:
    • Senior Foreign Service (SFS)(proposal), 164, 169, 170, 173, 174, 181
    • Senior Review Group (SRG), 3
    • Senior Threshold, 177
    • Senior Working Group, 84
    • Sereseres, Caesar D., 190
    • Severely handicapped people, 221, 242
    • Sexual harassment, 200, 249
    • Shadrin, Nicholas George, 99
    • Shamwell, Horace, 204
    • Sharp, Martin W., 190
    • Sheehan, Geraldine, 227
    • Shelton, Sally Angela, 244
    • Shinn, James W., 161
    • Shippy, Amelia Ellen, 195, 197
    • Shneidman, Jerome L., 190
    • Shulman, Marshall D., 25
    • Siemer, Deanne C., 36, 47, 84, 87, 91
    • Sierra Leone, 151
    • SIGINT (signals intelligence), 37, 41, 42, 44, 72
    • SIGINT Committee, 40, 41, 42, 50, 133
    • Signing statements, 160
    • Silins, Ints M., 161
    • Silva, Walter, 232
    • Silva-Ruiz, Pedro F., 190
    • Silver, Carolleen, 202
    • Silver, Daniel B., 91, 99
    • Simcox, David, 227
    • Simko, Robert A., 190
    • Simon, William E., 3
    • Sinai, 17
    • Sinai Support Mission, 141
    • Singlaub, Gen. John, 18
    • Sino-Vietnamese conflict, 17
    • Skills bank, 204
    • Small Business Administration (SBA), 193
    • Smith, Gerard C., 25
    • Smith, Hedrick, 49
    • Smith, Jeffery, 81
    • Smith, Joan V., 190
    • Smith, John Lewis, 224, 239
    • Smith, Joyce, 215
    • Smith, S.B.J., 81
    • Smith, Gen. William Y., 47, 61, 67, 84, 87, 91
    • Smith-Mundt Act (1948), 135
    • Smyth, Douglas C., 190
    • Smythe, Mabel M., 244
    • Soff, Harvey G., 190
    • Solinger, Dorothy J., 190
    • Solomon, Merion E., 219
    • Somalia, 151
    • Soso, G. Jean, 202
    • South Africa, Republic of, 12, 61
    • South Asia, 61
    • South Yemen, 20
    • Southeast Asia, 38, 131
    • Southern Africa, 61, 141, 144
    • Soviet Union:
      • Actions toward other Eastern bloc countries, possible, 17
      • CIA distribution of publications in, 95, 97
      • Clandestine collection of intelligence from, 75, 83
      • Counterintelligence against, 41
      • Dresser contract, 16
      • Espionage activities of, 41
      • German Federal Republic, relations with, 18
      • Intelligence activities of, 94
      • Intelligence topics on, 61
      • Joint Middle East statement with United States, 12
      • Military capabilities of, 53
      • Stationing of brigade in Cuba, 24
      • United States, relations with, 13, 17, 25, 118
      • U.S. communications systems as threatened by, 31
      • U.S.-Sino-Soviet balance, 18
    • Spain, 141
    • Sparkman, John J., 135, 142
    • Special Activities Working Group (SAWG), 109
    • Special Coordination Committee (SCC) (see also National Security Council):
      • In chart showing place in NSC structure, 6
      • CIA access to minutes of, 109
      • CIA briefings for IOB, 99
      • CIA operations not reported to, 103, 109
      • Clandestine distribution of publications in Soviet bloc countries, 95, 97
      • Clandestine operations, 72, 96
      • Counterintelligence (SCC/CI), 41
      • Establishment of, 7, 25
      • Executive Order 12036 responsibilities of, 72
      • For Intelligence (SCC/I), 41
      • International economic policy role of, 112
      • Legislative charters for Intelligence Community, 84, 87, 91, 92
      • Meetings:
        • Apr. 14, 1977, 36
        • Jan. 26, 1977, 109
        • June 15, 1977, 46, 47, 48
        • June 27, 1978, 87
        • June 28, 1977, 48
        • May 15, 1978, 84
        • Nov. 27, 1978, 91
      • Muskie at meetings of, 26
      • OAG guidelines as adopted by, 109
      • Political intelligence improvements, 77
      • PRM/NSC–11:
        • Organization of, 27
