Papers Relating to Foreign Affairs, Accompanying the Annual Message of the President to the Second Session of the Thirty-ninth Congress
Mr. Yeaman to Mr. Seward.
Sir: Having expressed to the minister of foreign affairs the desire to acquaint myself with the plan and details of the protection and superintendence adopted by the Danish government for the freed people and laborers in its West India islands, and the facilities afforded that population for education and religious instruction, as well as the facts in regard to their increase or decrease in numbers, their willingness to labor, and the amount and value of the productions of those islands as compared with former years previous to emancipation, he has kindly favored me with the enclosed printed and manuscript documents, besides several others printed entirely in the Danish language, concerning the population, trade and products of those islands, the substance of which I may here after communicate.
My intention was to make a synopsis or condensed statement of these ordinances and regulations, but they are generally short, and so explicit and detailed that no abbreviation of them could be made so available as the originals; and I now place them at the disposal of the State Department, in the supposition that they may be found interesting to those engaged in devising means for protecting and improving the condition of a similar class of population in the United States. Though these regulations seem to be formed at once with a view of justice to the laborer and of securing the productiveness of the estates, there is probably not much in them that could be copied or adopted with advantage in the United States; but we may derive assistance from the efforts of others under circumstances not entirely dissimilar, and find a lesson of instruction in any result that has been attained.
Without undertaking to review in detail this system of minute regulations, it seems to me on its face, as well as proved by its results, to be over done. Its theory seems too much to depend upon control, direction, and prescription as the means, instead of relying entirely or mainly upon protection of person and property as the stimulations of individual exertion. Any reasoning to prove that such minute and stringent regulations are necessary for a particular class of people, is only another form of argument proving that they are not really a valuable part of the population; and this imputation may generally be met by the reflection that a given class of population is often ignorant, indolent, and immoral by reason of the restrictions and the superfluous or unjust control imposed upon them.
The principal interest I have derived from the perusal of these documents has been to strengthen the opinion that the perfect and equal right to contract and acquire property, and to exercise all trades and professions, and the equal right of enforcing performance of contracts and obtaining damages for breach of them, either on the part of employed or employer, is the best incentive that labor can have, and the only real assistance government can give to it or to capital, and that all beyond this is shackle and encumbrance to both.
The abolition of slavery in the Danish West Indies necessarily ended compulsory labor and the arbitrary transfer or sale of the laborer; but the attempt to prescribe the exact hours of labor, the exact amount of wages, the formalities of the contract, the kind and quality of food, the extent of house-room and “provision ground,” corresponding with the “truck patches” formerly allowed slaves in the southern States, would hardly be recognized in the United States as compatible with a wholesome and active freedom, even by those who opposed the change from slavery to freedom recently effected in many of the States.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your most obedient servant,
Hon. William H. Seward, Secretary of State, Washington, D. C.
Provisional act to regulate the relation between the proprietors of landed estates and the rural population of free laborers.
I, Peter Hansen, knight commander of the order of Dannebrag, the King’s commissioner for and officiating governor general of the Danish West India islands, make known that whereas the ordinance dated 29th July, 1848, by which yearly contracts for labor and landed estates were introduced has not been duly acted upon; whereas the interest of the proprietors of estates, as well as of the laborers, requires that their mutual obligations should be defined; and whereas, on inquiring into the practice of the island and into the private contracts and agreements hitherto made, it appears expedient to establish uniform rules throughout the island for the guidance of all parties concerned, it is enacted and ordained :
Section 1. All engagements of laborers now domiciled on landed estates and receiving wages in money or in kind for cultivating and working such estates, are to be continued, as directed by the ordinance of 29th July, 1848, until the first day of October of the present year, and all similar engagements shall in future be made, or shall be considered as having been made, for a term of twelve months, viz., from the 1st of October till the 1st of October, year after year.
Engagements made by heads of families are to include their children between five and fifteen years of age, and other relations depending on them and staying with them.
Sec. 2. No laborer engaged as aforesaid in the cultivation of the soil shall be discharged or dismissed from, nor shall be permitted to dissolve, his or her engagement before expiration of the same on the 1st of October of the present or any following year, except in the instances hereafter enumerated:
(a) By mutual agreement of master and laborer before a magistrate.
