Paris Peace Conf. 186.3411/99: Telegram
The Commander of United States Naval Forces in the Eastern Mediterranean ( Bullard ) to Admiral W. S. Benson
Adriatic 36. English General Gordon before naval committee forenoon December 24th, his general statement:
“No disorder before landing Italian troops but immediately after flags and shop signs torn down and great excitement among people [Page 341] due to landing such large number of troops. Strong protest against landing was made by British and French naval officers and landing was effected by breach of faith on the part of Italy. Overwhelming number of Italian troops shape policy, Italians appointed civil government and giving impulse to propaganda that leads to grave results and situation is now tense. Italian population feel protected while Jugo-Slavs feel abandoned and depressed. Troops necessary to preserve order, not more than four battalions, possibly one of each of Allies and United States. Consider existing Italian municipal government better than former Jugo-Slav government because latter had not time to get affairs working before it was harassed by Italy. Fiume absolutely necessary for French base, no other place so available or convenient, but should not be more than 5,000 troops at one time in addition to those already present. Had knowledge of disorder only after arrival at Italy”.
Lieutenant-Colonel Everson before committee:
“Italy had complete control of town when Americans arrived 19 November. No hospitality shown them on arrival and impression was formed that at least civilian population did not want them. Fiume had every appearance of being occupied by Italians and not by Allies. Never received orders from his senior officer that his force formed part of Allied forces. Considered his force part of Italian army, though always representing American interests. Too many troops here and conditions much better if Italian troops were reduced more to those of other nations. Only called in conference once. Knew little of municipal government affairs, could not obtain information except by conferring with other government officials.”