        • PRM’s call for study by, 29
        • Role of, 28
        • Task 1—Attorney General’s PRM/NSC–11 Subcommittee report as considered by, 36
        • Task 3—Ad Hoc Interagency Group on Intelligence Structure and Mission, 37, 41, 47, 48
      • Proposals for creation of, 3, 4, 5
      • Review of sensitive operations by, 72, 96, 109
      • Warrantless electronic surveillance, 60
    • Special National Intelligence Estimates (SNIEs), 39
    • Special Presidential Intelligence Committee, 77
    • Special Programs Branch, 219
    • Special Recruitment Effort, 190
    • Special Trade Representative (STR), 113, 115, 117, 120
    • Spero, Joan Edelman, 244
    • Spiegel, John, 145
    • Spiers, Ronald I., 180, 182
    • Spousal abuse, 170
    • Springsteen, George S., 166
    • Stalcup, Robert, 190
    • Stanford Law School, 217, 223
    • Stanley, Laurence, 190
    • Stanton, Frank N., 136
    • Stanton Panel, 135
    • State Evening Notes, 68
    • Statistical analysis, 249
    • Stebbins, Charles, 132
    • Stefan, Adrienne, 161
    • Steigman, Andrew, 243
    • Steiner, Barry, 190
    • Sterling balance, 112
    • Stern, Bob, 170
    • Sternberg, Michael, 161
    • Stevens, Sayre, 34
    • Stevens, Theodore F. “Ted,” 156
    • Stevenson, Adlai E., III, 14
    • Stitt, Mary, 222, 245, 249
    • Stocker, Carol Kay, 161
    • Stoudinger, Susan, 190
    • Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II) (see also Agreements, international):
      • Agreement on, possible, 17
      • Brzezinski’s meeting with Congressional leaders on, 14
      • Difficulties in negotiations on, 9
      • Earle-Dobrynin discussions on, 26
      • Intelligence objectivity and relevance to policy on, 41
      • Need for decisive action in, 13
      • Public perception of Carter’s approach to, 12
      • Ratification of, 17, 18
      • Signing of, 18, 173
    • Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT III), 17
    • Strategic Review Committee, 4
    • Strauss, David, 190
    • Strauss, Robert S., 113, 114, 115, 117, 121
    • Stretch assignments, 194
    • Submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs), 15
    • Succari, Elizabeth, 190
    • Sudan, 17
    • Sugar prices, 41
    • Sugarman, Jule, 153, 154
    • Suitability ratings, 214
    • Sullivan, Dianne, 224, 239, 240
    • Sullivan, Earl L., 190
    • Sullivan, John A., 190
    • Summer intern program, 193, 249
    • Superior Honor Award, 195
    • Supreme Court, U.S., 134, 194, 214
    • Surveillance, 60, 102
    • Survivor benefits, 169, 170
    • Swann, Richard, 227
    • Swartz, Marc J., 190
    • Sweden, 135
    • Swift, Ann, 161
    • Switzerland, 132
    • Szanton, Peter, 2, 3, 144, 145
    • Szent-Miklosy, Istvan, 190
    • Tactical intelligence, 37, 41, 42, 46
    • Tai, Hung-Chao, 190
    • Taiwan, 17, 61, 151
    • Tallman, Ronald D., 190
    • Tambs, Lewis A., 190
    • Tandem couples, 178
    • Tanguy, Charles, 215, 225, 241
    • Tannenbaum, Donald G., 190
    • Tarnoff, Peter, 24, 25, 45, 165, 170, 172
    • Task Force on Questionable Foreign Payments, 3
    • Tasking, collection, 41, 50, 74
    • Tasking, operational, 37, 40
    • Tasking authority, 51
    • Taubenfeld, Rita F., 202
    • Taylor, James H., 40, 44, 47
    • Team Associates, Inc., 219, 230
    • Technical intelligence, 50, 63, 79
    • Technological change, 50
    • Technology transfer, 61
    • Telemetry, 40
    • Teng Xiao-ping, 15, 18
    • Tenure, 215
    • Terris, Bruce J., 199, 200
    • Terrorism, 41, 61, 63, 72
    • Testing formats, 163, 214, 231
    • Textile program, 118
    • Thailand, 68
    • Theater Nuclear Forces (TNF), 25
    • Thiel, Elroy B., 190