(b) By order of a magistrate, on just and equitable cause being shown by the parties interested. Legal marriage and the natural tie between mothers and their children shall be deemed by the magistrate just and legal cause of removal from one estate to another. The husband shall have the right to be removed to his wife, the wife to her husband, and children under fifteen years of age to their mother, provided no objection to employing such individuals shall be made by the owner of the estate to which the removal is to take place.
Sec. 3. No engagment of a laborer shall be lawful in future unless made in the presence of witnesses and entered in the day-book of the estate.
Sec. 4. Notice to quit service shall be given by the employer as well as by the laborer at no other period but once a year, in the month of August, not before the first nor after the last day of the said month. An entry thereof shall be made in the day-book, and an acknowledgment in writing shall be given to the laborer.
The laborer shall have given or received legal notice of removal from the estate where he serves before any one can engage his services, otherwise the new contract to be void, and the party engaging or tampering with a laborer employed by others will be dealt with according to law.
In case any owner or manager of an estate should dismiss a laborer during the year without sufficient cause, or should refuse to receive him at the time stipulated, or refuse to grant him a passport when due notice of removal has been given, the owner or manager is to pay full damages to the laborer, and to be sentenced to a fine not exceeding $20.
Sec. 5. Laborers employed or rated as first, second, or third-class laborers, shall perform all the work in the field, or about the works, or otherwise concerning the estate which it hitherto has been customary for such laborers to perform according to the season. They shall attend faithfully to their work, and willingly obey the directions given by the employer or the person appointed by him.
No laborer shall presume to dictate what work he or she is to do, or refuse the work he may be ordered to perform, unless expressly engaged for some particular work only.
If. a laborer thinks himself aggrieved, he shall not therefor leave the work, but in due time apply for redress to the owner of the estate or to the magistrate.
It is the duty of all laborers, on all occasions, and at all times, to protect the property of his employer, to prevent mischief to the estate, to apprehend evil-doers, and not to give countenance to or conceal unlawful practices.
Sec. 6. The working days to be as usual, only five days in the week, and the same days as hitherto. The ordinary work of estates is to commence at sunrise and to be finished at sunset every day, leaving one hour for breakfast, and two hours of noon from twelve to two o’clock.
Planters who prefer to begin the work at seven o’clock in the morning, making no separate breakfast time, are at liberty to adopt this plan, either during the year or when out at crop.
The laborers shall be present in due time at the place where they are to work. The list to be called and answered regularly; whoever does not answer the list when called is too late.
Sec. 7. No throwing of grass or of wood shall be exacted during extra hours, all former agreements to the contrary notwithstanding; and during crops the laborers are expected to bring home a bundle of longtops from the field where they are to work.
[Page 161]Cartmen and crook people when breaking off shall attend properly to their stock, as hitherto usual.
Sec. 8. During crops the mill gang, the crook gang, boiler-men, firemen, still-men, and any other person employed about the mill and the boiling house shall continue their work during breakfast and noon hours, as hitherto usual; and the boiler-men, firemen, magass carriers, &c., also during evening hours, after sunset, when required, but all workmen, emeloyed as aforesaid, shall be paid an extra remuneration for the work done by them in extra ours.
The boiling-house is to be cleaned, the mill to be washed down, and the magass to be swept up before the laborers leave the work, as hitherto usual.
The mill is not to turn after six o’clock in the evening, and the boiling not to be continued after ten o’clock, except by special permission of the governor general, who then will determine if any, and what, extra remuneration shall be paid to the laborers.
Sec. 9. The laborers are to receive until otherwise ordered the following remuneration:
A. The use of a house or dwelling-rooms for themselves and their children, to be built and repaired by the estate, but to be kept in proper order by the laborers.
B. The use of a piece of provision ground, thirty feet in square, as usual, for every first and second-class laborer; or, if it be standing ground, up to fifty feet in square. Third-class laborers are not entitled to, but may be allowed some provision ground.
C. Weekly wages of the rate of fifteen cents to every first-class laborer; of ten cents to every second-class laborer; and of five cents to every third-class laborer, for every working day.
Where the usual allowance of meal and herrings has been agreed on in part of wages, full weekly allowance shall be taken for five cents a day or twenty-five cents a week. Nurses losing two hours every working day, shall be paid at the rate of four full working days in the week. The wages of minors to be paid as usual, to their parents, or to the person in charge of them. Laborers not calling at pay-time personally, or by another authorized, to wait till next pay-day, unless they were prevented by working for the estate.
No attachment of wages for private debts to be allowed, nor more than two-thirds to be deducted for debts to the estate unless otherwise ordered by the magistrate. Extra provisions occasionally given during the ordinary working hours are not to be claimed as a right, nor to be bargained for.
Sec. 10. Work in extra hours during crop is to be paid as follows: To the mill-gang and to the crook-gang for working through the breakfast hour one stiver, and for working through noon two stivers per day.
Extra provision is not to be given, except at the option of the laborers, in place of the money or in part of it. The boiler-men, firemen, and magass carriers are to receive, for all days when the boiling is carried on until late hours, a maximum pay of twenty (20) cents per day. No bargaining for extra pay by the hour is permitted. Laborers working such extra hours only by turns are not to have additional payment.
Sec. 11. Tradesmen on estates are considered as engaed to perform the same work as hitherto usual, assisting in the fields, carting, patting sugar, &c. They shall be rated as first, second, and third-class laborers, according to their proficiency.
Where no definite terms have been agreed on previously, the wages of first class tradesmen, having full work in their trade, are to be twenty (20) cents per day.
Any existing contract with tradesmen is to continue until October next. No tradesman is allowed to keep apprentices without the consent of the owner of the estate. Such apprentices to be bound for no less period than three years, and not to be removed without the permission of the magistrate.
Sec. 12. No laborer is obliged to work for others on Saturdays, but if they choose to work for hire, it is proper that they should give their own estate the preference. For a full day’s work on Saturday, there shall not be asked for nor given more than twenty (20) cents to a first-class laborer; thirteen (13) cents to a second-class laborer; seven (7) cents to a third-class laborer.
Work on Saturdays may, however, be ordered by the magistate as a punishment to the laborer for having absented himself from work during the week for one whole day or more, or for having been idle during the week; and then the laborer shall not receive more than his usual pay for a common day’s work.
Sec. 13. All the male laborers, tradesmen included, above eighteen years of age, working on an estate, are bound to take the usual night watch by turns, but only once in ten days; notice to be given before noon to break off from work in the afternoon with the nurses, and to come to work next day at 8 o’clock; the watch to be delivered in the usual manner by nightfall and by sunrise. The above rule shall not be compulsory, except where voluntary watchmen cannot be obtained, at a hire the planters may be willing to give, to save the time lost by employing their ordinary laborers as watchmen. Likewise the male laborers are bound once a month, on Sundays and holidays, to take the day watch about the yard, and to act as pasturemen, On receiving their usual pay for a week-day’s work. This rule applies also to the crook-boys. All orders about the watches to be duly entered in the day-book of the estate. Should a laborer, having been duly named to take the watch, not attend, another laborer is to be hired in the place of the absentee and at his expense, not, however, to exceed [Page 162] fifteen cents. The person who wilfully leaves the watch or neglects it is to be reported to the magistrate, and punished as the case merits.
Sec. 14. Laborers wilfully abstaining from work on a working day are to forfeit their wages for the day, and will have to pay over and above the forfeit a fine, which can be lawfully deducted in their wages, of seven (7) cents for a first-class laborer, five (5) cents for a second-class laborer, and two (2) cents for a third-class laborer. In crop, on grinding days, when employed about the works in cutting canes or in crook, an additional punishment will be awarded for wilful absence and neglect, by the magistrate, on complaint being made. Laborers abstaining from work for half a day, or breaking off from work before being dismissed, to forfeit their wages for one day. Laborers not coming to work in due time, to forfeit half a day’s wages. Parents keeping their children from work shall be fined instead of their children. No change of house rent is to be made in future, on account of absence from work, or for the Saturday,
Sec. 15. Laborers wilfully abstaining from work for two or more days during the week, or habitually absenting themselves, or working badly and lazily, shall be punished as the case merits, on complaint to the magistrate.
Sec. 16. Laborers assaulting any person in authority on the estate, or planning or conspiring to retard or to stop the work of the estate, or uniting to abstain from work, or to break their engagements, shall be punished according to law, on investigation before a magistrate.