    • Thomas, John M., 198, 223
    • Thomas, Walter J., 202
    • Thomas Legal Defense Fund, 195
    • Thompson, Joseph E., 190
    • Thomson, Barbara, 178, 241, 249
    • Thornton, Thomas, 132
    • Thursday Luncheon Group, 194, 215
    • Ticket punching, 177
    • Tighe, Lt. Gen. Eugene F., 94
    • Time-in-Class (TIC), 169, 170, 172, 181, 185
    • Tito, Josep Broz, 15
    • Todman, Terence A., 209, 244
    • Tokyo G–7 Summit, 172, 173
    • Tokyo Round, 17, 114
    • Tombstone promotions, 169
    • Tone, George A., 190
    • Toon, Carlton S., Jr., 170
    • Torrijos Herrera, Omar, 17
    • Tracy, Thomas M., 177, 180, 182, 245
    • Trade Act (1974), 118
    • Trade adjustment assistance, 118
    • Trade Agreements Act (1979), 119
    • Trade and Commerce, U.S. Department of (TAC) (proposed), 117
    • Trade Bill (1979), 115
    • Trade Negotiation Committee (proposed), 117
    • Trade negotiations, 118
    • Trade Policy Administration, U.S. (USTPA) (proposed), 118
    • Trade Policy Board (TPB), 118
    • Trade Policy Commission, 117
    • Trade Policy Committee, 118
    • Trade reorganization:
      • Constituencies for, 117
      • Implementation of plan for, 121
      • Reorganization Plan No. 3, 119, 120
      • State Department views on, 119, 120
      • STR’s role under, 113
      • STR’s weaknesses, 115
      • Trade and Commerce Department proposal, 117
      • Treasury Department views on, 118
    • Training programs:
      • African programs, 144, 151
      • To enable equal promotion of women, 216
      • For family members of FS personnel, 181
      • Language, 94, 182, 184
      • For people with disabilities, 194
    • Transportation, U.S. Department of (DOT), 3, 249
    • Travel expenses, 181
    • Treasury, U.S. Department of:
      • As consumer of intelligence, 41, 52
      • Economic Policy Group role of, 112
      • IFI programs, 141, 142
      • Intelligence arm of, 38, 42
      • Interagency exchange of officers, 164
      • As producer of intelligence, 41
      • Public diplomacy activities of, 138
      • Trade reorganization, 113, 118, 121
    • Trimble, Phillip, 135, 136
    • Truman, Harry S., 2, 37
    • TRW, Inc., 43
    • Tsimshian (people), 183
    • Tsongas, Paul E., 14
    • Tuchman, Jessica, 10
    • Turkey, 17, 61
    • Turner, Stansfield M.:
      • Abuse of intelligence, 58
      • APEX security classification system, 109
      • Carter-Brown meetings, 44
      • CIA briefings for IOB, 99
      • CIA Chiefs of Station-Ambassador relationship agreement, 62, 65, 77, 78, 81
      • CIA–NSC liaison, 11
      • CIA operations not reported to IOB, 103, 104, 105, 106, 109
      • CIA personnel cuts, 63
      • CIA views on future Intelligence Community management, 38
      • Clandestine distribution of publications in Soviet bloc countries, 95
      • Covert action, 80
      • DCI’s annual report to IOB, 103
      • DCI’s requirements for job performance, 40, 51
      • Defining and ranking of intelligence requirements, 67
      • Executive Order 12036:
        • Carter’s signing of, 77
        • Drafts for, 70, 73, 74
        • Guidelines for reporting abuse of intelligence under, 85, 86, 90
        • Implementation of procedures mandated by, 109
        • SCC review of sensitive operations, 72, 96
      • Intelligence policy meeting, 33
      • IOB reporting procedures, 98
      • Legislative charters for Intelligence Community:
        • Carter’s meeting with Senators on, 101
        • Memo to Brzezinski on, 92, 93
        • SCC meetings on, 84, 87, 91
        • Senators’ letter to Carter on, 100
      • NFIP budget, 70
      • PD/NSC–2, 7
      • PD/NSC–17, 56, 57, 59