Sec. 17. Until measures can be adopted for securing medical attendance to the laborers, and for regulating the treatment of the sick and the infirm, it is ordered that infirm persons, unfit for any work, shall, as hitherto, be maintained on the estates where they are domiciled, and be attended to by their next relations; that parents or children of such infirm persons shall not remove from the estate, leaving them behind, without making provision for them to the satisfaction of the owner or of the magistrate. That laborers unable to attend to work on account of illness, or on account of having sick children, shall make a report to the manager, or any other person in authority on the estate, who, if the case appears dangerous and the sick person destitute, shall cause medical assistance to be given. That ail sick laborers willing to remain in the hospital during their illness shall there be attended to at the cost of the estate.
Sec. 18. If a laborer reported sick shall be at any time found absent from the estate without leave, or is trespassing about the estate, or found occupied with work requiring health, he shall be considered skulking and wilfully absent from work. When a laborer pretends illness and is not apparently sick, it shall be his duty to prove his illness by medical certificate.
Sec. 19. Pregnant women shall be at liberty to work with the small gang, as customary, and when confined, not to be called on to work for seven weeks after their confinement. Young children shall be fed and attended to during the hours of work at some proper place, at the cost of the estate. Nobody is allowed to stay from work on pretence of attending a sick person, except the wife and the mother, in dangerous cases of illness.
Sec. 20 It is the duty of the managers to report to the police any contagious or suspicious cases of illness and death, especially when gross neglect is believed to have taken place or when children have been neglected by their mothers, in order that the guilty person may be punished according to law.
Sec. 21. The driver or foreman on the estate is to receive in wages four-and-a-half dollars monthly, if no other terms have been agreed on. The driver may be dismissed at any time during the year, with the consent of the magistrate. It is the duty of the driver to see the work duly performed, to maintain order and peace on the estate during the work and at other times, and to prevent and report all offences committed. Should any laborer insult or use insulting language towards him during or on account of the performance of his duties, such person is to punished according to law.
Sec. 22. No laborer is allowed, without the special permission of the owner or manager, to appropriate wood, grass, vegetables, fruits and the like, belonging to the estate, nor to appropriate such produce from other estates, nor to cut canes or to burn charcoal. Persons making themselves guilty of such offences shall be punished, according to law, with fines or imprisonment, with hard labor; and the possession of such articles not satisfactorily accounted for shall be sufficient evidence of unlawful acquisition.
Sec. 23. All agreements contrary to the above rules are to be null and void, and owners and managers of estates convicted of any practice tending wilfully to counteract or avoid these rules, by direct or indirect means, shall be subject to a fine not exceeding two hundred dollars.
Ordinance concerning medical attendance on the landed properties in the Islands of St. Croix and St. Johns.
We, Frederick the Seventh, by the grace of God, King of Denmark, the Vandals, and the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Dithmarsh, Lauenborg and Oldenborg, [Page 163] make known, on the report of our minister of finance, who has laid before us the deliberation of the colonial council in our West India possessions on a draft of ordinance concerning medical attendance at the sugar estates, we most graciously decree:
1. When the owner of any estate or landed property in St. Croix engages a physician to attend the laborers and their families residing on the property, comprising all persons of the laboring class, who, with the consent and knowledge of the owner, are domiciled or reside on the estate,) and furnishes them with the requisite medicines, he shall be entitled to collect from every such individual 3 cents (2 stivers) per week, as a contribution towards the expenses, invalids and children under the age of 12 years excepted. If the owner has not engaged any physician, he or the person who on his behalf at the time represents him on the property, shall nevertheless be bound in cases of disasters or of dangerous illness, to procure medical aid; if and in what manner the expenses arising therefrom are to be refunded by the individual concerned, or by the parents or master of the individual concerned, shall in every case be decided by the police master, according to equity.
2. In the island of St. Johns all owners of estates shall pay to the physician that will be appointed by his Majesty the King an annual remuneration for attendance and travelling expenses of 75 cents (to be paid quarterly) for each of the laborers and their families, (comprising each individual of the laboring class, who, with the consent or knowledge of the owner, is domiciled or resides on the estate,) and besides they shall furnish them with medicines. No deduction from the laborer’s wages can be made for reimbursing these expenses. To which all concerned have to conform.
Andree.
Ordinance containing further provisions relative to the second section of the ordinances of the 26th of January, 1849, for St. Croix, of 18th May, same year, for St. Johns, and of the 13th of June, same year, for St. Thomas.
We, Frederick the Seventh, by the grace of God, King of Denmark, the Vandals, and the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Dithmarsh, Lauenborg, and Oldenborg, make known, on the report of our minister of finance, who has laid before us the deliberation of the colonial council in our West India possessions on a draft of ordinance, abrogating the provisions contained in the second section of the ordinances of the 26th of January, the 18th of May, and the 13th of June, 1849, concerning marriage being a legal cause for dissolving contracts for agricultural labor, we most graciously decree:
The provisions contained in the second section of the ordinances of the 26th of January, 1849, for St. Croix, of the 18th of May, same year, for St. Johns, and of the 13th of June, same year, for St. Thomas, relative to the dissolution of contracts of labor on account of marriage, shall in future be interpreted thus: That only in the case of marriage being entered during the course of the year of contract it shall be considered to establish a claim to have the contract dissolved on the conditions therein mentioned, and in such cases the party who intends to move to another estate shall give notice at least three weeks previous to the marriage ceremony. To which all concerned have to conform.
Andree.
Memorandum.
When the emancipation of the slaves in these colonies took place, in a sudden and violent manner, in the year 1848, one of the most essential objects that it was considered necessary to have in view was, as far as possible, by those laws that were to regulate the relations between the owners of estates and the laboring population, to secure to the estates, for a longer period, the necessary amount of labor, on reasonable and to the native laboring population favorable terms, and particularly to counteract those circumstances which in other colonies in which emancipation had taken place had led to the native laboring population so rapidly withdrawing from agricultural occupation, and thereby rendering in a very few years the continuance of cultivation completely dependant on the introduction of foreign laborers.
The law that was passed with this view, namely, the accompanying provisional act of 26th of January, 1849, is, together with the two royal ordinances, dated 22d February, 1855, still unaltered in force, and determines, together with the general laws of Denmark, the position of the laboring rural population in this island.
[Page 164]As far as regards the above-mentioned view, to attach the laborers to the estates and to accustom them to steady agricultural occupation, it has, together with other enactments in the general laws, worked satisfactorily, as the greater part of the population, who formerly as slaves had been attached to the estates, have with their families continued as free laborers in that occupation.
Whereas this law and such of its clauses, particularly the one fixing the amount of wages, as can least be defended, from a general point of view, must be supposed originally to have only been intended to last for a short period of transition, unfortunate circumstances and, above all, that the amount of labor in the rural districts, even prior to emancipation, was inadequate, when compared to the size of the island and the requirements of cultivation, and has continued to decrease since that event, have hitherto caused some hesitation as to its repeal, and any change would not be advisable until an opportunity was offered to secure to agriculture a greater amount of labor through immigration.
The most essential points in the relation in which the laborers are placed by this law may be summed up under the following heads :
1. All contracts relating to labor to be performed on estates must be entered into for one year from the 1st of October, and the legal time for giving notice to leave is the entire month of August.
2 The working days are the five first days in tke weeh not acknowledged as holidays. On Saturdays the laborers are not bound to work, but may work for a day’s wages of twenty cents for a laborer of the first class, (which, by an allowance of bread and sugar, is increased to twenty-five cents.)
The daily working hours are nine, with three hours interval for breakfast and dinner. Extra pay is allowed for work performed at other than the ordinary working hours.
3. The amount of pay as fixed in the law is :
a. A house free of rent, to be built and kept in repair at the cost of the estate. Every grown-up laborer to have his separate room of a square measurement of at least 168 feet and a cubic measurement of 1,660 feet. The houses are built of wall or wood, the roofs covered with shingles, and the floors, as a general rule, covered with boards.
b. The use of a piece of ground, about 50 feet in the square, for cultivating provisions. On many estates of large extent these grounds are larger.
c. Daily wages at the rate of 15 cents per day for a laborer of the first class, 10 cents for a laborer of the second class, and 5 cents for a laborer of the third class. The usual allowance of 6 quarts of corn-meal and 2 pounds of salt fish or herrings is reckoned and deducted from the wages at the rate of 5 cents for every day, or 25 cents for the week. The value of such allowance is, taking an average of prices when bought in large quantities, about 32 cents, and consequently it is asked for by all the laborers, who have thereby gained no inconsiderable augmentation of the amount of wages as fixed by law. The sharing out of extra provisions, particularly bread and sugar, has gradually become very considerable. The laborers have an unlimited right to rear poultry and hogs, the latter, however, to be kept enclosed.