      • PD/NSC–19, 60
      • PD/NSC–31, 79
      • Political intelligence improvements, 69, 75, 77, 83, 94
      • PRC meetings, 67
      • PRM/NSC–11 intelligence structure and mission study:
        • Analysis of Task 3 options, 44
        • Attorney General’s Subcommittee report under, 36, 60
        • DCI as intelligence czar, 48
        • Issues and options, 51, 52, 54, 55
        • Organization of, 27
        • Redraft of, 28
        • SCC report from, 41
        • Task 2 report, 42
        • Text of, 29
        • Turner as chair of, 28
      • SCC meetings, 36, 47, 84, 87, 91
      • SCC role in sensitive intelligence collecting operations, 72, 96
      • SSCI draft of National Intelligence Act (1980), 38
      • State Department-CIA relations, 77, 109
      • Warrantless electronic surveillance, 60
      • Wartime administration of intelligence, 46
    • Udall, Morris K., 155, 156
    • Ullman, Stephen H., 190
    • Under Secretaries Committee (USC), 3
    • Under Secretaries Committee on North-South Issues, 3
    • Unfair trade practices, 115
    • United Kingdom (UK), 3, 4, 5, 9
    • United Nations Capital Development Fund, 144
    • United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), 144
    • United Nations Committee on Disarmament, 17
    • United Nations development programs, 141, 142, 144
    • United Nations Disaster Relief Organization, 144
    • United Nations Educational and Training Program for Southern Africa, 144
    • United States Advisory Committee on Information, 138
    • United States Advisory Committee on International Educational and Cultural Affairs, 138
    • United States Code amendments, 181
    • United States Communications Security Board (USCSB), 42
    • United States Embassy Moscow, 12
    • United States Export Corporation (proposal), 117, 118
    • United States Export Service (proposal), 118
    • United States Information Agency (USIA):
      • Employment of Foreign Service spouses, 204
      • Interagency exchange of officers, 164
      • Iranian programs of, 135
      • Officers as FSOs, 164
      • Overseas intelligence reporting by, 63
      • Public Advisory Commission, 135
      • Reorganization of, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140
      • Stanton Panel Report, 135
    • United States Mission to the United Nations, 25
    • United States persons, 30, 50, 81, 97
    • United States Postal Service (USPS), 160
    • University of California, Davis, 194, 214
    • Unterberger, Betty M., 190
    • Up or out procedures, 165, 169
    • Upward mobility and handicapped programs, 188, 194, 207, 245, 249
    • Urban League, 190, 218, 247
    • U.S.-Romanian Trade Agreement, 113
    • Vaky, Viron P., 89
    • Valdez, Abelardo L., 244
    • Van Hove, Austin G., 190
    • Van Tassell, G. Lane, 190
    • Van Valen, Nelson, 190
    • Vance, Cyrus R.:
      • Brzezinski’s relationship with, 19, 24
      • CIA Chiefs of Station-Ambassador relationship, 62, 65, 77, 78, 81
      • CIA operations not reported to IOB, 103
      • Consultations as foreign policy aid, 15
      • Coordination of policy within the executive branch, 16
      • Covert action, 80
      • Defining and ranking of intelligence requirements, 67
      • Employment equity and awareness:
        • Actions on Habib Committee report, 238, 241
        • Affirmative action efforts in State Department, 188
        • Affirmative action progress reports, 213, 230
        • EEO Award, 249
        • EEO drive as announced by, 198
        • EEO films, 191
        • Employment of Foreign Service spouses, 204
        • Employment of women and minorities in the Federal Service, 210
        • Executive Level Task Force on Affirmative Action’s report, 194, 198
        • FSO minority representation trends, 243
        • Handicapped people, 186, 221, 242
        • Lack of minorities in foreign missions, 205
        • Message on EEO Program to State Department employees, 186, 188, 191, 193
        • National black leaders meeting with, 218
        • Problems and plans in affirmative action, 215
        • Scholar-Diplomat Program, 241
      • Executive Order 12036, Drafts for, 70
      • Foreign assistance reorganization, 141, 143, 144, 147, 149, 150
      • Foreign policy priorities for 1979–1980, 17
      • Foreign service discontent and reform:
        • Board of Foreign Service views on, 167
        • Career development, 180
        • Foreign Service Act (1980):
          • Areas of consensus and contention on, 169
          • Compromises and next steps for, 172
          • OMB clearance of bill for, 173
          • Read’s memos to Vance on, 165, 172
          • Signing of, 183
          • Transmission to Congress of, 174, 181
          • Meeting with FSOs over, 161
        • Performance pay, 176
        • Vance’s meetings with State Department intra-service groups on, 170
      • Foreign service substantive reporting, 45
      • Iran hostage crisis, 21
      • Legislative charters for Intelligence Community, 92, 100
      • NSC organizational recommendations, 5
      • NSC staff access to information given the President, 68
      • Overseas intelligence reporting, 82
      • Palestinian self-government, 18
      • PD/NSC–2, 7
      • PD/NSC–17, 59
      • PD/NSC–19, 60
      • PD/NSC–31, 79
      • Personnel management reorganization, 152
      • Political intelligence, 69, 75, 94
      • PRC meetings, 67
      • PRM/NSC–11 intelligence structure and mission study:
        • Attorney General’s Subcommittee report under, 36, 60
        • DCI’s role, 46
        • Draft of, 27
        • Issues and options, 51
        • Organization of, 27, 28
        • SCC report from, 41
        • Text of, 29
      • Reductions in U.S. employment abroad, 131, 133
      • Resignation of, 21, 22, 23, 25
      • SCC meetings, 36
      • State-AID-IDCA relationship, 148
      • State Department-CIA relations, 77
      • Trade reorganization, 118, 120
      • U.S. participation in Multilateral Development Banks, 147
      • USIA–CU reorganization, 135, 136, 138, 139
      • Visits:
        • Belgium (Dec. 1978), 15
        • China (proposed), 19
        • Israel (Aug. 1978), 15
        • Soviet Union (Oct. 1978), 15
        • Switzerland (Oct. 1978), 15
        • Switzerland (Dec. 1978), 15
        • Tokyo (June 1979), 172, 173
        • United Kingdom (Oct. 1978), 15
        • Vienna (June 1979), 170, 173
      • Warrantless electronic surveillance, 60
    • Vance, Gay, 21
    • Vance, Sheldon, 170
    • Vancon, Nancy S., 202
    • Venezuela, 17
    • Verification Panel, 2, 3, 4
    • Vest, George S., 25, 89, 170, 209, 241
    • Veterans:
    • Veterans Administration (VA), 160
    • Veterans’ Preference Act (1944), 152
    • Vienna Conventions on Diplomatic and Consular Relations, 181, 204
    • Vienna Summit (June 1979), 170
    • Vietnam, Democratic Republic of (DRV), 12, 17, 19, 20, 68
    • Vietnam War, 38, 41, 42, 68, 153
    • Vilaplana, Victor, 214
    • Vine, Richard D., 170, 172
    • Visa regulations, 41
    • Vista, 219
    • Visual Service, 219
    • Vocation rehabilitation, 242
    • Voice of America (VOA), 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140
    • Volgy, Thomas J., 190
    • Vorster, Balthazar J., 13
    • Waldron, Sydney R., 190
    • Walker, Lannon, 170