d. On a deduction of 2 2/3 cents every week in the weekly pay, the laborers are, according to the law and custom, entitled to free medical attendance, and medicine for themselves and their families. In serious cases of illness the estate laborers are admitted at either of the two communal hospitals, and treated and cared for at the expense of the public.
e. Employers have, as far as full-grown individuals are concerned, no right of punishment, with the exception that they, in case of intentional absenteeism from work, can deduct as a fine seven cents daily out of the laborer’s wages.
Complaints against employers, and differences with regard to the mutual relation between them and their laborers, are decided in the ordinary course of law, presided over by judges holding royal commissions, and exclusively paid by the state. On all cases not quite insignificant the sentences may be appealed to the courts of higher instance; and where there is any question of inflicting punishment of a severe nature, the government appoints a lawyer to defend the accused. Persons above eighteen years of age cannot be sentenced to corporeal punishment.
f. Weak and infirm individuals of the rural population have hitherto been supported by those estates on which they formerly worked. Agreeably to the general laws of Denmark, and such special arrangements as have been made in the colonies, every individual not able to support himself is entitled to pauper relief.
g. For the children of laborers employed in the country a sufficient number of schools, in every respect well provided for, is established, in which they, until they have filled their tenth year, are instructed during the first five days of the week; and from their tenth until they fill their thirteenth year, on Saturdays. All expenses connected with these schools are defrayed by the colony, the parents paying nothing.
To understand the preceding statements, it must be kept in mind that the fact of the amount of labor disposable for agriculture being so inadequate, and constantly on the decrease, has necessarily led to the result that the laborers have gradually vindicated a right to an extremely liberal interpretation of all enactments relating to their duties and rights, and an access to many privileges on the estates. The law lays no hindrance in the way of individuals belonging to the laboring population in the country settling in town, when they [Page 165] are able to find work and constant occupation there; and many former estate laborers have acquired real property in the towns.
In consequence, finally, of the position of the laboring class, they are, to a great degree, independent of the prices of the first necessaries of life, as the abundant allowances they receive as a part of their wages is calculated at a fixed amount, far below the actual value, and as they cultivate a considerable quantity of vegetables on the provision grounds allotted to them.
Altogether, the general impression on all who have had an opportunity of becoming acquainted with the material condition of the laboring population in this island, as it exhibits itself in their dress, house, furniture, ponies and wagons, which they either make use of to cart their provisions to market in the towns, or to drive themselves to church in, &c., must be that there certainly can be few places in the world where the laboring class is, in this respect, generally better situated than in this island.
Ordinance containing alterations in the ordinance of the 6th of June, 1862, for raising funds in aid of immigration to the island of St. Croix.
The enactments in section third of the ordinance of 6th June, 1862, for raising funds in aid of immigration to the island of St. Croix, fixing those amounts that are to be paid into the immigration fund by the party who first employs an immigrant, and stipulating the periods when the amounts are payable, shall only be applicable in the case where the immigrants are introduced from the East Indies or China; and it shall, in the case of immigrants introduced from other places than the aforesaid, as hitherto, be lawful for the government, after previous deliberation with the colonial council of St. Croix, to give such rules in the aforementioned respect as may be found requisite, according to the circumstances, and necessary for securing the interests of the immigration fund.
Section 2. Whenever laborers are introduced into the island, either for account of the public, or by private individuals under the control of the authorities, and with pecuniary aid from the immigration fund, on the condition that such laborers, after the expiration of the first year of their service, may engage themselves on other estates, or take other employment, the person first employing or retaining such laborer in his employment during the second or third year shall pay into the immigration fund an amount equal to one-fourth part of the total expenses for introducing the immigrant into the island, but within such limits, in regard to the amount thus to be paid, as may be fixed by the government after previous deliberation with the colonial council.
Section 3. The immigration fund shall be administered by the government, who will every year furnish the colonial council with a statement of the means belonging to the fund, and also lay before the council, for its approval, an estimate of the revenue and expenditure of the said fund for the following financial year.
Stadfaster of Haus Majestat,
Kongen, C. 11 Mai. 1866.