    • Waller, John, 95
    • Walsh, James D., 190
    • War powers authority, 103
    • War Powers Resolution, 102
    • War readiness, 41
    • Warnke, Paul, 7, 9
    • Warrantless physical search standards, 60, 102
    • Warrants, 36
    • Wartime intelligence:
      • Administration by DOD, 46, 49
      • Centralization of authority and, 43
      • DCI’s role in, 42
      • PD/NSC–17’s delegation of authority for, 59
      • Readiness for, 41, 50
      • Waiver on restrictions on, 10
    • Washington Special Actions Committee (WSAC), 3, 4, 28
    • Watergate, 38, 41, 64
    • Watson, Alexander, 145
    • Watson, Barbara, 244
    • Watson, Douglas K., 178, 215, 221, 232
    • Watson, Jack, 1, 24, 43
    • Weaver, Eric, 190
    • Webster, William H., 84, 91
    • Weicker, Lowell P., Jr., 14
    • Wells, Melissa F., 244
    • Wells, Robert N., 190
    • Wells, William, 34, 65
    • West Bank, 17, 18
    • Western Asia, 17
    • Wexler, Anne, 20
    • Wheeler, Donald F., 190
    • Wheeler, Richard S., 190
    • Whistleblowers, 153, 157, 160
    • White House Congressional Liaison Office, 10
    • White House Diary (Carter), 21, 76
    • White House Press Liaison Office, 10
    • White House Staff, 1
    • White, John, 134
    • Wides, Burt, 87, 99
    • Wiggins, Frontis, 245
    • Wilkowski, Jean, 190
    • Willard, Michel M.H., 190
    • Williams, Barbara, 190
    • Williams, Robert C., 190
    • Wilson, Howard A., 190
    • Wind River Reservation, 193
    • Wing, Byron S. J., 190
    • Wisner, Frank, 94, 135
    • Wolfbein, Seymour, 239
    • Wolff, Alan W., 113, 117
    • Wolff, Lester, 138, 205
    • Womack, Brantly H., 190
    • Women (see also Employment equity and awareness; Equal employment opportunity; Middle-level Hiring Program for Women and Minorities):
      • Applicants for 1980 written examination, 248
      • Blitz for Foreign Service recruitment, 247
      • Career development for, 168
      • Carter’s message on civil service policies affecting, 196
      • Changes in workforce (1969–1979), 237
      • Civil Service reform and status of, 245
      • Class action complaints of discrimination against:
      • In the Federal Service, 210
      • As Foreign Service wives, 168, 170
      • FSO promotions compared to men’s, 185, 229
      • FSO written examination’s impact on, 189, 225, 238
      • By grade and pay plans, 206, 236
      • Harassment charges by, 200
      • High-level positions for, 244, 245
      • Increases in numbers of FSOs among, 245
      • Recruitment strategies and efforts for, 218, 219
      • Special Recruitment Effort, 190
      • Status among State Department employees of, 206, 226, 234, 245
      • Status among State Department employees of minorities who are, 208
      • Task Force report on effect of affirmative action on, 189, 194
      • Ten-year record on hiring as FSOs of, 192
      • Testing formats and performance of, 163, 231
    • Women’s Action Organization, 194, 195, 212, 249
    • Women’s availability factor, 249
    • Woodruff, Arthur, 215, 232
    • Woodward, Bob, 31
    • Working couples, 212, 232
    • World Bank, 204
    • World Food Program, 141
    • Wright, Theodore P., 190
    • Wriston program, 154, 206
    • Written examinations, 189, 214, 219, 225, 238, 248
    • Yakima Reservation, 193
    • Yost, Charles W., 45
    • Young, Andrew J., 7, 15, 29, 207
    • Young, Whitney M., 218
    • Youngblood, Betty Jane Sherman, 190
    • Yugoslavia, 17
    • Zablocki, Clement, 141, 142, 170
    • Zaire, 17, 61
    • Zaman, M. Raquibz, 190
    • Zambia, 17
    • Zero-based budgeting (ZBB), 131, 133
    • Zimbabwe, 22
    • Zorinsky, Edward, 170